• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.744-755
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• 2022

This study sought to verify the shopping values that tourists pursue by purchasing at travel destinations based on tourists' motivation and identify the effects of these values on the types of fashion items preferred by tourists. Furthermore, this study verified the tourist shopping behavior of three Asian countries-Korea, China, and Japan-from a cross-cultural perspective. To obtain a sample that represents tourist shoppers in each country, a survey was conducted on adult men and women in their 20s to 60s, and 986 subjects were collected: 300 Koreans, 385 Chinese, and 301 Japanese. Factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multigroup SEM were performed on the collected data using SPSS Statistics and AMOS. Based on escaping-seeking theory, tourist intentions were divided into escaping and seeking motivations, and tourist shopping values were divided into functional, emotional, and social. The shopping items were divided into materials and experiential goods to understand the difference between the types preferred by tourists according to the perceived value. In addition, differences in tourist shopping behaviors according to the three nationalities were identified. The findings illustrate that the escaping motive affects emotional and social values, whereas the seeking motive affects all three. Moreover, it was confirmed that functional and emotional values affect preference for material and experiential goods, but social value only affects preference for material goods. For the cross-cultural study, differences in tourist shopping behavior according to nationality were identified.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2023

Background: Complete surgical excision is the only curative treatment for primary cardiac tumors. For wide excision, interatrial septal reconstruction (ISR) is commonly performed. We hypothesized that ISR may increase the risk of postoperative atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) after surgical resection of cardiac myxoma. Methods: After excluding patients with a history of cardiac surgery and concomitant procedures unrelated to tumor resection and those with AT or permanent pacemakers, we finally enrolled 272 adult patients who underwent benign cardiac tumor surgery from 1995 to 2021 at our institution. They were divided into the ISR (n=184) and non-ISR (n=88) groups. The primary outcome was postoperative new-onset AT. Results: The study cohort predominantly consisted of women (66.2%), with a mean age of 57.2±13.6 years. The incidence of postoperative new-onset AT was 15.4%. No 30-day mortality or recurrence was observed. The cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time were significantly longer in the ISR group than in the non-ISR group (p<0.001). The median duration of hospital stay of all patients was 6.0 days (interquartile range, 5.0-7.0 days), and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups (p=0.329). ISR was not an independent predictor of new-onset AT (p=0.248). Male sex and hypertension were found to be independent predictors of new-onset AT. Conclusion: ISR was not a significant predictor of postoperative new-onset AT. ISR might be a feasible and safe procedure for surgical resection of cardiac myxoma and should be considered if needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2024

Background: Sutureless aortic valves may enable shorter procedure times, which benefits patients with elevated surgical risk. We describe the outcomes of patients with aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) using the sutureless Perceval aortic bioprosthesis. Methods: Data from a retrospective cohort were obtained from a clinical database. The study enrolled patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent surgical AVR with a sutureless bioprosthesis between August 2015 and December 2020. In total, 113 patients were included (mean age, 75.3±8.4 years; 57.5% women; median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, 9.7%; mean follow-up period, 51.19±20.6 months). Of these patients, 41 were octogenarians (36.2%) and 3 were nonagenarians (2.6%). Transthoracic echocardiography was employed to assess changes in ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and mean pressure gradient (MPG). Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.6%, and 13 patients developed new-onset atrial fibrillation. A permanent pacemaker was implanted in 3 patients (2.6%). The median intensive care unit stay was 1 day (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2 days), and the median hospital stay was 12 days (IQR, 9.5-15 days). The overall survival rate at 5 years was 95.9%. LVMI and MPG were reduced postoperatively, while EF increased over the follow-up period. No structural valve deterioration was observed, and no meaningful paravalvular leakage developed during follow-up. Conclusion: The use of a sutureless valve in the aortic position is safe and feasible, even for high-risk elderly patients requiring surgical AVR. LVMI and MPG decreased postoperatively, while EF increased over the follow-up period.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.42-55
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the contents of department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumer on information source, shopping orientation and store image in an effort to determine which variable gave a crucial impact on cosmetics department stores and large-scale discount stores selection behavior. The subjects of this study were 557 adult women visited department store and large-scale discount store in Busan. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Frequency analysis, Correlation analysis, Cronabach $\alpha$ and Regression analysis. The results were as follows; 1. There was a difference in the demographical characteristics on department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumers. 2. Shopping Orientation of consumers were categorized into 5 types, and information source of consumers did 3 types, and store image of consumers did 5 types. 3. Leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had positive correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. but convenient location, rationality & economy and sales promotion had negative correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. 4. Rationality & economy and sales promotion had positive correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. but convenient location, leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had negative correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. 5. Age, income, business(-), convenient location(-), rationality & economy(-), leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, store atmosphere & salesperson, shopping convenience and sales promotion(-) had a direct effect on cosmetics department stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on department stores selection beavior through information source and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image. 6. Rationality & economy, convenient location(-), leisure utilization(-), store & brand loyalty(-), buying independence(-), personal information, massmedia information(-), product & operate on(-), shopping convenience(-) and sales promotion had a direct effect on cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on large-scale discount stores selection beavior through information source, shopping orientation and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.211-234
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• 1999

