• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dual-task training with cognitive effort on the walking and balance functions of chronic stroke patients. The study included 14 chronic stroke patients, who were randomly divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), each with 7 patients. The EG performed the dual-task training with cognitive effort 3 times a week, 30 minutes for 4 weeks, where as the CG performed single-task training three times a week, for 30 minutes for 4 weeks. Outcome assessments were made with 10 m walk test, timed up and go test, 6 minutes walk test, and Berg balance scale. In within-group comparison, subjects from the EG showed significant differences in all variables (p<.05), while subjects from the CG showed only significant differences in 6 minutes walk test, and Berg balance scale (p<.05). Further, there was significant difference in the improvement rate of 10 m walk test. The findings suggest that the dual-task with cognitive effort may be beneficial for improving walking and balance functions of patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in stroke patients and to compare characteristics of different rating scales - Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (HAD.D)- with regard to diagnosis and severity assessment for post-stroke depression. Methods: Participants included 44 stroke patients who could communicate. At admission, all study participants received a semi-structured interview using the HDRS and a self-completed questionnaire using the BDI and the HAD-D. Pearson's correlation method was used to examine associations among the three depression scales. The BDI and HAD-D were compared based on HDRS criteria, and the sensitivity and specificity using cut-off values were analyzed. Results: The HDRS showed that 52.30% of stroke patients had depressive symptoms on the BDI and HAD-D it was 59.10%. The HDRS correlated significantly with the BDI (r=0.81, p<0.01) and HAD-D (r=0.55, p<0.01). The BDI correlated significantly with HADS (r=0.50, p<0.01). After calculating the area under the ROC curve to decide on HDRS criteria, the BDI (AUC=0.91, 95% CI: 0.83.0.99) showed a significantly larger area compared to the HAD.D (AUC=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94). The cut-off value of the BDI was 12.50 points with a sensitivity of 81.00% and a specificity of 76.20%. Conclusion: These findings show that the BDI is a useful screening test for depression that most closely predicts the HRDS score.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1980

The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between experienced stressful events and its coping behavior within mentally wellness and illness, and to define the effective coping method under the stressful situation. By doing so, during the period of April, 1978- to March, 1979 the objects of this study were 100 persons who were under the psychiatric facilities in their first hospitalization, and who were registered in psychiatric out patient department in the form general hospitals located at Seoul selected as a experimental group. As a control group 100 persons who never experienced psychiatric treatment who were not under the current medical treatment, and who were tarring appropriate social roles in their community were selected, and in both groups utilized questimaires for Social Readjustment Pating Scale and Coping Scale. This study was tested by X$^2$ examinationand by F-ratio（analysis of variance). Results were as follows : Hypothesis 1. The actually experienced life events were expected to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group, but they did not show the significant difference between the groups.（ p >0.05) Thus hypothesis 1 was rejected. Hypothesis : 2. The stress scores were expected to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and also did show the significant difference between the groups ( p< 0.05）. Therefore hypothesis 2 was supported. Hypothesis 3. The non-effective coping behavior were expected to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and also did show the significant difference between the two groups(p < 0.001). Also hypothesis 3 was supported. Hypothesis 4 . The higher stress score groups (above 250 LCU ) were expected to utilize non.effective coping method more frequently than in the lower stress score groups (below 249 LCU ), and not only they showed high in utilizing non-effective coping method but also showed high in utililzing effective coping method. Thus hyphothesis 4 was partially supported. (p < 0.001) The following are drawn out based on the result of this study that the stress scores were higher, and more utilized non-effective coping method in the emotionally disturbances than in the emtionally healthies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.285-293
