• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korean herb medicines

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Effects of the Essential Oil of Nelumbo nucifera Flower on Glioma Cells (련화향(蓮花香) 정유액이 glioma cell에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, In-Ja;Lee, Joo-Yeon;Choi, Bang-Seob;Kim, Geun-Woo;Koo, Byung-Soo
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.111-122
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    • 2008
  • Objective : Herb medicines are potential sources of useful edible and medicinal plants. They are used as a drug because of their various biological activities such as immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antitumor functions. Nelumbo nucifera have been applied in Chinese herbal prescriptions to improve tissue inflammation. However, it has not been elucidated on the effect of the flower of Nelumbo nucifera in cells. Method : In the present study, to examine the effect of that on glioma cells, U87, the essential oil was extracted from the flower of Nelumbo nucifera (NN essential oil). U87 cells were exposed to different concentrations of 2-40 ug/ml of NN essential oil in ethanol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay at 24 h. To find out the intracellular target signal molecule(s) for this antiproliferative activity of NN essential oil, phosphorylation of Akt, ERM, MAPK or p38 proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. To study long term effect of NN essential oil in U87 cells, the image of cells treated with NN essential oil for 4 days were obtained. Results and Conclusion : NN essential oil was shown to exhibit antitumor activity in glioma cells, at a broad range of concentrations of 10-40 ug/ml. The phosphorylation of Akt and Endoplasmic Reticulum Matrix (ERM) proteins which known to be involved in the cell death, were gradually decreased to 2 hours after addition 20 ug/ml of NN essential oil. However, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) and p38 was found to increase in NN essential oil treated cells. NN essential oil treated cells showed decreased glioma cell number. These results provide a possible NN essential oil-induced inhibitory signal for tumor cell proliferation that is initiated by the decrease in Akt activity. Moreover, it is likely that the activation of p38 is required for the NN essential oil-induced inhibition of tumor proliferation.

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The effect of ASTRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE RHIZOMA, ASRTAGALI RADIX, SOLANI NIGRI HERBA on immune response and anti-allergic reaction (백출(白朮) 황(黃)기 용규(龍葵)의 면역조절작용(免疫調節作用) 및 알레르기 저감화(低減化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Seo Bu-Il;Kim Sun Hee;Park Sun-Dal;Lee Kuek Ro
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.184-202
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    • 1997
  • The results of immune response and antiallergic reaction were as follows. 1. Hemagglutinin titer and hemolysin titer were increased in case of AMR, AR, SNH. But the results were not recognized as having significance. 2. PFC was increased in case of AMR, AR. But the results were not recognized as having significance. 3. RFC was increased in all groups, and the results in the AR, SNH were significant. 4. In experimentation of phagocytic activity in peritoneal exudate cells, AR and SNH showed significant increase. In spleen cells AR and SNH showed significant increase. In monolymphocytus cells AMR, AR and SNH were increased, but result of AMR was of no significance. 5. I examined promotion on spleen cells transformation. As these results, AMR showed increase in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in comparison with control group. And in $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ AMR showed increase in case of 24 hours, 72 hours incubation, but showed decrease in case of 48 hours incubation. AR showed increase in all. In $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SNH showed increase in comparison with control group. And in $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SNH showed increase in case of 24 hours, 48 hours incubation, but showed decrease in case of 72 hours incubation. 6. I examined proliferation of spleen cells. As these results AMR and SNH showed the highest increase in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, but showed the lowest increase in $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. AR showed the highest increase in $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, but this result was the almost same in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. And AMR, AR, SNH showed higher activity in Lipopolysaccharide than Concanavalin A. 7. In all groups results of PCA were decreased in 2 week. In 4 week AR and SNH showed decrease, but AMR didn't show change. In 6 week AR and SNH showed decrease, but on the contrary AMR showed increase. 8. In experimentation on histamine contents, AMR showed significant increase at first agent contact. And AR, SNH showed decrease at first agent contact, but these results were of no importance. At second agent contact AMR showed decrease, but was of no importance. AR, SNH showed significant decrease. At third agent contact, AMR showed significant increase. AR, SNH showed decrease, but these results were of no importance. From above these results, AR and SNH showed good effects on immunoreaction. And all the herb medicines in this examination showed good effects in promotion on spleen cells transformation and proliferation of spleen cells, especially activated B-cells. AR, SNH showed good effects on anti-allergic reaction, but AMR was almost inefficient. Accordingly I think that AR shall be used in disease bringing about a lowering of immunity, that is, AR shall be used in strengthening the body resistance. And I think that SNH shall be used in eliminating pathogenic factors with strengthening the body resistance. It is necessary to a deep study in future.

