• 제목/요약/키워드: Korean corpus

검색결과 1,201건 처리시간 0.03초

Simvastatin Reduces Lipopolysaccharides-Accelerated Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Activity

  • Jalin, Angela M.A. Anthony;Lee, Jae-Chul;Cho, Geum-Sil;Kim, Chunsook;Ju, Chung;Pahk, Kisoo;Song, Hwa Young;Kim, Won-Ki
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.531-538
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    • 2015
  • Preceding infection or inflammation such as bacterial meningitis has been associated with poor outcomes after stroke. Previously, we reported that intracorpus callosum microinjection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) strongly accelerated the ischemia/reperfusionevoked brain tissue damage via recruiting inflammatory cells into the ischemic lesion. Simvastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses in vascular diseases. Thus, we investigated whether simvastatin could reduce the LPS-accelerated ischemic injury. Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats prior to cerebral ischemic insults (4 times at 72, 48, 25, and 1-h pre-ischemia). LPS was microinjected into rat corpus callosum 1 day before the ischemic injury. Treatment of simvastatin reduced the LPS-accelerated infarct size by 73%, and decreased the ischemia/reperfusion-induced expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in LPS-injected rat brains. However, simvastatin did not reduce the infiltration of microglial/macrophageal cells into the LPS-pretreated brain lesion. In vitro migration assay also showed that simvastatin did not inhibit the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-evoked migration of microglial/macrophageal cells. Instead, simvastatin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$, a key signaling event in expressions of various proinflammatory mediators, by decreasing the degradation of $I{\kappa}B$. The present results indicate that simvastatin may be beneficial particularly to the accelerated cerebral ischemic injury under inflammatory or infectious conditions.

Involvement of Ski Protein Expression in Luteinization in Rat Granulosa Cells

  • Kim, Hyun;Matsuwaki, Takashi;Yamanouchi, Keitaro;Nighihara, Masugi;Kim, Sung-Woo;Ko, Yeoung-Gyu;Yang, Boh-Suk
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2011
  • Ski protein is implicated in proliferation/differentiation in a variety of cells. We had previously reported that Ski protein is present in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that Ski has a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells. The alternative fate of granulosa cells other than apoptosis is to differentiate to luteal cells, however, it is unknown whether Ski is expressed and has a role in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein in the rat ovary during luteinization to predict the possible role of Ski. In order to examine the expression pattern of Ski protein along with the progress of luteinization, follicular growth was induced by administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin to immature female rat, and luteinization was induced by human chorionic gonadotropin treatment to mimic luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. While no Ski-positive granulosa cells were present in preovulatory follicle, Ski protein expression was induced in response to LH surge, and was maintained after the formation of corpus luteum (CL). Though Ski protein is absent in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicle, its mRNA (c-ski) was expressed and the level was unchanged even after LH surge. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ski protein expression is induced in granulosa cells upon luteinization, and suggested that its expression is regulated post-transcriptionally.

흰쥐의 부정소에서 Monocarboxylate Transporters(MCTs)와 조절 단백질, Basigin과 Embigin의 생후 발달 과정 동안 발현 양상 (Postnatal Ontogeny of Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporters(MCTs) and Two Regulatory Proteins, Basigin and Embigin, in The Epididymis of Male Rat)

  • 이기호
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 생후 발달 과정 동안 monocarboxylate transporter(MCT) isoform과 MCT의 발현 조절 단백질로 알려진 basigin(Bsg)과 embigin의 mRNA 발현을 흰쥐의 부정소에서 부위별로 real-time PCR 방법을 사용하여 알아보았으며, 에스트로젠과 에스트로젠 수용체 α의 작용에 의해 MCT1 발현이 조절되는지를 알아보기 위해 estrogen receptor α knockout(αERKO) 마우스를 이용하여 immunohistochemistry 방법을 통해 탐구하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다양한 MCT isoform(MCT1, 2, 3, 4와 8), Bsg과 embigin의 mRNA 발현이 부정소의 부위별로 연령에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 부정소에서 MCT1 단백질 발현은 corpus와 caudal 부위에서 apical 지역에 한정되어 나타나는 것을 보여 주었다. 또한 부정소에서 MCT1 단백질 발현은 에스트로젠 수용체 α의 존재 여부와 상관 없음이 보여졌다. 따라서, 본 연구는 MCT가 남성 생식기관인 부정소에서 정자 성숙과 저장을 위한 적절한 환경을 형성함으로써 남성 생식력의 유지에 관여 할 수 있음을 시사한다. (색인어 : Epididymis, Monocarboxylate transporter, Basigin, Embigin)

Systems for Production of Calves from Hanwoo IVM/IVF/IVC Blastocyst. IV. Direct Transfer of Vitrified and One-Step Diluted Hanwoo Blastocysts

