• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.272-275
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• 2000

Winter green manure crops including legume increase grain yield of subsequent crop and substitute N fertilizer requirement with organic-No Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can provide N-rich green manure for corn with its soil incorporation after wintering. But, grain yield of corn as succeeding crop would be reduced if its planting time is delayed until late spring. This experiment was carried out to find the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch green manure and planting time of subsequent corn in cropping system with winter hairy vetch(green manure)-summer corn. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil at a ten-day interval between April 10 and May 10 and corn was planted at 5 days after each hairy vetch incorporation. Soil nitrate concentration on April 10 and 20 in hairy vetch plot was slightly lower than that at winter fallow. Above-ground dry matter and organic-N of hairy vetch increased linearly with delayed hairy vetch incorporation time from April 10 to May 10. Average dry matter and organic-N produced by hairy vetch were 5.7 ton/ha and 248 kgN/ha, respectively. Corn growth and yield decreased as delayed corn planting time after May in spite of increasing dry matter and N-yield of hairy vetch. Nitrogen concentration of corn grain, stalk and whole plant at harvest were the highest in May 5 planting, but total N-uptake of May 5 planting were not different from that of April 25 planting because of lower grain yield. It was concluded that the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch and corn planting time were April 20 and April 25, respectively, because grain yield was the highest and corn could use hairy vetch-N effectively to produce dry matter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 1981

Several tests were conducted to study lipoxygenase activity and off-flavor developement in frozen sweet corn. Fresh corn contained about 60% of total lipoxygenase activity in the germ section. When non-blanched frozen sweet corn was stored at $-10^{\circ}F$, it developed off-flavor and most significant changes in the flavor profile of off-flavored sweet corn was $4{\sim}5$ times higher hexanal peaks. The high hexanal peaks observed in the sterilized sweet corn with added lipoxygenase, alone and in combination with other enzymes, suggested the fact that high hexanal peaks in off-flavored sweet corn could be due to an oxidative reaction of lionleic acid (and other unsaturated fatty acids) catalyzed by lipoxygenase. Based on lipoxygenase activity and linoleic acid content in sweet corn, this reaction occur most heavily in the germ section of sweet corn. There was a significant relationship between flavor score of frozen stored corn-on-the-cob and hexanal peak in the germ section of corn-on-the-cob. This result indicated that hexanal peak could be used as an objective index of off-flavor development in frozen sweet corn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.694-699
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to develop muffins in which corn bran fiber was substituted 10, 30, 50 or $70\%$ for fat and the quality characteristics were compared with a full-fat counterpart. The volume and height of muffin was highest in control and decreased with increasing corn bran fiber content, but no difference in weight was observed (p<0.05). The incorporation of corn bran fiber in the product lowered lightness and redness values but decreased yellowness values. The mechanical texture parameters including hardness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness increased with increasing corn bran fiber levels. Scanning electron microscope showed that the size of air cells was decreased with increasing corn bran fiber levels. Sensory analysis yielded muffin with $30\%$ substitution of butter with corn bran fiber was considered to be as acceptable as control.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2024

To produce super sweet corn sikhye, substituted for sweetener, the ratio of rice and super sweet corn was adjusted and processed with complex enzymes during saccharification, and their physicochemical and sensory properties were analyzed. The soluble solid content of the control and Corn-5 showed significantly high content at 13.50 °Brix, and the reducing sugar content of Corn-5 showed the highest content at 9.45%. The control showed the lowest free sugar content among all the experimental groups, excluding maltose content. In the enzyme-treated corn sikhye group, as the amount of super sweet corn increased, the content of sucrose decreased and the contents of glucose and fructose increased. The content of ascorbic acid and polyphenol compounds increased as the amount of super sweet corn increased. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities increased with increasing ratio of super sweet corn and enzyme treatment compared to the control. In the case of sensory evaluation, Corn-3, which substituted 30% of super sweet corn for rice and treated with enzymes, showed higher evaluations in taste, sweetness, and overall preference than those of the control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2017

