• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

In 1967, cheese was first produced with small scale of mozzarella cheese in Korea. The processed cheese market was highly grown after putting on the market of sliced cheese in the late 1980's, and the various products that complied with well-being trends such as organic and high functional cheese have been produced in the 2000's. The natural cheese opens up a new domestic market after producing camembert and brie cheese in the end of 2004. At present. the cheese market is expanded with differentiated products such as high value added and high functional cheese. The size of domestic cheese market remains about 200 billion won, but it is expected to go over a trillion won on account of growing preference of natural cheese with well-being trends. To promote domestic cheese industry, differentiation policy of raw milk price for cheese, diversification of cheese products, financial support to farm-made cheese industry and automation and processing development to improve productivity should be taken into account in the future in Korea.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1991

우리나라 국민(國民)의 cheese에 대한 기호성(嗜好性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 Cheddar cheese, Mozzarella cheese 및 process cheese에 대한 화학성분(化學成分) 분석(分析), 숙성도(熟成度) 및 관능검사(官能檢査)를 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 총질소(總窒素)는 Cheddar cheese와 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese가 3.75-3.86%로 비슷하게 나타났으나 process cheese는 3.15%, Mozzarella cheese는 3.35%로 낮게 나타났고 5% NaCl 가용성질소(可溶性窒素)는 Cheddar cheese가 3.23%로 가장 높았으며 TCA 가용성질소, SSA 가용성질소(可溶性窒素) 함량(含量) 및 숙성율(熟性率)도 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 2. 전기영동(電氣泳動) 실시(實施) 결과(結果) Cheddar cheese보다는 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese에서 분해도(分解度)가 높았으며 Mozzarella cheese와 process cheese는 분해력(分解力)이 낮게 나타났고 ${\alpha}_{s1}$-caseindl $\beta$-casein보다 분해도(分解度)가 높았다. 3. 관능검사(官能檢査) 결과(結果) 색택(色澤)에 있어서는 Mozzarella cheese 및 process cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 Cheddar cheese는 30-40대(代)와 50-60대(代)에서 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았고 10대(代)와 30-40대(代)에서는 마늘 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese가 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았다. 4. 향취(香臭)는 process cheese와 Mozzarella cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese는 10대(代)에서 기호도(嗜好度)가 높았다. 5. 조직(組織)은 process cheese와 Mozzarella cheese가 전체적으로 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 Cheddar cheese 또한 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았다. 6. 맛은 Mozzarella cheese, process cheese 및 Cheddar cheese가 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으며 향신료(香辛料) 첨가(添加) Cheddar cheese는 30-40대(代)에서 기호성(嗜好性)이 높았으나 10대(代) 및 20대(代)에서 더 높은 taste score가 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Molds cause severe cheese deterioration, even though some white and blue molds are used for the manufacture of Camembert and Blue cheese, respectively. The species of Geotrichum, Moniliella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Phoma, and Cladosporium are the main fungi that affect contamination during cheese ripening. Once deteriorated by fungal spoilage, cheese becomes toxic and inedible. Fungal deterioration of cheese decreases the nutritional value, flavor profiles, physicochemical and organoleptic properties, and increases toxicity and infectious disease. Fungal contamination during cheese ripening is highly damaging to cheese production in Korean farmstead milk processing companies. Therefore, these companies hesitate to develop natural and ripened cheese varieties. This article discusses the recent and ongoing developments in the removal techniques of fungal contamination during cheese ripening. There are 2 categories of antifungal agents: chemical and natural. Major chemical agents are preservatives (propionic acid, sodium propionate, and calcium propionate) and ethanol. Among the natural agents, grapefruit seed extract, phytoncide, essential oils, and garlic have been investigated as natural antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies have shown that antibiotics such as natamycin and Delvocid$^{(R)}$, have antifungal activities for cheese contaminated with fungi. Microbial resources such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacterium, lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi, and bacteriocin are well known as antifungal agents. In addition, ozonization treatment has been reported to inhibit the growth activity of cheese-contaminating fungi.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2012

