• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

울진 해역 경성암반 조하대 대형무척추동물의 생물다양성을 분석하기 위하여, 2010년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 3년간 총 5개 정점을 대상으로 계절별로 연구를 실시하였다. 이 지역에서 대형무척추동물은 총 146종이 출현하였고, 우점 분류군은 연체동물(67종), 절지동물(27종)로, 절지동물(6,468개체), 연체동물(1,098개체), 극피동물(584개체) 순으로 총 8,688개체가 출현하였다. 계절별 조사 시 여름철에 총 96종, 2,525개체가 출현하여 가장 높았고, 정점별 조사에서는 정점 4에서 가장 많은 출현종수에 가장 낮은 개체수를 보였으며(81종, 1,377개체수), 정점 3에서 가장 낮은 출현종수에 가장 높은 개체수가 출현하였다(45종, 2,213개체수). 이러한 결과는 다양도와 균등도에서는 복족류가 풍부도 측면에서는 따개비류가 큰 영향을 준 것으로 나타났으며, 정점 3에서 따개비류가 83.4%의 비율로 다른 정점에 비해 최고 2배 이상 차이를 보여 따개비류가 서식하기 좋은 환경으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

An arthropod community in a rice ecosystem was surveyed to determine the impact of two insecticides frequently used in Korean rice ecosystems: carbofuran 3GR, which targets the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the early season and fenobucarb EC, which targets the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens ($St{\aa}l$) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the mid- and late seasons, respectively. Overall, the application of the insecticides reduced density of total arthropods by 48.4% compared to the untreated field, but their impact on each functional group were different. Carbofuran GR treatment on 1 June reduced the L. oryzophilus population significantly until mid-season. The population of filterfeeding chironomids was also reduced by 50%, whereas the spider population was less disturbed. Fenobucarb EC treatment on 16 August significantly reduced N. lugens and detrivorous entomobryid populations until the late season. Both web-building and wandering spiders were also significantly disturbed by fenobucarb EC although the impact differed according to their behavioral differences. While the population of web-building spiders significantly decreased over time, that of wandering spiders recovered from the disturbance a few weeks later.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

Organophosphate pesticides inhibit cholinesterase. It is likely that application of organophosphate pesticides affect behavior of arthropods. This study aimed to find changes in foraging behavior of ants due to application of fenitrothion, one of the widely used organophosphate pesticides. Foraging activity (FA) of ants was observed using bait cards in a pesticide sprayed pine stand and in an unsprayed stand before and after aerial application of fenitrothion in 2003 and 2004. Ant abundance and species richness of ants were also monitored using pitfall traps during the activity season in 2003 and 2004. There was not a significant decrease in abundance and species richness after the application of fenitrothion. However, FA of an ant, Paratrechina flavipes (Smith), which was abundant enough to be statistically compared, was depressed from 2 hours to 10 days after application of the pesticide. FA was fully recovered at day 14 in 2003, and was partially recovered at day 18 and fully at day 31 in 2004. FA of other ant species also decreased significantly during the FA depression period of P. flavipes. On the bait cards, workers of the species responded dully to baits during the FA depression period. Despite the decline in activity, alertness of P. flavipes to other species did not decrease even during the FA depression period.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2016

Horsehair or gordian worms (Nematomorpha) were identified with 22 genera (Gordiida) and 5 marine species (Nectonema) until now. During juvenile phase in development, they gain parasitic activity in arthropods. In this study, a gordian worm was detected in the feces of a dog living in Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Using this worm, we evaluated the morphological characteristics by light microscopic analysis. Furthermore, the morphological classification was re-evaluated by scanning and transverse electron microscopes. The worm was determined that it is male adult having a bi-lobed tail and male gonads in cross sections. Based on the morphological characteristics including cross sections of body and areole on the cuticle, the parasite was also identified as Gordius sp. (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

The success of sericulture industry in India is mainly attributed to the well-planned annual sericultural activity and the systematic implementation of pest preventive and control measures. The insect spectrum of silkworm and its food plants is complex and plays a major role in limiting the production of silk. Insects cause extensive damage to plant whereas predators and parasites either kill the silkworm larvae or force them to spin flimsy cocoons. Unilateral control measure against this pest is mainly based on the use of synthetic organic insecticides. Though these approaches initially paid rich dividends, the undesirable consequences soon surfaced. Insecticide induced resurgence of gall midges, leafhopper, leaf roller, secondary pest out breaks and development of pest biotypes has led to realization of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Various components of IPM, viz. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control, chemical control and integrating them at various technological levels have been studied. Sources of host plant resistance have been identified for some of the major insect pests. High yielding mulberry variety has been propagated and their resistances towards major pests have been recorded. Cultural practices like pruning, pollarding, judicious use of nitrogen, optimum spacing and weed management have preyed to be the powerful tools in containing pests. Natural control over the pest population build- up exerted by the wide range of parasitoids, predators and pathogens has been well documented with identification of natural enemies and studies on their potential. Augmentation, through inoculation or inundative releases of parasitic arthropods, is the most direct way of increasing the numbers of these beneficials in sericulture.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2010

