• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1616-1621
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• 2007

We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 1990

This study was conducted to examine the enteropathogens and clinical aspects of diarrhea of the 211 Korean native calves during the suckling period. The experimental results were summerized as follows: 1. The 206 Korean native calves (97.6%) were affected with diarrhea during the suckling period. 2. Of 156 diarrheal feces tested, Rotavirus were detected from 108(69.2%) feces of $K^+99$ E coli were detected from 23(14.7%) feces and Eimeria spp were detected from 33(21.2%) feces. But Salmonella spp and Cryptosporidium spp were not detected. 3. Rotavirus were detected from 2 to 84 days of life, $K^+99$ E coli were detected from 5 to 54 days and Eimeria spp were detected from 33 to 84 days of life. 4. Physical appearances of the diarrheal feces were not affected specifically according to the enteropathogens, but were affected by the severity of diarrhea and the diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of soy oligosaccharide consumption on feces bifidobacteria proliferation and feces lipid profiles in Korean young women. Eight healthy young women (25 - 34 years) were fed 15 g/day of soyoligosaccharide solution, containing 3 g of oligosaccharide as form of raffinose and starchyose, for 15 days with their habitual meals. Soyoligosaccharde intake increased the numbers of fecal total bacteria significantly until 10 days (p < 0.05) and the numbers of fecal bifidobactreia were significantly increased until 15 days (p < 0.05) . The fecal pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by soyligosaccharide intake. Fecal lipid concentration showed the trend to increse, especially fecal triglyceride level was significantly increased by soy oligosaccharide intake (p < 0.05). The water contents of feces, the amount of feces, evacuation frequency and taking time to evacuation were not affected by soyoligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow-brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by soyoligosaccharide intake. These results suggest that soyoligosaccharide intake (3 g/day) in young women improved the gut microflora and fecal lipid profile. Therefore, soy oligosaccharide has a potential to be used as one of the promising prebiotics, and controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are need to be studied further.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin in the silkworm feces from various larval stages by water, chloroform and methanol extraction. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts of various silkworm feces was measured in the CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, by dye uptake assay. The cytotoxicity of those pheophytins in 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars was better than remaining larval stages. The in vitro anticoagulant and fibyinolytic activities of ethanol extract from varietal mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and silkworm feces and pheophytin extracts from silkworm feces obtained at various larval stages were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) was measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches. The pheophytin extracts from 7th days of 5th instar contained the highest percentage of pheophytin and good fibrinolytic activity.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1992

To investigate the effects of applying animal feces to the mulberry field on the chemical properties and mulberry leaf yield, poultry, pig and cattle feces were applied to the mulberry field making-up the sand loam from 1988 to 1990. The chemical properties of the mulberry field have been improved by the application of the poultry, the pig, and the cattle feces, increasing pH level, organic matter, P2O5 and exchangeable cation, especially Mg and K. Applying the pig feces and poultry feces to the mulberry field increased leaf yield during autumn rearing season, but not increased during spring rearing season. Applying animal feces to the mulberry field increased the content of total-cargbohydrate in the leaf in autumn.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

Purpose: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, is a widely distributed disease throughout the world causing substantial economic loss. In order to diagnose PPE rapidly, the rapid kit was developed and tested. Methods: In this study, a rapid kit was developed to screen the PPE rapidly at the pig farm. Also, occult blood test with fecal occult blood (FOB) kit was done for detecting the blood in pig feces which might be the evident of hemorrhagic PPE. For developing the kit, we tested fecal samples of PPE infected pigs diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: With the developed rapid kit, Lawsonia intracellularis was detected in high density emulsion of ileum. On the other hand, the test result of detecting Lawsonia in feces showed too high non-specific response. In addition, nevertheless the FOB test result showed that blood evident could be founded in pig feces, the diagnosing result was not fit to PCR test result, which shows blood in pig feces could be from not only hemorrhagic PPE but also many reasons. Conclusions: To deal with the PPE effectively, it will be better for farmers to screen the PPE in earlier stage with easy and rapid diagnosing tool on farm. This study found out that the rapid kit could detect the Lawsonia intracellularis and hemoglobin in pig feces. However, the non-specific response to negative samples of PPE was too high to use at a pig farm. Further research is needed for lowering the non-specific response with the rapid kit.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.665-670
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• 2019