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Effect of Ulmus macrocapa Ethanolic Extracts on Anti-oxidant Activity and Melanin Synthesis in B16F1 Cells (B16F1세포에서 항산화 활성 및 멜라닌 합성에 대한 유백피 에탄올 추출물의 효능)

  • Kwon, Eun-Jeong;Park, Hye-Jung;Kim, Moon-Moo;Lee, Kyeong Rok;Hong, Il;Lee, Do Gyeong;Oh, Yunghee
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.9
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    • pp.946-951
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    • 2014
  • Melanin plays a key role in the protection of skin from ultraviolet light that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. However, the ROS leading to the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA are involved in the overproduction of melanin that is known to cause melasma, age spots and freckles. Among the herb medicines, Ulmus macrocarpa used in this study was reported to contain flavonoids as a main component. The aim of this study is to investigate the whitening and anti-oxidant effects of Ulmus macrocarpa ethanolic extracts (UMEE) in B16F1 cells. UMEE below $3.12{\mu}g/ml$ did not show cytotoxicity. In an anti-oxidant experiment, UMEE showed not only high reducing power and scavenging activity on DPPH, but it was also observed that UMEE exhibit an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. UMEE did not display an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in vitro. However, UMEE inhibited melanin synthesis in B16F1 cells. In addition, UMEE reduced the expression levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), which are key enzymes in melanogenesis. These results indicate that UMEE exert a whitening effect through the inhibition of both tyrosinase and TRP-2 expressions as well as anti-oxidant activity, suggesting that UMEE could have the functional potential for a whitening effect on the skin.

Ginseng Research in Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI) and the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex in Gaesong (생약연구소의 인삼연구와 약도개성)

  • Park, Ju-young
    • Journal of Ginseng Culture
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    • v.3
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    • pp.54-73
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    • 2021
  • The Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI, 生藥硏究所), an institution affiliated with Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學), was the predecessor of the NPRI at Seoul National University and a comprehensive research institute that focused on ginseng research during the Japanese colonial era. It was established under the leadership of Noriyuki Sugihara (杉原德行), a professor of the second lecture in pharmacology at the College of Medicine in Keijo Imperial University. Prof. Sugihara concentrated on studying Korean ginseng and herbal medicine beginning in 1926 when the second lecture of pharmacology was established. In addition to Prof. Sugihara, who majored in medicine and pharmacology, Kaku Tenmin (加來天民), an assistant professor who majored in pharmacy; Tsutomu Ishidoya (石戶谷勉), a lecturer who majored in agriculture and forestry; and about 36 researchers actively worked in the laboratory before the establishment of the NPRI in 1939. Among these personnel, approximately 14 Korean researchers had basic medical knowledge, derived mostly from specialized schools, such as medical, dental, and pharmaceutical institutions. As part of the initiative to explore the medicinal herbs of Joseon, the number of Korean researchers increased beginning in 1930. This increase started with Min Byung-Ki (閔丙祺) and Kim Ha-sik (金夏植). The second lecture of pharmacology presented various research results in areas covering medicinal plants in Joseon as well as pharmacological actions and component analyses of herbal medicines. It also conducted joint research with variousinstitutions. Meanwhile, in Gaesong (開城), the largest ginseng-producing area in Korea, the plan for the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex was established in 1935. This was a large-scale project aimed at generating profits through research on and the mass production of drugs and the reformation of the ginseng industry under collaboration among the Gaesong Ministry, Kwandong (關東) military forces, Keijo Imperial University, and private organizations. In 1936 and 1938, the Gyeonggi Provincial Medicinal Plant Research Institute (京畿道立 藥用植物硏究所) and the Herb Garden of Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學 藥草園) and Pharmaceutical Factory were established, respectively. These institutions merged to become Keijo Imperial University's NPRI, which wasthen overseen by Prof. Sugihara as director. Aside from conducting pharmacological research on ginseng, the NPRI devoted efforts to the development and sale of ginseng-based drugs, such as Sunryosam (鮮麗蔘), and the cultivation of ginseng. In 1941, the Jeju Urban Test Center (濟州島試驗場) was established, and an insecticide called Pancy (パンシ) was produced using Jeju-do medicinal herbs. However, even before research results were published in earnest, Japanese researchers, including Prof. Sugihara, hurriedly returned to Japan in 1945 because of the surrender of Japanese forces and the liberation of Korea. The NPRI was handed over to Seoul National University and led by Prof. Oh Jin-Sup (吳鎭燮), a former medical student at Keijo Imperial University. Scholars such as Woo Lin-Keun (禹麟根) and Seok Joo-Myung (石宙明) worked diligently to deal with the Korean pharmaceutical industry.