The status of corn genetic diversity in the uplands of Sarangani in Southern Philippines was investigated using 12 morphological traits subjected to multivariate statistical analyses. Information about traditional farming, post-harvest and storage practices were also elicited especially in relation to losses of traditional varieties, a phenomenon known as genetic erosion. While a handful of farmers still plant traditional corn varieties in the remotest areas, a significant number had already shifted to genetically modified corn. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the 12 morphological traits into 5 principal components and identified ear length and ear weight to be major contributors to variation. Cluster Analysis, on the other hand, formed two distinct groups but failed to give information about intra-cluster variability among the 32 collected corn accessions. These results warrant that more informative morphological traits and that molecular markers will be used to obtain a better picture of genetic diversity in Sarangani upland corn. Molecular analysis is also needed to establish genetic identities of these cultivars and to detect gene introgression from GM varieties into the gene pool of farmers' corn varieties. These analyses are imperative for the conservation of traditional corn varieties before they disappear in the Sarangani uplands because of shifting priorities of upland farmers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution of an extruded or extruded-pelleted corn product for unprocessed corn of the starter diet on growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in weanling pigs. Seventy-two 21-day-old weanling pigs were allotted to 24 pens and provided ad libitum with one of the four experimental diets for 3 wk in two serial feeding trials during summer beginning from late June. The treatments were a milk product-soy-corn-based control diet containing 25% unprocessed corn and the other three diets only substituted with 12.5% extruded corn Suprex$^{(R)}$, Optigrain$^{(R)}$, an extruded mixture of wheat, rye and durum, or extruded-pelleted corn for an equal percentage of unprocessed corn of the control diet. All diets were supplemented with 100 ppm sulfathiazone, 50 ppm penicillin, and 100 ppm chlortetracycline for preventive medication. The initial and final weights as well as gain : feed were less in the second trial than in the first one (P<0.05). However, effects of the dietary treatments were not detected in any of the performance variables including final weight, ADG, ADFI, and gain : feed, nor were there any interactions between the trial and dietary treatment. In addition, almost all pigs exhibited normal firm feces in both trials and therefore there was no main effect in the fecal consistency score. Results suggest that partial substitution of the thermally processed corn for unprocessed corn of the milk product-corn-soy-based and medicated starter diet has no effect on growth performance or incidence of diarrhea in weanling pigs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1996

To obtain the basic data on precooling effects for establishment the suitable postharvest handling technique or method of keeping high quality of vegetalble corn, the sweet, supersweet and waxy corn, (Danok #2, Cocktail #86 and Chalok #1), being mainly consumed as vegetables in Korea, were precooled with ice or vacuum cooling method immediately after harvest. The vacuum cooling was the most effective for the field heat removal of vegetable corn. It took only 30 min. at 4 to 5 torr of cold chamber pressure of vacuum precooler to lower the corn temperature from 30 to 2$^{\circ}C$. The ice cooling was also thought to be a useful precooling method with relatively short cooling time of 6 hrs. The vegetable corn treated with vacuum or ice cooling showed low and stable respiration rates of 25.5 to 43.5 CO2 mg/kg/hr. when stored at 0∼2$^{\circ}C$ while the samples stored at room temperature (20∼25$^{\circ}C$) without precooling were as high as 64.1 to 245 CO, mg/kg/hr.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.1.1-1.6
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• 2018

Background: Maize fodder is being used as staple feed for livestock but it lacks protein and essential amino acids; lysine and tryptophan. Intercropping maize with leguminous soybean crop is promising technique under limited land resources of South Korea but it can only give considerable advantages when adequate distance is provided between corn and soybean rows. Main aim of present study was to find-out adequate distance between corn and soybean seeding rows for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of intercropped forage. Methods: Different interrow distances between corn and soybean were evaluated under four treatments, viz. 1) Corn sole as positive control treatment 2) Zero cm between corn and soybean (control); 2) Five cm between corn and soybean; 3) 10 cm between corn and soybean, with three replicates under randomized block design. Results: Findings depicted that height and number of corn stalks and ears were similar (P > 0.05) among different treatments. Numerically average corn ear height was decreased at zero cm distance. Dry matter percentage in all components; corn stalk, corn ear and soybean was also found not different (P > 0.05) but dry matter yield in component of corn ear was lower (P < 0.05) at zero cm distance as compared to that of 5 and 10 cm interrow distances. In case of nutritive value, total digestible nutrient yield in intercropped corn was also found lower (P < 0.05) at zero cm distance than that of 5 and 10 cm interrow distances between corn and soybean seeding rows. Substantial decrease in dry matter yield of maize ear at zero cm distance might be attributed to factor of closed interrow spacing which made interplant competition more intensified for light interception, necessary for photosynthetic activity. Lower dry matter yield in ear also reduced total digestible nutrients in intercropped maize because it was determining factor in calculation of digestible nutrients. The optimum yield and nutritive value of forage at wider interrow distance i.e. 5 cm between corn and soybean might be due to adequate interseed distance. Conclusion: Conclusively, pattern of corn and soybean seeding in rows at 5 cm distance was found suitable which provided adequate interrow distance to maintain enough mutual cooperation and decreased competition between both species for optimum production performance and nutritive value of intercropped forage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2001