In this study, consumer preferences toward traditional cheeses were investigated with Tulum cheese sample which is one of the traditional cheeses of Turkey. Type of milk used for Tulum cheese making was identified as the most important factor, followed by Tulum cheese's texture, price, salinity, fat content, origin and flavour. The ideal Tulum cheese profile for the overall consumers was made with cow milk, a hard texture, a price of 20 TL per kg, a low salt cheese, a full fat cheese, the regional cheese which belongs to Izmir region and a mild-flavoured cheese.A cluster analysis revealed there were two clusters with different ideal product profiles. Cluster 1's ideal Tulum cheese comprised a soft texture, a mild-flavoured cheese, a cheese made with cow milk, a full fat cheese, a low salt cheese, the regional cheese which belongs to Izmir region and a price of 10 TL per kg. Cluster 2 differed from cluster 1 in that its ideal Tulum cheese was a hard textured cheese and priced at 20 TL per kg. The consumers in cluster 2 were less price sensitive than those in cluster 1. In addition to, the consumers in both segments are ready to pay extra money for regional Tulum cheese versus non-regional Tulum cheese. We found that the older ones were more willing to pay as compared to younger individuals. Young people are critical target consumers for Tulum cheese marketers. The findings on cluster 1's ideal Tulum cheese of this study could therefore provide guidance to marketing managers.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a novel cheese tofu hybrid product by increasing the calcium content of cheese, an animal protein source, and tofu, a vegetable protein source. Both pH and moisture were lower in the cheese tofu hybrid than those values in the control group (6.03% and 72%, respectively). Protein and fat were slightly higher than in the control (15.43% and 9.91%, respectively). Total bacteria count increased at the end of the product's shelf life, but did not affect its texture. The cheese tofu hybrid displayed stronger a) red, and b) yellow coloration than the control, and its lightness (L) was lower than that of the control. The cheese tofu hybrid possessed high hardness, and displayed high values for gumminess and brittleness. Sensory evaluation by a specialized agency examined consumer preferences, purchase intentions, strengths, and weaknesses of the developed product line. A panel of 30 female volunteers in their 20s and 40s recorded an overall preference for cheese tofu of 5.40 points, fairly good. Cheese tofu was found to be better than the control tofu, with appealing differences in appearance, color, nutty aroma, chewiness, and cheese flavor.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1984

분유와 분유로 제조된 cheese의 미세구조(微細構造)가 전자 현미경(顯微鏡)에 의해서 관찰되었다. 동결건조 분유는 사과모양을 나타내었다. 동결건조 분유로 제조된 cheese는 전형적인 용융 cheese와 비교하여 표면의 구조가 비교적 편편하고 백색의 균일한 침적물을 나타내었다. 도입 분유 역시 동결건조 분유와 거의 유사한 모앙을 나타내었고, 도입분유로 제조된 cheese는 균일한 분산을 나타내나 표면이 약간 거칠고 caseins matrix와 침적물 사이에 공간이 있다. 시판 분유는 건조중 변성된 것으로 불규칙한 변성 응고물의 모양을 나타내었다. 시판분유로 제조된 cheese의 모양은 불규칙하고 작은 침적물과 세공성이 큰 것으로 나타나 분유의 열변성도는 cheese의 세공성을 증가시키는 것으로 보인다. 변성된 단백질은 변성되지 않은 단백질보다 polyphosphate에 의한 단백질 분산성이 덜 효과적인 것으로 보인다. 분유로 제조한 cheese의 내부구조에서 지방구막과 casein micelle이 전형적인 용융 cheese에 비해 아주 근접해있고 casein micelle이 아주 치밀한 양상을 나타내었다. 분유의 용융 기작도 전형 적인 cheese의 용융과는 다른 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Cheese is a nutritious food with various balanced nutrients, such as proteins, peptides, amino acids, fats, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Domestic cheese varieties and quality need to be improved to prevent imported cheese. To develop those cheeses, search for previous works and research for new products are needed. In cheese ripening of hard cheese, such as Cheddar or Parmesan cheese, is ripened for 2 to 24 months at 2 to 16$^{\circ}C$ to develop desired cheese flavor and body characteristics. Long time with low temperature to ripen the cheese requires high expenses. So accelerated cheese ripening is a good potential for saving in industry. Methods for acceleration of cheese ripening are temperature control, addition of bacteria or enzymes. To develop the functionality of cheese, addition of microencapsulated various probiotics and nutrients, such as iron, removal of cholesterol by crosslinked ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, lowering blood cholesterol and serum glucose by nanopowdered functional materials et al. are necessary. Therefore, this review focused on the functionality of cheese, such as the acceleration of cheese ripening, microencapsulated probiotics and iron, and cholesterol removal.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2006

Cheese analogs using lipoxygenase-defected soymilk and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin modified soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared. Color, textural properties, sensory attributes and melting spreadability of cheese analogs were evaluated and compared with mozzarella cheese, and relationships between textural properties, sensory attributes and melting spreadability of cheese analogs were analyzed. Off-flavors were not mostly discriminated. Cheese analogs containing 10% SPI untreated and containing 6% and 8% SPI treated by ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin in ${\Delta}E$ value of color were the most similar to mozzarella cheese. Quality characteristics and melting spreadability of cheese analogs were highly affected and improved by ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin modification. Sensory attributes and melting spreadability of cheese analogs containing 6% SPI treated by ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin were the most similar to mozzarella cheese, while in textural properties, cheese analogs containing 10% SPI were the most similar with mozzarella cheese. Hardness in sensory attributes was highly positively correlated with hardness (r>0.65), adhesiveness (r>0.56), chewiness (r>0.77) and gumminess (r>0.76) in textural properties, while it was highly negatively correlated with melting spreadability (r>-0.68).