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the spiritual well-being and spiritual care of hospice team members. Method: Between December 2005 and February 2006, a questionnaire was given to 192 hospice team members. The instruments used in this study were the Spiritual Well-Being Scale(SWBS) developed by Paloutzian, & Ellison(1984), and a Spiritual Care Performance Scale developed by the authors. Results: The levels of spiritual well-being were relatively high: significantly lower in the 25-29 years old, in the unmarried, and in the 1-2 million won income groups, and significantly higher in Protestants, Catholics, clergy, and volunteers. The levels of performance of spiritual care were intermediate; significantly higher in clergy, and those with 10 or more years of experience. There was a positive correlation between: levels of spiritual well-being and age; levels of spiritual well-being and performance of spiritual care; and levels of performance of spiritual care and age. The factors affecting the levels of spiritual well-being included religion, age, and performance of spiritual care. The factors affecting the levels of performance of spiritual care were the years of hospice experience and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: Because there was a positive correlation between levels of spiritual well-being and performance of spiritual care, there is a need to develop a strategies to increase the spiritual well-being of hospice team members.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2011

This research examines the push and pull factors of temple stay in Korean national parks. 152 participants of temple stay in Woljeongsa and Guryongsa in national parks in Gangwon-do area completed a survey to access their reasons for participating in temple stay(push factors) and to evaluate how well the visiting experience performed on a selected set of attributes(push factors). Demographics of respondents were similar to the visitor characteristics of Korean national parks. The result of factor analysis identified 6 push factor domains of 'self actualization', 'health enhancement', 'nature assimilation', 'relationship elevation', 'religious experience', and 'leisure experience'. 6 pull factor domains were 'recuperative quality', 'quality of a temple stay program', 'attributes of a temple', 'user convenience', 'tourism experience' and 'accessibility and transportation'. Satisfaction level of temple stay in a national park was very high of 4.71 in a 5 Likert scale. Gangwon- Do was most preferred with the percentage of 89.2 as a suitable area for temple stay in a national park. Findings of multi-dimensional tourism motivations of temple stay in a national park that encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism and religious tourism is expected to provide useful information for the future development of a more competitive temple stay program and a marketing strategy. However, more defined successive research work is required to generalize findings of wellness oriented push and pull factors of temple stay based on nature in national parks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.177-188
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale for measuring digital literacy by identifying the factors consisting of digital literacy and extracting items for each factor. Preliminary items for the Delphi study were developed through the analysis of previous literature and the deliberation of the research team. As a result of two rounds of the expert Delphi study, 65 items were selected for the main survey. The validation of the items was carried out in the process of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability test, and criterion validity test using the data collected in the main survey. As a result, a 4-factor structure composed of 31 questions(factor 1: digital technology & data literacy- 9 questions, factor 2: digital content & media literacy- 8 questions, factor 3: digital communication & community literacy- 9 questions, factor 4: digital wellness literacy - 5 questions) was confirmed. Also, the goodness of fit indices of the model were found to be good and the result of reliability test revealed the scale had a very appropriate level of Cronbach's alpha(α=.956). In addition, a statistically significantly positive correlations(p<.001) were found between digital literacy and internet self-efficacy and between digital literacy and self-directed learning ability, which were predicted in the existing evidence, therefore the criterion validity of the developed scale was secured. Finally, practical and academic implications of the study are provided and future study and limitations of the study are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spirituality. Methods: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze fifty seven studies from the literature related to spirituality as it appears in systematic literature reviews of theology, medicine, counseling & psychology, social welfare, and nursing. Results: Spirituality was found to consist of two dimensions and eight attributes: 1) vertical dimension: 'intimacy and connectedness with God' and 'holy life and belief', 2) horizontal dimension: 'self-transcendence', 'meaning and purpose in life', 'self-integration', and 'self-creativity' in relationship with self, 'connectedness' and 'trust' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Antecedents of spirituality were socio-demographic, religious, psychological, and health related characteristics. Consequences of spirituality were positive and negative. Being positive included 'life centered on God' in vertical dimension, and among horizontal dimension 'joy', 'hope', 'wellness', 'inner peace', and 'self-actualization' in relationship with self, 'doing in love' and 'extended life toward neighbors and the world' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Being negative was defined as having 'guilt', 'inner conflict', 'loneliness', and 'spiritual distress'. Facilitators of spirituality were stressful life events and experiences. Conclusion: Spirituality is a multidimensional concept. Unchangeable attributes of spirituality are 'connectedness with God', 'self-transcendence', 'meaning of life' and 'connectedness with others