• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2023

Background: Reproductive management practices play crucial roles to maximize the reproductive performance of cows, and thus contribute to farm profitability. We aimed to assess the reproductive management of cows currently practiced in the dairy farms in an urban farming system. Methods: A total of 62 dairy farms were randomly selected considering all size of farms such as small (1-5 cattle), medium (6-20 cattle) and large farms (> 20 cattle) from selected areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The reproductive management-related parameters viz. estrus detection, breeding method, pregnancy diagnosis, dry cow and parturition management, vaccination and treatment of reproductive problems etc. were obtained in a pre-defined questionnaire during the farm visit. Results: The visual observation method was only used (100.0%; 62/62) for estrus detection irrespective of size of the farms; while farmers observed cows for estrus 4-5 times a day, but only for 20-60 seconds each time. Regardless of farm size, 89.0% (55/62) farms used artificial insemination (AI) for breeding the cows. Intriguingly, all farms (100.0%) routinely checked the cows for pregnancy at 35-40 days post-breeding using rectal palpation technique by registered veterinarian. However, only 6.5% (4/62) farms practiced dry cow management. Notably, all farms (100.0%) provided nutritional supplements (Vit D, Ca and P) during late gestation. However, proper hygiene and cleanliness during parturition was not practiced in 77.4% (48/62) farms; even though 96.7% (60/62) farms treated cows by registered veterinarian for parturition-related problems. Conclusions: While farmers used AI service for breeding and timely check their cows for pregnancy; however, they need to increase observation time (30 minutes/ observation, twice in a day: early morning and early night) for estrus detection, consider dry cow management and ensure hygienic parturition for maximizing production.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1980

The status of artificial insemination was surveyed by investigating 20796 heads of adult dairy cattle out of 30464 heads at 1649 dairy farms located Seoul and Gyung-Gi and Chung-Cheong province area, and the results are as follows: 1. There were 286 small farms feeding less than 5 heads occupying 17.3% of total farm number, and 1083 medium sized dairy farms feeding between $6{\sim}20$ heads occupying 65.64% and also 280 large dairy farms feeding more than 21 heads occupying 17.06% of total. 2. Population of cow aging from 2 to 6 years were 87.26% and among 20907 heads of dairy cattles which had calved previously 13196 heads had histories of one to four calving 90.40%. 3. The successful conception rate with first A. I. occupied only 53.43% and 92.4% after third A. I. service. The average A. I. frequency for successful conception per/head was 1.8 times. 4. The breeding status was pregnancy 61.72%, uncertain pregnancy 19.39%, and as physiological vacancy 12.48% and reproductive disorders 10.62%. 5. Among 1264 heads of reproductive disorders 856 heads were clue to ovarian diseases and occupied 68.98% of total disorders and uterus diseases 10.64% and repeat breeders occupied 17.64%.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

The present study describes an investigation on an epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) which has been occurred among dairy cattle farms in Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do since 2007. The investigation was performed in three ways as follows: 1. Collecting information about bovine TB outbreaks using investigation reports, an on-the-spot and tracing-back investigations; 2. Analyzing the outbreak pattern; 3. Establishing hypothesis and performing statistical analysis on potential risk factors. In the early 2000s, TB outbreaks were sporadically reported in beef cattle, and only a small number ($1{\sim}2$) of reactors was confirmed in each of outbreak farms. The number of TB outbreaks has been suddenly increased from 2007, mainly in dairy cattle farms. And these outbreaks were temporarily clustered during the period, from March 2007 to April 2009 (relative risk, RR = 13.7, p < 0.001). And two spatial clusters of which radiuses were 0.3 km (RR = 6.9, p < 0.001) and 0.9 km (RR = 3.6, p < 0.01). The analysis to find risk factors was performed on 99 dairy farms (21 outbreaks), which are located in the most seriously affected village during 2007-2009. Middleman (odds ratio, OR = 47.4, p < 0.05) and raw milk collecting system (OR = 6.9, p < 0.05) were recognized as with the highest association. Considering the fact that all the outbreak farms except one had their own manure composting tank, it might be that the manure containing pathogen was leaked from tank and transmitted to other farms by fomites such as middleman or raw milk collecting system.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2010

