• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2016

In this study, Green apple from Mungyeong area was used as material in the fermentation process. In apple fruit growing process, to produce a high quality apple fruit, some Green apple should be removed. Since the removed Green apple fruit is inedible, it doesn't have any economical value. To solve this problem, this paper proposed fermentation process to increase the economical value of raw apple as a fermentation product. This research conducted seven days, and the pH and brix value analysis was done every 12 hours during fermentation process. The experimental results show that the fermentation product under blender treatment is better than cutting treatment and without cutting treatment. Initial brix 25% is the best treatment for fermentation because produce fermentation product with a good taste and aroma than other treatment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2001

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of the browning inhibitors such as PVPP(polyvinylpoly-pyrrolidone), A.A.(ascorbic acid) on nonezymatic browning factors [free sugar, total amino acid, organic acid, A.A., HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural)] and enzymatic browning factors [PRO (polyphenoloxidase) activity, polyphenol compounds] in concentrated apple juice during 90 days storage. Considering color value (L value, $\Delta$E), absorbance at 420 nm, concentrated apple juice during 90 days storage. Considering color the effect of browning inhibition. According to the storage period, the changes of nonenzymatic factors in concentrated apple juice added with browning inhibitors were similar to those in control (concentrated apple juice without browning inhibitors), which were the decreased of sucrose(0.24~0.35% at 90 days), the slight increase of glucose and fructose, the decrease of total amino acid (530.4~573.1 mg/10g at 90 days), same value of A.A. at 90 days (38.5~78.6 mg/100g), and the increase of HMF (27.8~30.6 mg/100g at 90 days). On the contrary, enzymatic browning factors were significantly inhibited in concentrated apple juice added with PVPP, judging from the slow increase of PRO activity and the significant decrease of initial value in polyphenol compounds (especially chlorogenic acid). These results suggest that PVPP plays an important role as enzymatic browning inhibitor, that is, a scavenger of polyphenol compounds by adsorption in concentrated apple juice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1972

This experiment was conducted to observe the changes of composition of atmosphere in storage room by controlled ventilation under normal and sub-atmospheric conditions, and the biochemical changes in apple texture under these conditions. The results were as follows; 1) By controlled ventilation, concentration of carbon dioxide in storage room was optionally regulated and constantly maintained. 2) Among compositions of internal atmosphere of apple, especially, concentration of ethylene was much decreased at apple stored under sub-atmospheric condition than that stored under normal atmospheric condition. 3) Acidity of apple stored under sub-atmospheric condition was much greater than that of apple stored under normal atmospheric condition. 4) Respiratory quotients of apple, which was stored under normal and sub-atmospheric conditions, were shown to be high. But decarboxylation of added pyruvate was found more active in slices prepared from apple stored under sub-atmospheric condition.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

최근 발표되었던 폐쇄적인 Apple의 새로운 Software Development Kit(SDK) 정책으로 인해 Adobe가 자사의 소프트웨어를 사용한 AppStore의 애플리케이션 개발이 불가능해지자 반독점행위라고 주장하게 되었고 Department of Justice(DOJ)와 Fair Trade Commission(FTC)에 반독점행위 여부를 조사해 줄 것을 요청했던 바 있었다. 1998년에 있었던 Microsoft의 반독점 소송과 비교하면서 Apple이 스마트폰 시장을 독점하려 한다는 주장도 있으나 본질적인 내용에 있어서 분명한 차이가 있으며 과연 Apple의 선택적인 iPhone과 iPad용 애플리케이션 개발프로그램 지정이 반독점적인 상황인지는 따져볼 필요가 있다. 스마트폰 시장의 양면시장적 성격 때문에 시장획정을 어떻게 하든 Apple의 iPhone이 휴대전화시장 또는 스마트폰 시장에서 독과점적 지위를 갖지는 않을 수 있지만 애플리케이션 스토어 시장에서 시장지배적 지위를 갖는 것으로 간주할 수도 있기 때문에 반독점적 성격이 전혀 없다고 보기도 어려운 상황이었다. 그러나 지난 9월 Apple은 자발적으로 SDK개방정책을 새롭게 발표하게 되었고 이는 시장에서 상당히 긍정적인 결과로 받아들여지고 있다. DOJ, FTC 등 미국의 규제기관들이 성급하게 끼어들기 보다는 시간을 두고 사업자들의 상호작용을 지켜보면서 시장실패가 존재하는지를 파악하고 소비자의 이해관계에 해가 되는지를 면밀하게 검토하는 신중함을 보인 부분에 대해서는 상당히 바람직하다고 할 수 있겠다. 무엇보다 중요한 것은 Adobe가 소비자와 개발자들의 선택의 자유를 표방하면서 Apple을 공격하고 있지만 객관적인 관점에서 Apple이 반독점적 행위를 하고 있는지, 그 행위에 의한 피해를 플랫폼의 양쪽에 있는 개발자와 소비자들이 겪게 되어 시장의 실패가 존재하는지에 대한 종합적 분석에 근거한 결론이 필요하다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2023