It is possible to use hairy vetch as green manure for corn not only in corn single cropping but also in double cropping system of corn and fall oats. Fall oats and hairy vetch were mixed-sown after corn harvest and harvested as forage in the early of November, and then hairy vetch stubble was over-wintered and incorporated into soil at corn planting as green manure without N fertilizer (FO+HV-GM). Other treatments were fall oats without N fertilizer on corn (FO-0N) and with N fertilizer 200kg/ha on corn (FO-200N), hairy vetch green manure without N fertilizer on corn (HV-GM), and fell winter follow without N fertilizer on corn (WF-0N). Soil nitrate content, corn growth and nitrogen uptakes, and yield of corn were measured and compared during 2-year experimental seasons. Dry matter and N amount of hairy vetch at the plot of FO+HV-GM were 60% less than those at the plot of HV-GM. The N effect of hairy vetch green manure on corn at the plot of HV-GM was similar to that at FO-200N plot for two years. Soil nitrate at the plot of FO+HV-GM was below the half of those at plots of HV-GM and FO-200N at 6-leaf stage of corn. N uptake of corn at the plot of FO+HV-GM at silking stage was 30% less than those at plot of HV-GM and FO-200N. However, soil nitrate at 6-leaf stage of corn and the amount of nitrogen uptake of corn at silking stage increased two times and 30-40 kg/ha, respectively, compared with those at the plot of FO-0N. Corn yield at FO+HV-GM decreased about 2 ton/ha due to the decrease of corn grain weight in the first year compared with plot of HV-GM and FO-200N, but its difference was not shown in succeeding second year. Corn N uptake at FO+HV-GM decreased 60 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha in 1999 and 2000, compared with plot of HV-GM and FO-200N, respectively, but increased 30kg/ha and 45kg/ha compared with the plot of FO-0N in 1999, 2000, respectively. Therefore, it is estimated that hairy vetch green manure in fall oats-corn double cropping system can reduce nitrogen chemical fertilizer on corn as much as 50-100 kg/ha although its N effect is much lower than the N effect of hairy vetch green manure in corn single cropping of which N effect is over 200 kg/ha.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted from 1991 to 1993 at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon to investigate the effects of previous crop residues on growth and yield of succeeding corn(2ea mays L.) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total dry matter yield of winter forage crops plus corn for silage. In this experiment, treatments consisted of no crop as a control, late maturing Kodiak rye(Seca1e cereale L.), Bamapoli forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera L.), G-sprinter oats(Avem sativa L.), Chief crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum L.), Jackson Italian ryegrass(lo1ium rnultiJlorum L.), Vantage vetch(Vicia sativa L.) and early maturing Koolgrazer rye(Seca1e cereale L.). Corn leaf number and silking date were not significantly affected by previous crop residues, but the leaf number of corn following Italian ryegrass was reduced by 1.9 relative to no previous crop. The plant height and LA1 were significantly reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye (p<0.05). The dry matter and estimated TDN yields of corn were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass, late maturing Kodiak rye and early maturing Koolgrazer rye, relative to com when no previous crops were planted, were 34, 17 and 8%, respectively. Therefore, the reduction in corn growth and yield in this experiment could be explained by an allelopathic effect resulting from the Italian ryegrass and rye residues. The highest total dry matter yield of 30,509kg/ha was obtained from an early maturing rye-corn double cropping sequence in combination among the eight cropping systems.