The prevalence of major zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis and the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Jeonbuk province was monitored from 2004 to 2008. For tuberculosis, a total of 306 heads from 92 farms were positive during the surveillance period, which 228 heads were from 78 dairy farms and 78 heads from 14 Hanwoo farms. Based on the number of recurrent tuberculosis in 92 positive farms, 28 farms or 43.8% of the positive farms had 1-4 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. Based on brucellosis surveillance of 5,252 dairy cattle and 2,600,829 Hanwoo conducted during the same time period, 4,818 heads from 1,203 farms were positive for brucellosis, which 445 heads were from 111 dairy farms and 4,373 heads from 1,092 Hanwoo farms. Among the 1,203 positive farms, 473 farms or 39.3% of the positive farms had experienced 1-4 recurrent brucellosis during the surveillance. According to nationwide surveillance of HPAI, a total of 45 cases had been reported between 2004 and 2008. Among those outbreaks, 20 cases were reported in Jeonbuk province and 3 cases in 2006 and 17 case in 2008. For the regional distribution of 20 cases in Jeonbuk, 4 cases (48,490 chickens), 4 cases (23,066 chickens 66(1) and ducks 23,000(3)), 11 cases (183,077 chickens 63,077 (10) and quails 120,000 (1)), and 1 case (9,000 ducks) were reported in Iksan, Jeongeup, Gimje and Sunchang, respectively.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The surroundings of livestock farms, including dairy farms, are known to be a major source of development and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To control antibioticresistant bacteria in the livestock breeding environment, farms have installed livestock wastewater treatment facilities to treat wastewater before discharging the final effluent in nearby rivers or streams. These facilities have been known to serve as hotspots for inter-bacterial antibiotic-resistance gene transfer and extensively antibiotic-resistant bacteria, owing to the accumulation of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the livestock breeding environment. This review discusses antibiotic usage in livestock farming, including dairy farms, livestock wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria from wastewater treatment plants, and previous findings in literature.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 유기축산물(시유) 생산농가에 대한 사양관리 실태 및 생산수준에 관한 조사 연구를 통해 애로사항을 파악하고 개선방안을 모색하고자 수행하였다. 2010년 말 현재 전체 낙농가 6,347호 중 유기축산물(시유) 인증 농가수는 35호로 0.57%였다. 유기축산물 인증농가 35호 중 11농가에 대한 조사결과, 호당 평균 총사육두수는 142두로 그 중 평균 착유우 69두, 건유우 13두, 육성우 및 송아지 60두였다. 성우 대비 후보축의 비율은 42.4%를 차지하고 있었다. 조사농가의 평균 산유량은 분포는 20kg 미만이 14.3%, 25~30kg 미만이 57.1%, 30kg 이상 28.6%로 분포되어 있었다. 조사농가의 유성분 및 유질분포를 보면, 유지율은 3.3%로 전국 평균 유지율 3.95%보다 많이 낮았다. 평균 세균수는 5,775개/ml로 1A 등급, 체세포수는 192,500개/ml로 1등급에 해당되어 유질등급은 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 유기축산물(시유) 생산이 농가소득에 도움이 되는지에 대한 조사결과, 도움이 된다는 응답이 90%로 나타났으나 실제적인 경영자료를 분석한 연구가 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 일반 우유 생산에서 유기축산물(시유)로 전환한 이유는 친환경적 목장경영을 위해서라고 응답한 비율이 54.5%로 가장 높았다. 일반 낙농에 비해 유기낙농의 어려운 점으로는 유기사료 공급의 어려움이라고 대답한 비율이 45.5%로 가장 높았다. 실제적으로 유기 조사료 자가 생산 이용률은 43.0%였고, 구입하여 이용하는 비율은 57.0%로 나타나 유기 조사료 자급에 대한 비율을 더 높이는 것이 유기낙농 발전을 위해 해결해야 할 과제임을 알 수 있다. 평균 조농비율은 38.6:61.4로 조사료 급여비율이 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 유기축산물(시유) 확대를 위해서는 유기사료의 안정적인 공급이 우선되어야 할 과제라 생각된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 젖소농가의 사육규모별 축사시설 현황을 파악하고자 전국 9개도시의 젖소 50두 이상사육농가 4,198호를 대상으로 축사시설 실태를 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 50두 이상 전업농가에서 344,514마리를 사육하였으며 농가당 50~99마리 사육규모가 78.9%로 대부분이었고 농가당 평균 사육두수는 82.1두 이었다. 젖소 우사의 건축 시기는 평균 건축연도가 1995년 9월로타 축종에 비하여 노후한 편이었으며 농가당 축사면적은 $1,740.0\;m^2$이었다. 젖소 우사의 건축형태는 톱밥우사 84.0%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고 후리스톨 5.1%, 계류식+톱밥 운동장 17.3%, 기타 4.4%이었다. 규모별 우사의 건축형태는 소규모 농가에서 톱밥우사가 많은 반면, 대규모 농가에서는 후리스톨이 10.9%로서 소규모 농가의 후리스톨 보다 높게 나타났다. 착유시설은 파이프라인 41.5%, 헤링본 22.8%, 탠덤 35.8% 이었으나 50~99두의 소규모 농가는 파이프라인이 48.0%로 많은 반면, 200두 이상에서는 헤링본 38.3%, 탠던 48.9%로 착유실 착유가 많은 것을 알 수 있다. 우사 바닥은 깔짚이 94.9%로 스크레이퍼에 비하여 상당히 높게 나타났으나 대규모 농가에서는 스크레파가 13.1%로 소규모 농가의 6.4%에 비하여 높은 경향이었다. 유우사 지붕의 재질은 슬레이트 32.5%, 비닐 16.3%, 썬라이트 11.1%, 판넬 10.9, 함석 8.8, 강판 8.3%로 조사되었다. 1995년 이전에는 슬레이트가 많았으나 1995년 이후 비닐지붕이 증가하고 있으며 대규모 농가에서도 비닐지붕이 23.8%로 소규모 농가에 비하여 많았다. 우사 외벽 재질은 개방식이 83.3%이며 윈치커튼이 26.8%로 대부분 개병형 우사 이었다. 젖소 사육시설의 사용년수는 착유기 9.2년, 사료자동급이기 7.9년, 급수기 9.2년, 전기시설 10.4년으로 최근 사료자동급이기의 시설개선이 많이 있었던 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the status of brucellosis in dairy cattle from five selected dairy farms in the Mohammadpur Beribadh area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to March 2011 in which a total of 334 serum samples from cattle in five herds were screened by the Rose-Bengal plate-agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information describing the animals. Overall, 4.20% of the animals were RBPT positive, while subsequent confirmatory tests with I-ELISA revealed that the overall animal-level prevalence derived from the samples was 1.20%. Additionally, the prevalence was relatively higher in females than in males. A significant association was found between abortion, age of the animals, and the occurrence of brucellosis (p < 0.05). Considering the overall low prevalence of brucellosis in the selected farms in the present study, a brucellosis eradication program for dairy farms using a test-and-slaughter policy would be possible.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.208-226
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• 1994