The purpose of this article was to get hold of adolescent's needs for sex knowledge and to reveal their understanding of sex. These results may be applied to the sex education and counselling for adolescent. The participants of study were 267 students (females, 144 ; males, 123) who were the first and second grade form 1 middle and 2 high schools. They were asked to describe 3 questions that they wanted to know or to learn about sex. Their questions about sex were total 779(girls, subtotal 456, mean 3.2, boys, subtotal 323, mean, 2.6). These questions categorized to 9 items by content analysis. The items were ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency(229, 29.4%)’ , ‘anatomy and physiology of reproductive system(140, 18.0%)’, ‘reproduction(131, 16.8%)’, ‘concept of sex(31, 4.0%)’, ‘acquaintance between the other sexes(17, 2.2%)’, and ‘the others(9, 1.2%)’ in order of frequency. The most frequent item that the student want to know or team about sex was ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency’ except girls of sophomore in middle school. There were several features in participants' needs for sex knowledge as respects of the understanding of sex- biological sex, gender, and sexuality. The prominent feature in knowledge need of bio logical sex was that the participants had the interests according to their biological sex. They had the negative attitude to the phenomenons (ex, menstruation and pregnancy, phimosiectomy, etc) that they experienced or would experience due to their biological sex. A part of them asked the questions based the misconceptions and used the slangs or ‘××’, ect. to name the male or female genitalia. The male students wanted to know the female genitalia. The participants' understanding of gender reflected the sexism of our society, but they didn't accept and had doubts about the dual, hierarchical structure of that. The students, especially female seemed to be powerless to the harms of the sexual violence. Girls had much interest in their appearances and complained to our sexual culture that women comforted and served men. The participants had the dual perspective that the sexuality as respects of physiologic phenomenon was considered as natural but that as related to heterosexuals was as negative. And they deemed that men's sexual drive was stronger than women's and was difficult or was not able to be inhibited. They had much interests in homosexuality but reflected the negative attitude to that in our society. Adolescent felt wonder why the expressions of sexuality of adult were permitted but theirs were not. Lastly, a part of boys substituted querying the sexuality of animals for asking that of human. Maybe it was because of the embarrassment to talk about human's sexuality directly. The teenaged participants understood that the sex had not only the biological meanings but also the sociocultural meanings. They regarded the sex as natural and wanted to know it, but they had conceptions that it was difficult and embarrass to talk about it openly and directly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Perceived exertion involves detection and interpretation of sensations arising from the body during physical exercise. Physiological variables such as heart rate and oxygen consumption positively correlate with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). It is unknown whether the accuracy of predicting exercise intensity from RPE differs between men and women. Therefore, it was examined whether men or women could predict relative exercise intensity, determined by oxygen consumption, more accurately from RPE. Ten male and ten female young adult subjects aged 25.1${\pm}$3.52 yr volunteered to participate. RPE were determined by the Borg 15-category scale, and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol was used to perform graded exercise testing. There was no significant difference in slope means between males and females (p=0.501). No significant difference was observed when plotting rates of perceived exertion (RPE) vs. percentage of $VO_2$ max. The relative maximal oxygen consumptions ($VO_{2max,\;}_{rel}$) were 52.36${\pm}$7.35 ml/kg/min for males and 41.44${\pm}$6.71 ml/kg/min for females, respectively and there was a significantly high difference between the two groups in the relative $VO_{2max}$, as well as figures of 4.05${\pm}$0.36 l/min for males and 2.53${\pm}$0.39 l/min for females in the absolute $VO_{2max}$ in this study. There were no significant differences in slope, y-intercept, and standard error of estimate (SEE) between males and females. No significant difference with RPE according to exercise intensity was found between males and females. However, RPE was a useful predictor of exercise intensity in independent genders.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.646-657
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and is also useful for verifying the validities of dietary evaluation tools. In this study, we compared the accuracy of total energy intakes (TEI) estimated by the 24-h diet recall method with TEE obtained using the doubly labeled water method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study involved 71 subjects aged 20-49 yrs. Over a 14-day period, three 24-h diet recalls per subject (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) were used to estimate energy intakes, while TEE was measured using the DLW method. The paired t-test was used to determine the significance of differences between TEI and TEE results, and the accuracy of the 24-h recall method was determined by accuracy predictions percentage, root mean square error, and bias. RESULTS: Average study subject age was 33.4 ± 8.6 yrs. The association between TEI and TEE was positive and significant (r = 0.463, P < 0.001), and the difference between TEI (2,084.3 ± 684.2 kcal/day) and TEE (2,401.7 ± 480.3 kcal/day) was also significant (P < 0.001). In all study subjects, mean TEI was 12.0% (307.5 ± 629.3 kcal/day) less than mean TEE, and 12.2% (349.4 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in men and 11.8% (266.7 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in women. Rates of TEI underprediction for all study subjects, men, and women, were 60.5%, 51.