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

The study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of Mozzarella cheese analogue generation by using a mixture of soy milk and raw milk and to compare the quality of the resultant cheese with that of Mozzarella cheese manufactured using the traditional method. The mixtures showed increase in protein and decrease in lactose and SNF in a dose-dependent manner with the addition of soy milk. The Mozzarella cheese analogue had lower total solids content than the control cheese product, while the fat content was similar between both. The analogue cheese had lower ash content than the traditionally prepared cheese; the content was proportional to the amount of soy milk in the mixture. Higher soy milk quantities within mixtures also resulted in proportionally higher levels of fat content within analogue cheese. Water-soluble nitrogen content was lower in the analogue cheese than in the control cheese. While the WSN level increased in the control cheese, it was almost constant in the analogue cheese. The control cheese had much higher actual and predicted yield than the analogue cheese, while the analogue cheese had a higher stability level. The control cheese had a higher transfer rate than the analogue cheese, with the exception of lactose. Electrophoresis analysis showed bands for Mozzarella cheese analogues that were present in addition to the normal ${\alpha}$-casein and ${\beta}$-casein bands. Physical characteristic analysis showed that hardness was affected by the addition of soy milk to cheese, while cohesiveness and brittleness were affected by the addition of raw milk, and elasticity was barely affected by milk composition. The meltability of the control cheese was higher than that of the analogue cheese and increased during 30 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Browning, oiling-off, and stretching characteristics were almost identical between the 2 types of cheeses. Sensory evaluation findings showed that the control cheese had much better body texture, appearance, and flavor than the analogue cheese.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.106-120
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 비살균 원유로 제조되고 숙성실에서 60일 이상 숙성된 7가지의 다양한 Gouda 치즈의 미생물학적 안전성을 실험적으로 검증하기 위해서 저장기간 동안에 다양한 미생물학적 변화를 조사하였다. Cheese 1과 2는 전통적인 비살균 Godua 치즈에 있어서는 60일 저장기간 동안 Salmonella spp.는 전혀 검출되지 않았으며, E. coli는 20 day부터는 검출되지 않았다. 대장균군은 Cheese 1에서 40 day부터 검출되지 않았지만, Cheese 2에서는 60 day까지 검출되었다. Cheese 1과 Cheese 2는 비살균 Gouda 치즈이기에 약간의 차이는 있었지만 전반적으로 비슷한 경향을 보였다. Cheese 3(원유에 인위적으로 Salmonella spp.를 오염시킨 후 제조된 비살균 Gouda 치즈), Cheese 4(Cheese 3에서 kefir에서 분리한 DH5 유산균 첨가)와 Cheese 5(Cheese 3에서 kefir에서 분리한 DN1 유산균 첨가)에 있어서는 60일 저장기간 동안 Salmonella spp.의 저해가 관찰되었다. 특히 Cheese 4와 Cheese 5에 추가적으로 첨가된 Kefir에서 분리한 유산균 DH5와 DN1은 Cheese 3보다 유의적으로 Salmonella spp.의 저해를 보였다. Cheese 6(유산균첨가 없이 제조된 비살균 Gouda 치즈)에서는 저장기간이 길어질수록 유산균수가 다른 Cheese들에 비해서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 Cheese 7(살균한 원유로 제조한 전통적인 Gouda 치즈)에 있어서는 대장균 및 대장균군, Salmonella ssp.는 거의 검출되지 않았고, 유산균은 다른 Cheese들보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 60일 숙성된 Cheese 1부터 Cheese 7까지의 모든 샘플에 대한 Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, E. coli O157:H7 검사에서 모두 음성을 보였다. 향후 kefir에서 분리한 유산균 DH5와 DN1의 비살균 원유를 이용한 숙성치즈의 제조에 관한 연구가 필요하겠다. 본 연구에서 Salmonella spp.를 인위적으로 접종한 Cheese 4와 5에서 보여준 Salmonella spp.의 저해 효과는 비살균 원유를 이용한 숙성치즈의 제조에 보다 큰 안전성을 부여할 것이라 사료된다.