From January to December 1993, 3,385 bulk milk samples were collected from 293 herds in Inchon area. Standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) were performed by the method of milk collection, the situation of raising management and monthly. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1, Annual average SPC and SCC were respectively 638,000 cfu /mm and 647,000 cells /mm. SPC showed an abrupt decrease from January-1,088,000 cfu /mm to December-279,000 cfu /mm, but SCC showed a slow change from January-1,017,000 cells /mm to December -673,000 cells /mm 2. Variation on milk quality(annual average SPC) was shown a wide difference between everyday collection-575,000 cfu /mm and every other day collection-1,243,000 cfu /mm ac-cording to frequency of milk collection from dairy farms. However, there was a little difference In SCC. 3. In the raising scale, average SPC were the lowest in 16~25mi1king cows, and average SCC were the lowest in above 25milking cows. 4. According to types of milking machine, average SPC and SCC of dairy farms that are equipped with pipeline system were respectively 361,000 cfu /mm and 591,000 cells /mm. Those of dairy farms with bucket system were 549,000 cfu /me and 559,000 cells /mm. 5. In the types of management, average SPC an SCC of dairy farms with hired herdsman were 288,000 cfu /mm and 559,000 cells /mm. Those of dairy farms with self-management were 526,000 cfu /mm and 568,000 cells /mm.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1972

A survey of piroplasma infections, and trials of therapy of dairy cattle imported from Canada were conducted. The studies were carried out by hematological and clinical examinations, from May to September, 1970. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A considerable damages due to Babesia and Theileria infections of dairy cattle were observed in several dairy farms where Pamaquine and Quinuroneum sulphate treatment was applied. 2. The infection was more commonly found in farms where Korean native cattle was raised previously. 3. The dairy cattle raised on pasture which is lightly infected with ticks were mostly infected with Theileria. The infected cattle were easily recovered after treatment with Pamaquine. 4. Leukocytosis and the left shift of neutrophils were observed in the cattle showing mixed infection with Babesia and Theileria.