  • 김은영;박세필;김덕임;이문걸;이종우;이금실;박세영;박은미;윤지연
    • 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.73-73
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    • 2001
  • This study was to examine whether the vitrified, one-step diluted and direct transferred Hanwoo IVM/IVF/IVC blastocysts can be successfully survived in vivo and they were succeeded into the live birth. For vitrification, blastocysts were serially exposed in glycerol (G) or/and ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures [10% (v/v) G for 5 min, 10% G plus 20% EG (v/v) for 5 min, and 25% G plus 25% EG (v/v) for 30 sect] which is diluted in 10% FBS added D-PBS. Thawing of straw was carried out in air for 10 sec and then in water bath of $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec. One-step dilution within the straw was done in water bath of $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. Vitrified and one-step diluted embryos were directly transferred into 36 (natural or hormone induced synchronized) recipient cows in 6 areas of Kyungsang Buk-Do. Pregnancies were confirmed at first when recipient cows did not return to the subsequent estrus cycle, and later by manual palpation per rectum on day 45, 90 and then living calves were derived into parturition. Overall pregnancy was 33.3%(12/36), However, higher pregnancy was obtained when the recipients exhibited estrus one day earlier than the age of transferred embryos (53.3 vs 25.0-27.3%), irrespective of synchronization methods. Also, parous recipients became pregnant higher than nulliparous heifers, And, there were not different in pregnancy rates by the aspect of corpus luteum (CL) quality of recipients (good, 29.4; fair, 37.5; poor, 33.3%). One hundred eight of frozen-thawed Hanwoo blastocysts were directly transferred into 36 recipient cows. In 12 of pregnant cows, 3 cows were aborted and 9 cows were calved [single, 66.7% (6/9): twin, 33.3% (3/9)]. Total embryo implantation rate was 11.1% (12/108). However, 9 Hanwoo calves were lived. Therefore, these results demonstrate that direct transfer technique of vitrified and one-step diluted bovine blastocysts can be applied easily and effectively with the higher pregnancy rate on field trial without the equipment and embryological skills.

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Effect of an Anabolic Steroid, Nandrolone Decanoate, on Aquaporin 1 and 9 Gene Expression in the Rat Epididymis

  • Seo, Hee-Jung;Kang, Hyo-Jin;Choi, In-Ho;Cheon, Yong-Pil;Lee, Ki-Ho
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2009
  • The epididymis in the male reproductive tract is the site where spermatozoa produced from the testis become mature. The epididymis is divided into 4 different segments, initial segment and caput, corpus, and caudal epididymis, depending upon functional and morphological features. Aquaporins (Aqps) are water channel molecules, which are present in the epididymis and play a major role in removal of epididymal water, resulting in creation of microenvironment for sperm maturation and concentration of sperms. Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid, which is used to treat clinical diseases and improve physical ability and appearance. Even though it is well determined that the ND causes the male infertility by affecting the testis, little is known the effect of the ND on the epididymis. The present study was focused to examine the effect of ND at different treatment doses and periods on expression of Aqp1 and Aqp9 genes in the epididymis of pubertal rats. Results showed that mRNA expression of Aqp1 and Aqp9 genes among the parts of the epididymis was differentially regulated by ND treatment doses. In addition, treatment periods of ND caused differential expression of Aqp1 and Aqp9 mRNAs among segments of the epididymis. Therefore, it is believed that male infertility induced by ND could be resulted not only from malfunction of the testis but also from aberrant gene expression of Aqp1 and Aqp9 in the epididymis.

유아 언어학습에 대한 하이퍼망 메모리 기반 모델 (Hypernetwork Memory-Based Model for Infant's Language Learning)

  • 이지훈;이은석;장병탁
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.983-987
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    • 2009
  • 유아들의 언어습득에 있어서 중요한 점 하나는 학습자에 대한 언어환경의 노출이다. 유아가 접하는 언어환경은 부모와 같은 인간뿐만 아니라 각종 미디어와 같은 인공적 환경도 포함되며, 유아는 이러한 방대한 언어환경을 탐색하면서 언어를 학습한다. 본 연구는 대용량의 언어 데이터 노출이 영향을 미치는 유아언어학습을 유연하고 적절하게 모사하는 인지적 기제에 따른 기계학습 방식을 제안한다. 유아의 초기 언어학습은 문장수준의 학습과 생성 같은 행동들이 수반되는데, 이는 언어 코퍼스에 대한 노출만으로 모사가 가능하다. 모사의 핵심은 언어 하이퍼망 구조를 가진 기억기반 학습모델이다. 언어 하이퍼망은 언어구성 요소들 간의 상위차원 관계 표상을 가능케 함으로써 새로운 데이터 스트림에 대해 유사구조의 적용과 이용을 도모하여 발달적이고 점진적인 학습을 모사한다. 본 연구에서는 11 개의 유아용 비디오로부터 추출한 문장 32744개를 언어 하이퍼망을 통한 점진적 학습을 수행하여 문장을 생성해 유아의 점진적, 발달적 학습을 모사하였다.

