• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2014

The effect of feed moisture contents (30%, 40%, and 50%) and screw speed (200 rpm, 250 rpm, and 300 rpm) on the corn fiber gum (CFG) yield and soluble arabinoxylans (SAX) content of destarched corn fiber was investigated. The CFG yields and SAX contents of extruded, destarched corn fiber were higher than that of destarched corn fiber. In extruded, destarched corn fiber, increased screw speed and decreased feed moisture contents resulted in a higher SAX contents. The maximum yields of CFG obtained from extruded, destarched corn fiber were $79.1{\pm}19.0g/kg$ (30% feed moisture content) and $82.3{\pm}11.30g/kg$ (300 rpm screw speed). The highest SAX content was also observed at a screw speed of 300 rpm. The results of the present study show that water extraction and extrusion combined have the potential to increase CFG and SAX yields from corn fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.436-442
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• 1997

Corn starch was extruded under relatively low shear, high moisture, and low temperature. Puffing of corn starch dough was induced by injecting $CO_2$gas in the range from 0MPa to 0.09MPa. Piece density and compressive modulus for puffed corn starch were decreased by increasing the injection pressure to 0.07MPa, and increased above 0.07MPa. the microstructure of corn starch puffed with $CO_2$gas showed thick cell size, compared with those puffed with steam. RVA paste viscosity curves of corn starch puffed with $CO_2$had different patterns from those puffed with steam, probably resulted from partial gelatinization of starch. Water absorption and solubility were not significantly changed by $CO_2$injection pressure, but the average degree of polymerization was reduced by higher $CO_2$injection. The water absorption, water solubility, and the average degree of polymerization for corn starch puffed with $CO_2$were significantly lower than those puffed with steam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.656-665
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• 1993

Two types of baby corn silk detachment systems called fixing and moving baby corn and based on applying frictional force on the silk were developed and evaluated. In the fixing mode the baby corn was fixed on a pin and a hollow frictional cylinder was moved concentrically and vertically along the baby corn towards the branch end. In the moving mode the baby corn was forced vertically towards the tip to pass through the same silk detachment cylinder. Traveling speeds of the detachment cylinder and the baby corn were 44.5 and 166.9 mm/s. In the fixing mode at silk moisture content of 91 % (w.b) silk detachment efficiencies at low and high speeds were 99.1 and 99.2%. The silk detachment efficiencies in the moving mode at low and high speeds were 96.6 and 98.5%. Damaged baby corn at low speed was less than at high speed in both modes. Minimum damage was nil in the fixing mode at low speed and the maximum was 47.5% in the moving mode at high speed. The damaged was due to ovaries r moval at the base near the joint between the baby corn and the branch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2004

In Korea, production of super sweet corn has been economically feasible and is substituting for traditional sweet corn due to better flavor in recent years. Major limiting factors for super sweet corn production are low field emergence and low seedling vigor. The optimum water potential (WP) for the priming of normal and aged seeds of dent, sweet (su) and super sweet (sh2) corns was studied to improve low seed quality. Seeds were primed at 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution at $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. Priming effects differed depending on the type of corn, seed quality, and WP of PEG solution. Although WP of priming solution did not influence the emergence rate of extremely high quality normal dent corn seeds, it reduced time to $50\%$ emergence (T50) and increased plumule weight. In contrast, the emergence rate of aged field corn was improved by seed priming at 0 MPa and plumule weight and $\alpha-amylase$ activity was enhanced. The optimum WP for both normal and aged sweet and super sweet corn seeds was between -0.3 and -0.6 Mpa. At the optimum WP emergence rate, $\alpha-amylase$ activity, and content of DNA and soluble protein increased, while T50 and leakage of total sugars and electrolytes reduced.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

