• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.286-299
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• 2004

This thesis aims to explore the geographic synthesis of ecotour programmes in New Zealand as a foreign area study. In addition, this research will provide effective regional policies for ecotourism in Korea. To achieve the objectives, this research carried out a literature review before taking several field surveys in New Zealand. Research areas are Waitomo Caves, Kauri community, Wildlifes of Otago Peninsular, Whakarewarewa Maori Village, Milford Track in New Zealand. New Zealand ecotour programmes are generally organized by local residents. The programmes include entrance limitations, strict opening time schedules, well trained information officers and guides organized by local residents. Most of all activities are in relation to the programmes that have been developed for educational effects and environmental conservation. The case studies of New Zealand present a good model of how to succeed in ecotourism and conservation management to Korea.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Objective: To determine and compare the frequency distribution of various arch shapes in ethnic Malays and Malaysian Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia and to investigate the morphological differences of arch form between these two ethnic groups. Methods: We examined 120 ethnic Malay study models (60 maxillary, 60 mandibular) and 129 Malaysian Aboriginal study models (66 maxillary, 63 mandibular). We marked 18 buccal tips and incisor line angles on each model, and digitized them using 2-dimensional coordinate system. Dental arches were classified as square, ovoid, or tapered by printing the scanned images and superimposing Orthoform arch templates on them. Results: The most common maxillary arch shape in both ethnic groups was ovoid, as was the most common mandibular arch shape among ethnic Malay females. The rarest arch shape was square. Chi-square tests, indicated that only the distribution of the mandibular arch shape was significantly different between groups (p = 0.040). However, when compared using independent t-tests, there was no difference in the mean value of arch width between groups. Arch shape distribution was not different between genders of either ethnic group, except for the mandibular arch of ethnic Malays. Conclusions: Ethnic Malays and Malaysian Aborigines have similar dental arch dimensions and shapes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

This study is to construe the spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and the changes of climatical regions by analyzing a climate change in Korea peninsular. We used daily mean air temperature data which were collected in South and North climate stations for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature maps of 500m resolution with Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of mean temperature was $0.5{\sim}1.2^{\circ}C$ in urban areas such as Seoul, metropolitan and cities which had a rapid urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, cities such as Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, and Hesan had the same pattern.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.349-353
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• 2001

Korea has a variety of favorable conditions for utilizing wind as energy. First of all, as a geographical characteristic, it is a peninsular country with its three frontiers surrounded by sea. Such a location makes the country influenced, all the year round, both by sea winds and by seasonal winds, so that it has a good possibility of putting its rich wind resources to use as an energy source. Particularly, in view of the results of observations and analysis of actual data about wind sources, it is quite possible to build wind paver plants in many regions across the country, such as inhabited islands dotted on its southern and western coasts around the Korean peninsular, a number of uninhabited islets attached the main islands, large-scaled reclaimed lands, and major inland areas. In Korea, the attempt to develop the technology of wind paver generation started in the 1970's. It was since 1988, when the Law on the promotion of Alternative Energy Development was enacted, that research and development activities for employing the wind force as a part of energy source have got into full swing. At that moment, however, due to the low level of domestic technological development, such efforts were mainly focused on the attainment of basic technologies with regard to wind power generation. Recently, there have been many noticeable changes in the international as well as domestic environments, such as the conclusion of the International Climate Treaty and the increase in public concerns of natural environment. It is quite possible to predict that the demand for wind paver generation will increase in the near future. Therefore, recognizing that wind, as a clean energy source, can be a promising method for coping with the International Climate Treaty and for replacing the fossil fuel, oil, this essay investigates the development history of wind paver generation systems and the status of technological development in Korea and presents an appropriate model for the development of the paver generation system that can compete with other energy sources.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Three species of Coccocarpia have been reported from Korean Peninsular. However, there was no revisional study on this genus before. After careful examination of the specimens deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) and collected from main mountain areas of Korea, two species of Coccocarpia, C. palmicola and C. erythroxyli, have been revealed to occur and confirmed in South Korea. The presence and absence of isidia and apothecia are the most important characters for the South Korean species. We provide the detailed description and illustration of the available two species. A key to the species is also provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2002

This study proved that Japanese skirt(裳 'sang') during 5-8 century was introduced by korean emigrants. The skirt of the Tang dynasty(7C) which used to be worn among Japanese upper class in the Nara period(8C),is understood to be transferred through Korean as it was popularly worn in the Shilla Dynasty at the same time. Because Japan was not able to trade with Tang during 4-9 century, unless pass through the Korean peninsular, it suggests that Japanese costume was affected by Korean style of costume. At the later Heian period in Japan, Kosode was mainly worn among Japanese and wearing a skirt has to be abandoned. Instead, only the train, a part of skirt, remain as a decorative part on the back of Japanese woman's formal dress and it continued until now.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

Recently there have been growing disputes between neighboring local governments over jurisdictional rights or property rights of ocean resources in Korean coastal waters. The reasons for the disputes come mainly from the increasing interests by local governments that begin to see the oceans as the source of resources and wealth. The maritime dispute is more complicated and sticky than the inland ones, and requires not only socio-economical but political approach, therefore sometimes demanding a plenty of time and endeavor. Also coastal states that have suffered from maritime boundary problems have different issues under the different environment and historical background. For Korea, as the maritime boundary issue has very recently soared to the surface, though it was latent for the period as long as 20 years, we have just taken steps toward an institutional approach on it, seemingly more to go to reach an agreeable resolutions to the disputes. This paper highlighted the issues surrounding the maritime boundary on the sea surrounding Korean peninsular after addressing the current situation of the boundary disputes. It will help explore and assess the possible solutions to the boundary conflicts over the lateral boundary between local governments.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

Six species of springtails (Collembola) are reported for the first time from North Korea: Pachyotoma takeshitai (Kinoshita, 1916), Folsomia bisetosa Gisin, 1953 and Agrenia agilis Fjellberg, 1986 of Isotomidae, Entomobrya sibirica Stach, 1963 and Willowsia buski (Lubbock, 1870) of Entomobryidae, and Ptenothrix setosa (Krausbauer, 1898) of Dicyrtomidae. The genus Pachyotoma Bagnall, 1949 is mentioned for the first time from the Korean Peninsula. In order to facilitate the identification of these species, illustrations and short diagnoses are provided and the poorly known P. takeshitai is described in detail. Ptenothrix setosa and E. sibirica link the Korean peninsular fauna with Central Asia, P. takeshitai shows the zoogeographical connection of the Korean Peninsula with the Japanese Islands and A. agilis has a trans-pacific distribution. Folsomia bisetosa is an interesting circumpolar element in the Korean fauna while W. buski is a subcosmopolitan species.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2005

Images taken by geostationary satellite may be used to estimate solar irradiance fluxes at earth's surface. It is based on the empirical correlation between a satellite derived cloud index and the irradiance at the ground. For the validation, estimated solar radiation fluxes are compared with observed solar radiation fluxes at 16 sites over the Korean peninsular from January 1982 to December 2004. Estimated solar radiation fluxes show reliable results for estimating the global radiation with average deviation of -7.8 to +7.0% from the measured values and the yearly averaged horizontal global insolation of Korean peninsula was turned out to be $3.56kW/m^{2}/day$.