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that 24-h diet recall underreports energy intakes. More research is needed to corroborate our findings and evaluate the accuracy of 24-h recall with respect to additional demographics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyzes the association between depression, emotional eating, and dietary practices, and investigates the mediating effects of emotional eating between depression and dietary practice. Methods: A total of 345 women aged 40-59 years participated in the Seoul and Gyeonggido region. Assessments were achieved by self-reported questionnaires for emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), Nutrition Quotients (NQ), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Results: Analyzing the NQ scores by considering the depression group, revealed that compared to the normal group, balance, diversity, and eating behavior scores were lower in the depression group, whereas the moderation score was lower in the borderline depression group and depression group. The emotional eating scores were determined to be higher in the depression group than in the normal group. Partial correlation analysis between depression, emotional eating, and NQ revealed that depression is positively correlated with emotional eating and negatively correlated with all other factors of the nutrition quotient, balance, diversity, moderation, and eating behavior. Among the nutrition quotient factors considered, emotional eating was determined to be negatively correlated with both diversity and moderation. The bootstrapping method was applied to analyze the mediating effect of emotional eating for determining the association between depression and NQ. Results indicate that among the nutrition quotient factors evaluated using emotional eating as a medium, depression exerted a negative effect on moderation. Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that emotional eating, as a medium, affects the intake of unhealthy foods especially when depression is associated with dietary practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1035-1042
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium intake on serum lipids and glucose. 20 young adult women were fed the diets containing 290.5 mEq (high-Na diet) and 51.3 mEq (low-Na diets) Na for 6 days, respectively. Serum lipids, glucose, and other parameters after high-Na diet and low-Na diet were compared. The results would be summarized as follows. The mean age, body weight, height, and blood pressure of the subjects were 22.9$\pm$2.5 years,54.7+6.6 kg, 160.0$\pm$4.8 cm, 110.3$\pm$7.7/67.5$\pm$19.7 mmHg, respectively. Body weight, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher at the end of high-Na diet than of low-Na diet (p<0.001 p<0.001, p<0.05). However, there were not significantly different in height and systolic blood pressure between high- and low-Na diet. Serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly different with Na intakes. Serum triglyceride was significantly higher at the end of high-Na diet than of low- Na diet (p<0.05) Serum apo A-I was significantly decreased in low-Na diet, while apo B was increased (p<0.001, p<0.001). Thrombin time and prothrombin time, blood aggregation time were significantly faster following low-Na diet (p<0.001, p<0.05). There was not significantly different in serum glucose between high- and low-Na diet. However, serum insulin was significantly higher following low-Na diet (p<0.01). It is concluded that diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, serum apo A-I, blood aggregation time were decreased in low-Na diet, while serum apo B and serum insulin were increased. These results suggest that Na-restricted diet affects not only blood Pressure but other biochemical parameters in blood. Therefore, for the patients who need restricted Na diet, it would be suggested that various biochemical changes should be carefully considered along with dietary Na manipulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.290-307
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• 2011

Acrolein is highly toxic and may be formed from carbohydrates, vegetable oils, animal fats and amino acids during heating of food. In the present study, we investigated adults' intake level of cooked meat using high temperature cooking method such as pan frying or grilling directly over an open flame and indirect fire using pan. The 925 adults (438 men and 487 women) participated in this nationwide survey. According to the result of frequency intake of cooked meat at high temperature, the most frequently consumed cooked meat at high temperature was fried chicken, followed by indirect cooking-samgeybsal and directly grilled fish and mackerel pike among twenty five kinds of cooked meats and foods, which were eaten more than three times per month. The woman consumed direct grilled fish and mackerel pike more than three times per month, while the man consumed samgeybsal, pork cutlet, and fried chicken once per week. The order of total intake amount of cooked meat per adult for a year is 10.3 kg of fried chicken (man 13.1 kg, woman 8.04 kg), 6.7 kg of samgeybsal (man 9.4 kg, woman 4.7 kg) and 5.1 kg of jeyukbockeum (man 7.0 kg, woman 3.6 kg). The results of present study suggest that adult must realize the risk of consuming cooked meat at high temperature and the need for education for proper dietary habit to prevent geriatric diseases.