No-tillage silage corn with legume hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth, HV) has renewed interest in supply of mineral N, soil erosion control at sloping land and weed control by cover of HV killed. This study was conducted to monitor concentration of soil mineral N ($NO_3^-$ -N + $NH_4^+$-N) and to find out variation of growth, yield and N uptake of silage corn according to quantity of HV cover; HV-removed, 1X-HV, 2X-HV at field of Crop Experiment Station in 1996. HV groM in early spring decreased the mineral N of soil depth 7.5 -22cm before corn seeding. But, killed HV cover increased the concentration of soil mineral N at surface soil (0-7.5cm) up to 45.4mglkg at early growth stage of corn. Dry matter(Dh4) of corn at harvest was lower in W-removed than in Okg FNlha. But DM and N uptake of corn at harvest were increased by quantity of HV-cover increasing liom HV-removed to 2X-HV. Hairy vetch could substitute N fertilizer for silage corn by N mineralized h m HV killed, but reduced early growth and N uptake of corn before silk by reducing soil mineral N of plow layer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird's picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred ($PI483463{\times}Hutcheson$) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from $5^{th}$ June to $23^{rd}$ September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn't influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn't influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to enhance nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and increase mixture levels of broiler excreta by adding of corn meal. Treatments were included non mixture(control), adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and corn meal as a fresh matter basis, respectively. One liter laboratory silos were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The crude fiber, NDF and ADF contents were high in whole crop corn(P(O.Ol), crude protein and crude ash contents were high in the broiler excreta(P<0.05), and NFE content was high in corn meal (P< 0.05). 2. Crude protein content of silage was increased(I'$NH_3$-N contents of silage were markedly increased with increasing levels of broiler excreta and corn meal, and was the highest in the 30% broiler excreta treatment(P$meal$ <0.05), and Flieg's value gains "very good" by showing organic acids. 5. Numbers of total bacteria and lactobacilli were $10^5$ to $10^7$ and $10^5$ to $10^6$ , respectively, and were similar in all treatment. Colliform was all but annihilated in the treatment with mixture of broiler excreta and corn rneal.orn rneal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.450-460
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• 1992

The study was performed to investigate the effect of corn bran as a fiber source on the utilization of thiamin niacin and pantothenic acid in human subjects for 8 weeks. Four different corn bran diets were fed : dry milled fine(DF) dry milled coarse(DC) wet milled fine(WF) and wet milled coarse(WC) Basal diet no corn bran bread added was employed as a control Apparent recovery of each B complex vitamin in urine was estimated to evaluate the vitamin and compared. The utilziation of three B vitamins was affected by the corn bran treatment. Dry milled corn bran had a higher recovery rate of thiamin(dry milled : 233% wet milled : 1.70%) than those receiving wet milled corn bran. Similar recovery pattern of niacin(dry milled : 1.94% wet milled : 1.50%) to that of thiamin was also observed. Particle size seemed to affect the vitamin utilization regardless of type of corn bran. Coarse bran gave a lower recovery value than fine corn bran in genreral. For pantothenic acid the recovery of the vitamin was affected to a greater extent by particle size of corn bran than by type of corn bran milling(fine: 60.22% coarse : 51.51%) Groups consuming wet milled corn bran\ulcorner(5`.57%) excreted more NDF than those fed dry milled corn bran(42.29%) Dry milled corn bran showed little or no water holding capacity poor fecal bulking properties and increased fecal transit time. The results suggest that corn bran supplementation exerts an negative effect on three B vitamin utilization.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1997

Physicohemical properties of corn starches isolated from non-glutinous and corn grains fol-lowing γ-irradiation up to 10kGy were investigated. Blue value, water binding capacity and swelling power decreased, while alkali number ad solubility increased by γ-irradiation , which was more pronounced in glu-tinous corn starch than in non-glutinous corn starch. The optical transmittance increased with an increment of heating temperature and applied irradiation doses. No significant difference was observed in Hunter's color value between both starches isolated from non- irradiated and irradiated and irradiated corn grains. Amylograph viscosities decreased remarkably as dose levels increased. The overall effects of γ-irradiation was more distinguished in glutinous starch than in non-glutinous starch.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2000

The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.