• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 1994

Effects of histamine on the ruminal smooth muscle motility of cattle were investigated in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips. In order to these experiments, specimens were obtained from 35 korean native cattles, 3-4 years old, in Kwang-ju area slaughterhouse. Smooth muscle strips of rumen were made from sample, and then measured the isometric contraction with physiograph in $37{^{\circ}C}$ organ bath. The results were as follows : 1. Histamine caused two different types of response(a contraction or a relaxation) on the smooth muscle of cattle rumen. These responses increased in dose dependant manner. 2. Pyrilamine($H_1$-receptor antagonist) completely blocked contraction in all the preparation and converted the response into relaxation. 3. Cimetidine($H_2$-receptor antagonist) completely blocked relaxation in all the preparation and converted the response into contraction. 4. The contraction induced by histamine($10^{-3}M$) was not Mocked by cholinergic, adrenergic blocker or hexamethonium. 5. The contraction induced by histamine($10^{-3}M$) was markedly inhibited in the $Ca^{2+}$ free(or EDTA 2Na) Kreb's solution and by verapamil.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 1996

The survey was performed to provied details about the pattern of bovine brucellosis occurred in Kyunggi province area. The results obtained through the investigations were summarized as follows. Five hundred seventy - three cattle of bovine brucella reactor were occurred in 14 districts among 31 districts in Kyunggi province in 1989-1995. Among them, 370 cattle(64.5% ) were bred in Eastern area(Ichon, Yeju, Kwangju) and 153 cattle(26.7% ) in Southern area(Yongin, Ansung, Peungtack) And the number of farms occurred by bovine brucellosis was 110 ones. When we investigated the occurrance frequency for the 110 farms, the ratio of farms which was brocken out just one time was 67.3a and more than twice was 32.7%. In 573 cattle, 271 cattle were reoccurred in farms which had broken out the bovine brucellosis more than one time. And this survey said the interval of reoccurrance was like this ; within a month 50.2%, within two month 19.2%, within four month 7.4%, within six month 7.4%, within an year 15.1%, within 2 year 7.0%. Brucella abortus was isolated from 38 cattle of the 61 ones cattles, and in type all isolated belong to biotype 1.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.388-394
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• 2012

Cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins which exist in Korean lakes show strong toxicity to fish, cattles and human. In this study, we tried to analyze cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin in the Microcystis cultivation solution using test strip, although the most common analytical methods for the detection of microcystin are HPLC and ELISA. This new anlytical method used the advantages of high specifisity and rapidness of test strip, high sensitivity of fluorescence reader. Therefore, we could analyze the trace amount of microcystin existed in various water samples without using the microcystin standards.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate on the improvement of fertilizing and developing ability of in vitro matured oocytes from individuals of bulls, sperm type, pretreatment of sperm or oocytes obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI). 1. The male pronuclear formation and developmental rates of oocytes obtained by ICSI treated individual of bulls were 73.9%-87.0% and 33.3%-60.9%, respectively. 2. The male pronuclear formation and developmental rates of oocytes obtained by ICSI treated fresh and frozen sperm, tail-cutting and tail-scoring sperm were 82.0%, 78.0%, 42.2%, 51.1% and 56.0%, 42.0%, 17.8%, 22.2% respectively. and these values of fresh sperm injection were higher than that of frozen sperm, tail-cutting and tail-scoring. 3. The male pronuclear formation and developmental rates of oocytes obtained by sperm pretreated heparin, BFF(bovine follicula fluid), His, Ca Ionophore(Ⅰ) and Ⅰ ＋ caffeine methods were 66.7%-82.2% and 33.3%-60.6%, respectively. and these values of treatment of Ⅰ＋ caffeine were higher than that of other methods. 4. The male pronuclear formation and developmental rates of oocytes obtained by ICSI treated with or without zona pellucida were 80.0%, 72.0% and 46.0%, 36.0%, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

Korean native cattles (Han woo) are divided yellow, tiger(blinder), and black by coat color. Chikso has tiger coat color, which cultured about 1,700 heads within Korea. However there were a few researches reported about preservation and production. This study was conducted to investigated that the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dosage(240 mg and 280 mg) on the embryo production, pregnancy and calf birth weights. There were no difference total embryo and transferable embryo between FSH 240 mg or 280 mg treatment, but pregnancy rate was increased 46% in embryos derived from 280 mg group than 240 mg group's 29.6%. The birth weight of Chikso calves was similar between artificial insemination(25.6 kg) and embryo transfer(24.8 kg) groups.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate effects of gonadotropin, age of donor, day of estrus cycle gonadotropin injection started and season on embryo production after superovulation in dairy cattles. Embryo collection records were obtained from 177 embryo donor collections from 98 Holstein cows aged from 3 to 9 years during 4 years(1993~1996) at National Livestock Re-search Institute. Superovulation was induced by injections of 3 gonadotropins(FSH-P, FOLLTROPHIN-v* or SUPER-OV*) beginning on days 9 to 14 of the estrus cycle. Em-bryos were collected from donors using a nonsurgical technique on days 6 to 8 after insemi-nation. The results were as follows ;Number of total and freezable embryos per donor cow was affected by gonadotropin(P<0.01). The more number of total and freezable embryos wereobtained by use of FOLLTROPHIN-V (13.2, 7.4) or FSH-P (11.0, 5.7) than SUPER-OV* (5.0, 2.4). Age of donor, the day that gonadotropin was started or season didn't affect total or freezable embryos(P >0.05).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1980

