• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.191-225
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• 2014

Most of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of EU(European Union) and ascertain EU's economic condition in terms of tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. and the purpose of this article is to find out the problems of EU's tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. Next, We suggest some future direction of export promotion from Korea to EU more largely for our companies. First, this paper describes the characteristics and outline of EU. The EU is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) and the European Economic Community(EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. After that, The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. There are a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants and generated a nominal gross domestic product(GDP) of 16.692 trillion US dollars in EU. The results are as follows ; First of all, In terms of tariff lines and customs duties, Our companies have to know precisely EU's real tariff lines and other customs duties, and such as value added tax and exercise tax, corporate tax regulated by EU commission and EU's 28 members. second, our companies have to confirm EU's non-tariff barriers. such as RoHS, WEEE, REACH. These non-tariff barriers could be hindrances or obstacles to trade with foreign companies in other countries. We perceive all companies exporting to EU are related with these Technical Barriers to Trade irrespective of their nationality. So, Our companies fulfill the requirements of EU Commission concerning safety, health, environment etc. Also, Our companies choose market-driven strategy to export more largely than before in the field of marketing and logistics.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.559-592
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• 2012

In spite of the transitional changes in the shoe industry in Busan area, regular academic studies on the management plan to improve the practical competitiveness of footwear industry focused in the materials, bio-dynamics, components, and designs, etc. in the engineering viewpoint are very rare. Many reports of policies were published from late 190's to 2000's but they were limited to the identification of practical situations and the measures for strategic alternatives and were not developed to be the academic studies to improve the competitiveness in terms of management control. It is intended to seek for the measures to be reviewed as the alternatives to improve the self-competitiveness of footwear companies by approaching the problems limited to such specific area in the viewpoint of management control. The core of this study is to provide the alternative plans for expansion of the industrial foundation by seeking for the measures to improve competitiveness with application of knowledge management as an alternative for improvement of not transient but sustainable industrial competitiveness, in order to help the export of shoes from Busan area which has been rapidly increased since the Korea-USA FTA and Korea-EU FTA. In such viewpoint, in the study, a questionnaire survey was performed related with the issues of Busan's footwear industry and the plan to implement knowledge management was discussed for improvement of the competitiveness of footwear industry based on the result of such questionnaire survey. As most of studies and directions have been focused in functional shoes, designs, materials, and components, etc., which are related with the properties of human dynamics, as the alternatives for improvement of the footwear industry of Busan area and did not suggest the measures to make basic changes in the management of companies, the implementation of knowledge management was emphasized in order to seek for the direction of such plan. The purpose of this study is to suggest an alternative for construction of industrial eco-system for high added value by seeking for the probability of knowledge management for conversion of footwear industry into knowledge industry. In order to accomplish the effect of increased export as the result of FTA, current management method of footwear companies is limited and the effect of FTA should be maximized by improving the competitiveness with implementation of knowledge management methods. Settlement of such knowledge management will act as the momentum to improve the competitiveness of footwear companies and, in a long-term viewpoint, will be able to maximize the improvement of knowledge industry and creation of job opportunities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1013-1023
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• 2016

Transborder data flow(TBDF) of personal information in Korea has been limited by current Privacy law which request data subject to give consent. As the IT industry is growing at an incredible rate, there is a need to review the existing law to cope with growing industrial demand and increasing numbers of international data transfer. The transfer of personal data overseas not only allow businesses providing IT services including finance, internet, e-commerce to thrive, but also impact every aspect of our lives which are increasingly depended on these technology. Transmitting personal data across borders raises serious questions of privacy protection and restriction of business operation. In ordrer to promote interoperability of personal data in international environment, a considerable amount of research and debate needs to be taken before implementing a sound policy. This paper presents a need for a sound TBDF policy in Korea by examine the main policy challenges associated with TBDF. Finally, the paper identify policy suggestions based on European Union's approach as they have successfully implemented TBDF policy that balanced data privacy and economic agenda.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.461-462
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• 2014