A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder (견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome)

  • Jeon, Jae-Soo;Lee, Sung-Keun;Song, Hoo-Bin;Kim, Sun-Jong;Park, Wook;Kim, Sung-Yell
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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Analysis on the Dermatosrugical Prescriptions in BangYakHapPyun(方藥合編) (方藥合編 皮膚外科 處方에 대한 分析)

  • Park, Min-chul;Choi, In-hwa
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.42-62
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    • 2003
  • Subjects : We tried to analysis dermatosurgical prescriptions including 477 WonBang(元方) prescriptions for SangJungHaTong(上中下統) introduced by HwangDoYeon(黃道淵). Methods : Prescriptions in BangYakHapPyun(方藥合編) is generally categorized into SangTong(上統), JungTong(中統), HaTong(下統) which are called PoJe(補劑), HwaJe(和劑), KongJe(功劑) respectively. This study classified and analyzed major diseases and symptoms appeared in dermatosurgical prescription and composition of medicine, as well as in BangYakHapPyun(方藥合編). Results and conclusions : The results of examining dermatosurgical prescriptions in WonBang(元方) of SangJungHaTong(上中下統) in BangYakHapPyun(方藥合編) are as follows; 1. The proportion of dematosurgical prescriptions was SangTong(上統) $\frac{10}{126}$(7.9$\%$). JungTong(中統) $\frac{22}{181}$(12.1$\%$), and HaTong(下統) $\frac{16}{163}$(9.8$\%$), which means that JungTong(中統)(HwaJe 和劑) takes up relatively the largest portion. 2. As for SangTong(上統), upper level herbs used in medicine are Glycyrrhiza uralensis(甘草), Paeonia japonica(白芍藥), Angelica gigas(當歸). Astragalus membranaceus(황기). Ginseng(人蔘), Poria cocos(복령), Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma(白朮). Cinnamon(肉桂), Rehmaniniae radix preparat(熱地黃). And these herbs are the components of Sipjundaebo-tang(十全大補湯), one of the most well-known medicine for weak energy and blood(補氣血). 3. As for JungTong(中統), in addition to medicine for weak energy and blood. Ledebouriella seseloides(防風) that removes ill elements on skin surface and Pung(風) called "wind". Limonium tetragonum(桔梗) that eliminates discharges and sputum, Angelica dahurica(白芷) that removes discharge and suppress tumor are applied. Other herbs are Ostericum koreanum(羌活). Skullcap(황령),Schizonepeta tenuifolia(荊芥), Aurantii fructus(地殼), Cimicifuga heracleifolia(升麻), Bupleurum falcatum(柴胡), Lonicerae flos(金銀花). These herbs are more effective for wind-calming treatment. cooling down fever, clearing skin irritation, detoxication. removal of tumor and discharge than replenishing energy and blood. 4. As for HaTong(下統), Angelica gigas(當歸) and Ledebouriella seseloides(防風), the two major herbs for SangTong(上統) and JungTong(中統), are mostly used. In addition, Skullcap(黃芩), Gardenia jasminoides(梔子), Eisenia bicyclis(大黃) are other major components and their key efficacy is to lower fever and KongHa(功下). 5. Herbs applied for SangTong(上統), JungTong(中統), and HaTong(下統) in large quantity are Glycyrrhiza uralensis(甘草) that harmoniously combine different herbal elements and Poria cocos(복령) that discharges humidity and watery elements out of body, removes humid and hot elements, and strengthen gastrointestinal system. Based on this, it is inferred that prescriptions for this study focus largely on treatment of humid and hot elements. In the composition of this prescription, Angelica gigas(當歸), Paeonia japonica(白芍藥), and Cnidium officinale(川芎) are taking up relatively large proportion, which are basic herbs for Samul-tang(四物湯). Therefore, it is incurred here that the concept of "replenishing blood" bears importance in dermatosurgical treatment. 6. As for herb medicines used for more than two types of prescriptions of SangTong(上統), JungTong(中統), and HaTong(下統), most of them are simultaneously used for SangTong(上統) and JungTong(中統), or for JungTong(中統), and HaTong(下統) except for Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma(白朮) and Gleditsia sinensis(조각자). This finding implies that prescription or treatment that are simultaneously applied are replenishing and harmonizing, or harmonizing and attacking while replenishing and attacking never go together.

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