Medically important arthropods, including fleas, play an important role in causing clinical disorders and disease in man and domestic animals. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal flea infestations for domestic dogs from different geographic regions of Iran. A total of 407 fleas, belonging to 5 different species, were recovered from 83 domestic dogs from 3 regions. There was a distinctive pattern of species distribution and infestations with the highest infestation rates observed in a temperate climate and higher rainfall. Additionally, fleas were observed over all seasons, except February and March, with the highest infestation rate observed in August (24.7%) and the lowest rate in January (1.7%). They also parasitize dogs with a different spectrum of species. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (67.5%), exhibited the highest prevalence among all flea species found on dogs. Thus, climatic conditions and seasonal patterns impact on flea infestation and must be considered in developing control programs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.375-384
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• 1997

The effects of three different irrigating water qualities(clean water, life sewage and animal sewage) on the pattern of arthropod communities in the rice fields were investigated at Banwol, Kyonggi-do, mid-western part of Korea from 1994 to 1996. The total density of arthropod was highest in the rice field which was irrigated with clean water(clean water field), and the arthropod community was mainly composed of aphids and collembolans. Each functional group was found in the order of 'pests>non-pests>natural enemies' in its density. The dominant taxa in the pest group were aphids, planthoppers(Delphacidae), leafhoppers(Cicadelidae) and rice water weevil(L. oryzophilus). In the non-pest group collembolans, non-biting midges and dipterans were main arthropods, and in the natural enemy group Araneae was the dominant taxon. In the early growth stage of rice plant the dominant functional group was pests, and in the mid growth stage both the pest and the natural enemy group became dominant. But in the late growth stage none of the functional group was dominant over the other functional groups. The densities of spiders were much more higher in the clean water field than in the other fields. And through all the growth stages of rice plants the density of spiders in clean water field kept increase in contrast to the others. The species composition of spiders in the life sewage field was similar to that in the animal sewage field, but in the clean water field it was different from the other two fields.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2007

A cellulase (endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucanase(E.C.3.2.1.4)) was isolated from the hepatopancreas of abalone Haliotis discus hannai by EST analysis. The abalone cellulase named HdEG compassed 1977 bp, including 195 bp in the 5'untranslated region, 1680 bp in the open reading frame which encodes 560 amino acid residues, and 92 bp in the 3'-untranslated region. The C-terminal region of the HdEG showed 44-52% identity to the catalytic domains of glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GHF9)-cellulases from arthropods and bacteria. The recombinant cellulase, pEHdEG was produced in E. coli with being fused with C-terminal His-tag. The expressed protein showed a single band (~62 kDa) on Western blotting which was consistent with the value (61,878 Da) calculated from the DNA sequence.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1995

잣나부 인공조임지의 식생과 임상 토질에 서식하는 날개응애류의 군집지수를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 종다양도의 Shannon-Wiener index와 균등도지수는 조임년수가 경과할수톡 낮아지는 경향이었으며 1월에 최고치를, 9月에 최저치를 나타냈다. 종풍부경지수는 6월에 최고치를 5月에 최저치를 나타냈다. 우점도지수는 조림연수가 경과할수록 증가하는 경향이고, 4월과 5월에 최고치를, 1월에 최저치를 나타냈다. 집중도지수는 평균 1.9로서 집중분포를 나타냈으며, 조림연수가 경과할수록 증가하는 경향이고, 4월과 8월에 최고치를 1월에 최저치를 나타냈다. 군집지수간의 상관관계에 있어서는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었으며 풍부도지수와 Shannon-Wiener, 균등도지수는 I정의 상관관계가 우점도, 집중도지수와 Shannon-Wiener, 균등도, 풍부도지수는 부의상관 관계가 인정되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1989

본 실험은 나이가 다른 잣나무조림지에서의 토중 톡톡이 군집의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 조림후 1~2년된 지역에서 11~12년된 지역을 1986년 7월부터 1987년 6월까지 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전체적인 톡톡이군집?조는 각종에 따라 심한 집중분포현상을 나타내고 있고, 동일종도 지역에 따라 다른 분포양식을 나타낸다. 조림연도별 군집구조는 조림연도가 오랠수록 종다양도가 높아지고, 밀도와 종자도 안정되어 있었다. 조림후 2년이 지난 1985년조림지에서는 동경사면인 I구가 서면사면인 II구보다 종다양도가 높았다. 계절적 군집구조는 온도가 높은 8월과 유기물함량이 가장 많은 10월에 밀도와 종류가 높은데 이는 톡톡이군의 활동이 온도, 습도, 유기물량에 형향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.