nature'. Unchangeable consequences of spirituality are 'joy' and 'hope'. The findings suggest that the dimensional framework of spirituality can be used to assess the current spiritual state of patients. Based on these results, the development of a Korean version of the scale measuring spirituality is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the effects of microcurrent(MC) electrical stimulation on each intensity($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$ - 30pps frequency was same) on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly divided into three groups of eight for three different treatment protocoals($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$-experimental groups). Twenty-four healthy males and females subjects were participated in this study. All subjects performed eccentric exercise of elbow flexor(biceps brachii) until exhausted. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle strength were Nicholas Manual Muscle Taster(NMMT). The measured items of elbow joint range of motion ROM) were Goniometer. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle pain were visual analogue scale(VAS). Treatment were applied at 30 minute exercise after and again at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of Results using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc tests were as follows: two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement for muscle strength, flexion ROM, extension ROM and VAS. Results : This results showed eccentric exercise casused DOMS, DOMS response to eccentric exercise were reduces by microcurrent therapy. DOMS was significant decreased at $100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$. Muscle strength was significant difference at all intensity. Elbow flexion ROM was significant difference at all intensity but elbow extension ROM was insignificant difference at all intensity. VAS score was significant difference at $100{\mu}A$ and $500{\mu}A$ but insignificant difference at $200{\mu}A$. All experimental groups showed insignificant difference with all intensity MENS. Conclusion : These findings indicate that microcurrent therapy is had effect on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion, microcurrent therapy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sensorimotor training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: The subjects were sixteen 16 adults who received anterior cruciate reconstruction by arthroscopy, and underwent sensorimotor training for which was to have them maintenanceain of a standing position with a step Balance ball on the affected side over 30 degrees knee flexion with 100% weight bearing for 15-20 seconds. Before the genuine experiment commenced, the Lysholm scale was had been used to assess functional disorders on the affected knee joint. KT-2000 Arthrometer measurement equipment was used to measure anterior displacement of tibia against to femur before and after the sensorimotor training. Results: There was significant relaxation on the affected side in tibia anterior displacement of the affected and sound sides on in supine position before the sensorimotor training. There was little significant difference in tibia anterior displacement of the affected knee joints on in the supine position before and after the sensorimotor training. The results also showed that there was a reduction in the difference of tibia anterior displacement of the affected knee joints on in the standing position. These results suggest that the effects of sensorimotor training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to induce the change of tibia anterior displacement against femur and the variation of muscles activation. Conclusion: The sensorimotor training may contribute to the improvement of joint functional stability in people who are in post-operation state and with orthopedic musculoskelectal injuries.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the characteristics of breast cancer surgery and shoulder surgery patients on the shoulder range of motion (ROM), degree of pain and dysfunction, and scapular position. This study was carried out with a total of 90 women: a breast cancer surgery group (BS, $n_1=30$), a shoulder surgery group (SS, $n_2=30$) and a control group ($n_3=30$). Shoulder ROM, the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Scapular Index (SI) were used to assess shoulder function. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance, crosstab test, and independent sample t-test. Post-hoc testing was carried out with Bonferroni test. There were significant differences in shoulder ROM when the BS and the SS were compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in ROM between the BS and SS. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in shoulder pain between both surgery groups, and there was greater shoulder dysfunction in the SS than in the BS. There was also a significant difference in upper extremity posture when the BS and the SS were compared to the control group. Finally, there was no significant difference in upper extremity posture between the BS and the SS. This study compared shoulder ROM, pain, dysfunction, and upper extremity postures between the BS and SS. While there were no significant differences in shoulder ROM, pain, and upper extremity posture between both surgery groups, the level of dysfunction was found to be significantly different. Therefore, health professionals managing for breast cancer surgery or shoulder surgery patients should consider these outcomes.