The status of artificial insemination was surveyed by investigating 20796 heads of adult dairy cattle out of 30464 heads at 1649 dairy farms located Seoul and Gyung-Gi and Chung-Cheong province area, and the results are as follows: 1. There were 286 small farms feeding less than 5 heads occupying 17.3% of total farm number, and 1083 medium sized dairy farms feeding between $6{\sim}20$ heads occupying 65.64% and also 280 large dairy farms feeding more than 21 heads occupying 17.06% of total. 2. Population of cow aging from 2 to 6 years were 87.26% and among 20907 heads of dairy cattles which had calved previously 13196 heads had histories of one to four calving 90.40%. 3. The successful conception rate with first A. I. occupied only 53.43% and 92.4% after third A. I. service. The average A. I. frequency for successful conception per/head was 1.8 times. 4. The breeding status was pregnancy 61.72%, uncertain pregnancy 19.39%, and as physiological vacancy 12.48% and reproductive disorders 10.62%. 5. Among 1264 heads of reproductive disorders 856 heads were clue to ovarian diseases and occupied 68.98% of total disorders and uterus diseases 10.64% and repeat breeders occupied 17.64%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

We examined the teats of slaughtered cattles to investigate the prevalence of papilloma and to detect bovine papilloma virus (BPV) from those samples. Among 880 heads, 432 (49.0%) was Holstein and 448 (51.0%) was Korean native cattle. Grossly, out of 432 heads (Holstein), 263 (60.8%) had papilloma lesions on teats. However, out of 448 heads (Korean native cattle), only 33 (7.4%) had papilloma lesions on teats. Immunohistochemically, BPV antigen was detected in 35 heads (22.9%) of 153 (Holstein) which had papilloma lesions. But, in Korean native cattle, BPV antigen was detected in 1 head (3.8%) of 26. Electronmicroscopically, in Holstein papilloma cases, BPV particles was detected in 31 heads (39.2%) of 79. This study revealed that papilloma was very prevalent in holstein teats, Korea and the prevalence of papilloma in Holstein was 8 times higher than that of Korean native cattle. Moreover, it was needed to consider gross and histopathological lesions to confirm BPV infection on teats because the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy was not high.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

We determined the effects of follicular fluid fractions in the maturation medium on bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development, as well as on number of cells in blastocysts following culture. Follicular fluid and oocytes from bovine follicles less than 5 mm in diameter were collected from the ovaries of slaughtered cows. Follicular fluid was separated into different molecular weight fractions by untrafiltration through a membrane using a centrifuge at 500$\times$g, for 2h. For the maturation medium, follicular fluid fractions (30%, v/v), whole fluid (30%) or PVP(3mg/ml) were added to TCM 199(0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol-17$\beta$, 100IU hCG). After maturation for 24h, oocytes were fertilized in vitro with bull frozen-thawed spermatozoa and cultured on a monolayer of granulosa cells for 9 days after fertilization. There were no differences in maturation rates or fertilization rates among any maturation conditions. The rates of development to >2-cell stage of the oocytes were significantly decreased when fraction of follicular fluid below 10,000 MW were added into maturation medium, compared with control and fraction above 10,000 MW(26.0% vs 40.8% to 64.0%, respectveily. p<0.01). Likewise, the rates of development to blastocysts of fertilized oocytes were significantly decreased in maturation medium containing fraction of follicular fluid (<10,000 MW). The average cell number of blastocysts derived from oocytes that matured in the fraction(>10,000 MW) of follicular fluid was 154.7$\pm$13.7. These embryos contained more cells than those matured in whole follicular fluid, or the fraction(<10, 000 MW) of follicular fluid or control(107.0$\pm$8.4, 91.8$\pm$11.8 and 95.8$\pm$6.2, respectively). In conclusion, we found that fractions of follicular fluid contained factors stimulating or inhibiting oocyte cytoplasmic matruation. These suggest that a factor(s) inducing cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes may exist in >10,000 MW fraction of follicular fluid.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 2004

Cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins which exist in korean lakes show strong toxicity to fish, cattles and human. In this study, we tried to degrade microcystin LR using various chemical oxidants, Chlorine, Potassium permanganate and Hydrogen Peroxide. The detection method for the concentrations of microcystin LR in water samples was Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method using the monoclonal antibody of microcystin. Chlorine degraded microcystin LR effectively at the concentration of 800 pg/mL microcystin LR and 12 ppm chlorine. The reaction took 40 minutes at pH 7. Potassium Permanganate also degraded microcystin LR successfully at the concentration of 2000 pg/mL microcystin LR and 1.2 ppm chlorine. The degradation reaction took 60 minutes at pH 7. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the degradation rate of microcystin LR was very slow because of the slow reaction rate.