Sporulated oocysts from the feces of infected cats with Toxoplasma gondii can cause detrimental disease in both humans and animals. To investigate the prevalence of feral cats that excrete T. gondii oocysts in the feces, we examined fecal samples of 563 feral cats over a 3-year period from 2009 to 2011. Oocysts of T. gondii excreted into the feces were found from 4 of 128 cats in 2009 (3.1%) and one of 228 (0.4%) in 2010 while none of the 207 cats in 2010 were found positive with oocysts in their feces, resulting in an overall prevalence rate of 0.89% (5/563) between 2009 and 2011. Among the 5 cats that tested positive with T. gondii oocysts, 4 of the cats were male and 1 was a female with an average body weight of 0.87 kg. Numerous tissue cysts of 60 ㎛ in diameter with thin (<0.5 ㎛) cyst walls were found in the brain of one of the 5 cats on necropsy 2 months after the identification of oocysts in the feces. A PCR amplification of the T. gondii-like oocysts in the feces of the positive cats using the primer pairs Tox-5/Tox-8 and Hham34F/Hham3R confirmed the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the feces. This study provides a good indication of the risk assessment of feral cats in the transmission of T. gondii to humans in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

Swine proliferative enteritis(SPE) caused by inかsoma intracellularis is a common enteric disaese of grower and finisher pig. Swine affected with SPE show variable clinical signs including diarrhea, weight loss, aberrant growth and death. The characteristic lesion of ileitis at necropsy is marked thickening of the last section of the small intestine. The inner lining of the thickened intestine proliferates almost like a cancer and curved rod bacteria(L intracellularis) are always seen inside the intestinal wall. Infected swine shed the organism in the feces. Isolation and growth of pure L intracellularis in vitro requires a suitable cell culture. This procedure is difficult and not a practical means of diagnosis, thus the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test of feces can be used to determine whether a pig is shedding the infective organism. A sensitive assay based on amplification of a 319bp DffA fragment of the L intracellularis of Swine proliferative enteritis was attempted for the detection of the organism in the 62 feces of swine. L intracellularis was identified on three herds and detected in 6 fecal samples, representing a infection rate of 9.7%. The PCR was very sensitive and specific on the individual level. The PCR technique could be very useful for the diagnosis of this disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1974

Two 3-month old Wistar Strain male rats (weights was 270g and 340g respectively) were used as samples in order to determine the daily excretion of thiamine contained in urine and feces by the thiochrome reaction. The results were as follows. 1. Daily excretion of urine was 5,2 cc per 100 grams of body weight and that of thiamine was $18.65\;{\gamma}$ per 100 grams of plasma. 2. Daily excretion of feces was 2.4 grams per 100 grams of body weight and that of thiamine was $7.24\;{\gamma}$ per 100 grams of plasma. 3. Daily excretion of thiamine contained in urine is about twice the amount of thiamine excretion contained in feces. Thus, it can be concluded that more of the excretion of thiamine was mainly excreted through urine.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.353-358
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• 2005

The present study investigated the feces production rate and fecal nitrogen production ratio of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai fed seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida. The abalone, with shell lengths of 3 cm, 5 cm, and 7 cm, were tested at temperatures of $12^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$ in a semi-recirculating aquaculture system. Under the given experimental conditions, the weight specific feces production rate (FPw) of the abalone increased with the decrease of shell length and the increase of temperature. The relationship of the FPw was. $FPw=-3.092+206.573/T - 1916.8/T^2+0.141L -0.037L^2(r^2=0.9412)$. In addition the abalone produced 17.8-22.5% of fecal material against ingested seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, and $18.4-22.4\%$ of nitrogen ingested total nitrogen.