모든 산업에서 정보화의 중요성을 언급하고 있는 것처럼 농업부문에서도 농업정보화는 우리나라의 농업이 세계의 농업 속에서 살아남을 수 있는 길이다. 미국과 EU를 비롯한 여러 국가들과의 FTA 체결 등으로 "21C의 농업은 국경이 무너졌다"는 말이 나올 정도로 기존의 농업처럼 국가의 보호아래 있는 것이 아니라 다른 국가의 농민들과 경쟁을 해야 하는 농업으로 바뀌었다. 우리 나라 농업도 정보자원을 증대시켜 토지, 노동, 자본 등 전통적 자원의 열위를 극복하여야 하며, 이를 위해 정부는 물론 농업의 주체들이 모두 정보화에 적극적으로 나서서 농업을 정보집약 산업으로 육성시켜야 한다는 필요성을 느끼고 있으며 계속적인 정보화사업을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 농업용 S/W와 빅데이터 등의 최신 ICT 기술의 연계 및 활용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Before the advent of pasteurization and other microbiological controls in the dairy industry, milk product-borne diseases such as scarlet fever, typhoid fever, septic sore throat, and tuberculosis were globally widespread. Pasteurization was invented by Louis Pasteur, and it has been considered as one of the most effective ways to control milk product-borne diseases since the 20th century. Nevertheless, till date, various types of cheese in the EU, the USA, and other countries are made from unpasteurized milk as artisan cheese, following the specific food regulations of each nation. Furthermore, after the effectiveness of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations between Korea and many nations, the import of various types of cheese made in different conditions and influenced by acidity, preservatives, temperature, competing flora, water activity, and salt concentration increased yearly. Hence, the objective of this review was to describe (1) the 60-day aging rule of cheese, (2) characteristics of the outbreaks linked to cheese manufactured from unpasteurized milk since 1998 to 2011 in USA, and (3) serious health risks from unpasteurized milk, to ensure food protection and safety and to use this basic information for risk assessment.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2012

국가의 글로벌화 전략에 따라 한 EU, 한 미 FTA가 발효를 앞두고 있으며, 중국도 단순히 농수산물 생산지원에서 탈피하여 농산물 가공촉진을 위한 계획수립 및 지원을 추진 중이다. 이런 대외의 상황변화에 따라 대기업을 제외한 중소식품기업은 고가의 메스티지 제품 생산이나 저가의 범용식품생산에서도 경쟁력이 부족한 실정이다. 노령인구로 인한 농업생산의 구조조정이 완료된 유럽이 농업 및 식품산업에서 경쟁력을 유지하고 있는 배경은 다양한 협동조합기업 그리고 협동조합기업연합의 활발한 경영활동과 한 번 협동조합기업에 가입하면 그 협동조합을 통해 농산물 등을 유통해야 하는 법과 제도에 기반하고 있다. 한국의 경우 "농업협동조합법" 등 기존 8개의 개별법체제는 농수산물생산자 중심으로 식품을 생산하는 중 소규모 식품기업이 연합하여 규모화를 달성할 수 있는 법인을 설립할 수 있는 제도적 기반이 미비하였으나, "협동조합기본법" 제정을 계기로 중 소 식품기업이 함께 공동체를 구성하여 대기업이나 수입식품에 대한 경쟁력을 갖기를 희망한다.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• s.136
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• pp.58-61
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• 2006

UR, WTO에 의해 지난 1997년 국내 닭고기 시장이 전면 개방된 이후 매년 닭고기 수입은 급속도로 증가해왔으며, 2003년말 고병원성 조류인플루엔자가 발병되기 전까지만 해도 수입 닭고기는 국내 닭고기 시장의 약 30%를 점유하는 등 국내 닭고기 시장을 크게 위협했다. 특히 미국의 경우 자국 내에서는 인기부위인 가슴육 위주로 소비하고 비 인기부위인 다리육은 우리나라에 덤핑가격으로 수출해 국내 닭고기 시장을 더욱 혼란스럽게 했다. 반면 국내 소비자는 미국, EU 등 선진국과는 달리 닭다리를 선호하여 다리육은 부족하고 가슴육은 남아도는 구조를 가지고 있어 우리 역시 남아도는 닭 가슴육을 이들 국가에 수출해야 할 필요성이 절실하게 요구돼 왔다. 게다가 현재 협상 중인 한 · 미 FTA가 체결되어 이로 인해 미국산 닭고기 수입에 대한 관세가 철폐될 경우 국내 닭고기 시장에 미치는 영향이 적지 않은 것으로 분석됨에 따라 국내닭고기 시장에 미치는 영향을 최소화 하고, 나아가 국내 육계산업의 경쟁력 확보를 위해서는 대미 닭고기 수출의 필요성은 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 이에 필자는 지난 9월 9일부터 16일까지 8일간 미국 워싱턴 D.C 미국 농무성 식품안전검사처(FSIS) 국제업무국(OIA) 등을 방문해 한국의 가축방역 및 축산물 위생검사제도에 대해 설명하고, 대미 삼계탕 수출을 위해 담당자와 기술적 내용을 협의했다. 본고에서는 그날 협의한 내용들을 간략하게 요약하여 게재코자 한다.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.22-25
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• 2012