CRFs와 TBL을 이용한 자동화된 음성인식 후처리 방법 (An Automatic Post-processing Method for Speech Recognition using CRFs and TBL)

  • 선충녕;정형일;서정연
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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    • 제37권9호
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    • pp.706-711
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    • 2010
  • 음성 인식기의 오류는 음성기반 응용 시스템들의 성능에 크게 영향을 주기 때문에 오류를 줄이기 위한 효과적인 처리 방법이 필요하다. 기존의 후처리 기법들은 수동 작업을 통한 코퍼스나 규칙으로 후처리를 수행하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 문제나 인식기의 특성에 무관하게 자동으로 학습할 수 있는 후처리 모델을 제안한다. 후처리의 문제를 오류의 인식과 수정으로 구분하고 오류 검출 문제는 순차적인 분류 문제로 간주하여 conditional random fields(CRFs)를 사용하고 오류 수정 규칙은 transformation-based learning(TBL)을 이용하여 자동 생성하여 적용하였다. 제안한 방법을 여행 예약 영역의 음성 인식기에 적용한 결과 삽입, 삭제, 치환 오류를 각각 25.85%, 3.57%, 7.42%을 수정하였으며, 이로 인해 인식기의 어휘 오류율을 2% 감소시킬 수 있었다.

문장구조 유사도와 단어 유사도를 이용한 클러스터링 기반의 통계기계번역 (Clustering-based Statistical Machine Translation Using Syntactic Structure and Word Similarity)

  • 김한경;나휘동;이금희;이종혁
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 2010
  • 통계기계번역에서 번역성능의 향상을 위해서 문장의 유형이나 장르에 따라 클러스터링을 수행하여 도메인에 특화된 번역을 시도하는 방법이 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구 중 문장의 유형 정보와 장르에 따른 정보를 동시에 사용한 경우는 없었다. 본 논문에서는 각 문장의 문법적 구조 유사도에 따른 유형별분류 기법과, 단어 유사도 정보를 사용한 장르 구분법을 적용하여 기존의 두 기법을 통합하였다. 이렇게 분류된 말뭉치에서 추출한 도메인 특화 모델과 전체 말뭉치에서 추출된 모델에서 보간법(interpolation)을 사용하여 통계기계번역의 성능을 향상하였다. 문장구조 유사도와 단어 유사도의 계산 방법으로는 각각 커널과 코사인 유사도를 적용하였으며, 두 유사도를 적용하여 말뭉치를 분류하는 과정에서는 K-Means 알고리즘과 유사한 기계학습 기법을 사용하였다. 이를 일본어-영어의 특허문서에서 실험한 결과 최선의 경우 약 2.5%의 상대적인 성능 향상을 얻었다.

Protection of the brain through supplementation with larch arabinogalactan in a rat model of vascular dementia

  • Lim, Sun Ha;Lee, Jongwon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.381-387
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vascular dementia (VaD) caused by reduced blood supply to the brain manifests as white matter lesions accompanying demyelination and glial activation. We previously showed that arabinoxylan consisting of arabinose and xylose, and arabinose itself attenuated white matter injury in a rat model of VaD. Here, we investigated whether larch arabinogalactan (LAG) consisting of arabinose and galactose could also reduce white matter injury. MATERIALS/METHODS: We used a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), in which the bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and ligated permanently with silk sutures. The rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet supplemented with LAG (100 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before and 4 weeks after being subjected to BCCAO. Four weeks after BCCAO, the pupillary light reflex (PLR) was measured to assess functional consequences of injury in the corpus callosum (cc). Additionally, Luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to assess white matter injury, and astrocytic and microglial activation, respectively. RESULTS: We showed that white matter injury in the the cc and optic tract (opt) was attenuated in rats fed diet supplemented with LAG. Functional consequences of injury reduction in the opt manifested as improved PLR. Overall, these findings indicate that LAG intake protects against white matter injury through inhibition of glial activation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support our hypothesis that cell wall polysaccharides consisting of arabinose are effective at protecting white matter injury, regardless of their origin. Moreover, LAG has the potential for development as a functional food to prevent vascular dementia.

어휘별 중의성 제거 규칙과 통계 정보를 이용한 한국어 품사 태깅 (Korean Part-of-Speech Tagging using Disambiguation Rules for Ambiguous Word and Statistical Information)

  • 안광모;한규열;서영훈
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 2009
  • 규칙 정보와 통계 정보를 이용하는 복합적 품사 태깅은 통계를 기반으로 하는 방법의 견고함과 확장성을 가지고, 통계 정보에 벗어나는 언어현상들을 규칙 정보를 이용하여 해결함으로서 높은 정확도를 가질 수 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구는 규칙 정보의 제한적인 적용범위 때문에 통계 정보에 벗어나는 언어 현상을 처리할 수 없는 경우가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 어휘의 사전적 의미와 문맥적 관계를 반영할 수 있는 "어휘별 중의성 제거 규칙"을 제안한다. 어휘별 중의성 제거 규칙은 세종 말뭉치로 부터 말뭉치 데이터를 형태소 분석하여 상위 50%의 중의성 어휘에 대한 사전적 의미와 문맥적 관계를 고려한 품사 태깅 정보를 추출하고 이것을 규칙으로 만든 것이며, 현재까지 총 1,815개로 구성되어 있다. 어휘별 중의성 제거 규칙을 기존의 복합적 품사 태깅 시스템에 적용하여 품사 태깅의 정확도를 높일 수 있었다.