The effectiveness of plant-based attractants was studied using large traps, which attracted relatively more snails in agricultural water drainage ditches and rice-cultivating environments, although their effectiveness in rice fields and lakes was limited. The rate began to rise after three hours of observation. Watermelon peel exhibited the highest apple snail attraction rate (13.8%), followed by potatoes (10.0%), and apple peel (8.8%). These values significantly differed from the attraction rate attributed to papaya leaves (F=3.84; P=0.0387). After 24 h, watermelon peel and apple peel indicated a higher rate of attraction (23.4% and 21.7%, respectively), which were significantly different compared with those of papaya leaves and potatoes (F=9.94; P=0.00455). Large bait traps outperformed funnel traps in capturing golden apple snails and trapped a significant number of snails measuring over 1 cm in size. Watermelon peel was the most effective attractant for a large bait trap, followed by apple peel, potatoes, and papaya leaves. On average, 110 snails were captured in the lure net. However, potatoes, apple peels, and papaya leaves caught an average of 93, 80, and 79 snails, respectively. Among the attractants, the lure effect of the snails was not significantly different. The efficiency of large bait traps in capturing snails, regardless of the plant attractant employed, followed the order: apple peel > watermelon peel and potatoes > papaya leaves > melon > Korean melon. Watermelon peel is highly recommended for farmer use, as well as apple peel and potatoes. Utilizing these snail attractants may contribute positively to developing a safe and environment-friendly integrated pest management strategy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2002

In this study, three different experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of apple pomace produced in southern areas of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The effects of combining apple pomace in different ratios with commercial concentrates and rice straw in the diets of Korean native goats (Capra hircus) were examined. In experiment I, in situ DM and CP disappearances from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of goats showed that greater amounts of DM and CP were released from apple pomace than those from concentrates at the later stages of incubation, but only after 48 h for DM and CP, respectively. This was reflected in the higher 'b' value of the slowly degradable fraction of the apple pomace compared to the concentrates. Prior to these times the trend was reversed. In experiment II, Korean native goats were fed a diet containing apple pomace with either rice straw or rice straw and concentrates, and the in vivo nutrient digestibilities compared to animals receiving an alfalfa hay. DM digestibility in the animals given apple pomace plus concentrates with rice straw (66.86%) were similar to the goats given alfalfa hay only (69.09%) but significantly greater than for a diet of rice straw plus concentrates. In experiment III, an in vivo study was conducted to investigate the inclusion of 30 to 60% apple pomace pre-mixed with rice straw, rice bran and concentrates on the nutritional value for Korean native goats. Apple pomace mixed diets had higher DM intakes, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention than diets without apple pomace, which may have been due to the higher non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and less ADF and NDF than those in other treatments. Replacement of concentrates with apple pomace in rice straw based diets of Korean native goats fed either separately (experiment II) or by pre-mixing (experiment III) gave satisfactory feed intake, digestibility, pH of ruminal fluid and production of $NH_3$-N and VFA in the rumen of goats. The results of this study infer that apple pomace can be included at levels of up to 60% in the diets of goats without dramatic effect on the animal.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

Crab apple cultivars, 'Maypole', 'Tuscan', and 'Manchurian', were evaluated as potential pollinizers of major apple cultivars, 'Fuji', 'Hongro', and 'Tsugaru', cultivated in high-density apple orchard systems. Numerous cultivar characteristics, including blooming time, pollen germination, fruit set, disease and pest resistance, and self-incompatibility, were examined. The blooming times of both 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' ranged from April 19 to May 5, which was 2-4 days earlier than those of the major commercial apple cultivars. PCR analysis did not reveal the presence of any of the S-alleles (S1, S3, S7, or S9) identified in major commercial apple cultivars. In addition, the percentage of the fruit set was high after trees were artificially fertilized with crab apple pollen. Artificially cross-pollinated fruits were of similar or higher quality than open-pollinated fruits. They also demonstrated resistance to apple blotch, sooty blotch, and fly speck. The results indicate that the two crab apples, 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' would be potential candidates for pollinizers of major apple cultivars in Korea. Use of the pollen of these crap apples in commercial production will improve fruit quality and promote sustainable and robust fruit production.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2018

1992년부터 2010년까지 경북 군위를 비롯한 사과 주산지 8개 지역에서 사과의 잎에 발병하는 병의 발생상황을 조사하였다. 사과의 잎에 발병하는 주요 병은 붉은별무늬병, 잿빛곰팡이병, 점무늬낙엽병, 갈색무늬병이였다. 지난 19년간 사과 잎에 발병하는 병의 발생양상은 상당히 많이 변해왔는데, 1990년대 초반, 발생이 많아 문제가 되었던 붉은별무늬병, 검은별무늬병은 1990년대 후반 이후 발생이 감소하거나 발생하지 않았다. 잿빛곰팡이병은 일부 과원에 따라 발병이 관찰되었으며, 점무늬낙엽병과 갈색무늬병의 발병은 지속적으로 발병이 관찰되었다. 병해발생상황은 기상조건, 재배조건 및 방식, 약제 살포 체계 등 다양한 요인에 의해 변화한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 병해들의 발생상황의 변화에 대한 조사는 장기적이고 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2003

일반 시판 개량메주 이외에 Aspergillus속 균주로 생산된 곰팡이성 개량메주 및 Bacillus속 균주로 생산된 세균성 개량메주로 각각 담금한 사과고추장의 숙성중 품질 특성에 대해 조사하였다. 총유리당 함량은 사과고추장(II)가 발효 10주에 22.43%로 가장 높았으며, 사과고추장(III)은 유리당의 구성에서 glucose비율이 현저히 높았다. 총 유리 아미노산 함량은 사과고추장(I)에서 107.53~401.52 mg%, 사과고추장(II)에서 108.69~441.19 mg% 사과고추장(III)에서 106.82~423.28 mg%였으며, aspartic acid와 glutamic acid가 높은 비율이었다. 견고성과 부착성은 사과고추장(I)에서 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 거침성은 3종의 사과고추장간에 차이가 거의 없었다. 사과고추장의 맛이나 색상에 대해서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 향 및 전반적인 기호도는 사과고추장(III)에서 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2019

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.