우리나라는 미국, EU, 그리고 중국으로 이어지는 빅3의 경제권과 FTA를 체결하였고, 체결한다고 자랑스러워하며 세계적으로 유례없는 무역전쟁에서의 선점이라고 하고 있다. 이에 일본의 농업을 둘러싼 상황을 살펴보고 우리는 농업에 대해 무엇을 어떻게 해야 되는지를 느끼고자 한다. 2011년 11월 일본 노다총리는 TPP참가를 표명하였다. 예외 없는 관세철폐를 위한 협정, 무역을 완전히 자유화하여 관세를 철폐하면 일본의 산업은 공업으로 특화되고 농업은 괴멸될 것이라는 것이 일본 농업관계자들의 생각이다. 농업에 대해서는 강화방안을 실시한다고 하지만, 규모 확대나 소득보상을 하여도, 수입이 증가하면 그만큼 국내생산은 감소하고 농업의 쇠퇴는 피할 수 없을 것이다. 일본 경단련회장인 오꾸다씨는 외국인의 이주도 장려해야 한다고 하지만, 저임금과 실업이나 취업 등의 어려움이 반드시 따라올 것이다. 무역, 공업 그리고 각국과의 우호도 중요하지만, 가장 중요한 것은 어떠한 시대가 와도 국가는 자국민의 식량을 해결해야 한다는 것과 국민의 생명을 지키는 것이다. 농업만이 아니고 국민의 사회생활전반에 걸쳐 각종 문제를 야기할 수 있는 TPP이지만, 식량안전보장의 견지에서도 TPP참가는 허용하기 어렵다. 예외 없는 자유화 등 상대국의 생명에 관계되는 것을 잃게 한다는 것은 진실된 파트너십이라고 할 수 없다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.113-133
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• 2013

Since 1995, Korean enterprises have been rapidly expanding their business, especially to Eastern European countries such as Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary and so on. After the establishment of Korea-EU FTA in 2011, close relationship between the two through economic cooperation has been maintained. To efficiently connect the seaport regions to inland factories located in Eastern European countries, researches on mode choice in the intermodal sector are needed to perform. However, there is a scant of research for mode choice factors on intermodal transportation service in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this research is to understand the current situation of intermodal transportation sector in Europe, identify key factors of mode choice, and weigh the importance among factors influencing intermodal selection in the perspective of Korean exporters or forwarders with overseas cargo to Europe. A survey and in-depth interviews to CEOs and executives who have more than 20 to 30 years of career in logistics sector were carried out from April 01 to May 01, 2013. Using the fuzzy theory as the methodology, 'Reliability of arrival time', 'Transit time', and 'Freight Rate' are equally ranked as the most important factor in the selection of intermodal transportation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.191-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to make research on the trend of the worldwide medical device market, the trend of the medical device market in the major foreign countries, the present status of the medical device industry in Korea and Gangwon area, the present status of export competitive power and the SWOT analysis of competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, and the strengthening methods of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area. As the research method, the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area was carried out from August 13 to Otober 22, 2009. The worldwide medical device market in 2008 is estimated at USD 210.2 billion, with the United States being the largest market, followed closely by Japan and Western Europe. In 2006, the worldwide export amount of medical devices recorded USD 121.1 billion and the worldwide import amount of medical devices recorded USD 126.3 billion. As of the end of 2008, the number of Korea's medical device manufacturers expanded to 1,726. The production amount of Korea's medical device industry in 2008 recorded 2,525 billion won, and the domestic market volume of medical devices in 2008 recorded 3,618 billion won. Korea's export amount of medical devices in 2008 recorded USD 1,132 million and recorded a 9.67% growth compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 2,123 million and recorded a 1.43% reduction compared to the previous year. As of the end of 2008, the number of Gangwon area's medical device manufacturers expanded to 81. The production amount of Gangwon area's medical industry in 2008 recorded 380 billion won, and Gangwon area's export amount of medical devices recorded USD 269 million and recorded a 0.25% reduction compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 3 million and recorded a 39.63% reduction compared to the previous year. According to the result analysis of the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area(August 13~October 22, 2009), the competing country of the export medical device is the United States being the highest ranking. Comparing to the collective competitive power level 100 of the competing country, the collective competitive level of the export medical device is 60 below and 70-80 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the quality level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the quality level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the design level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the design level of the export medical device is 90-100 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the technology level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the technology level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. According to the SWOT analysis of competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area, the strength is the abundant expert manpower of the medical device in Wonju area. The weakness is the fragility of the brand recognition of the medical device industry. The opportunity is the demand increase of the new medical device owing to the advanced age of population. The threat is the difficulty of entry into overseas market owing to the request of the new specification certification of the medical device. In order to strengthen the export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, the following measures should be taken by the government, local self-government body, related organization and medical device industry : the development of new technology and design, the enhancement of brand recognition. the acquisition of the foreign specification certification, the building of overseas distribution channel and after sales service channel, the positive participation in overseas medical device exhibition and opening of medical device exhibition, the training of expert manpower, the strengthening of overseas marketing, and the application of FTA and the establishment of counter measures against FTA. In conclusion, the medical device industry in Gangwon area has the difficulty in the entry into the overseas market owing to the shortage of overseas marketing capability. Therefore, the government and local self-government body should make the intensive and systematical support for overseas marketing of the medical device industry. For the support of overseas marketing, the government and local self-government body should provide positively the support of expenses for the acquisition of foreign specification certification, the support of participation in the overseas medical device exhibition, the despatch of market development mission, the increase of the support amount for R&D investment fund, and the training of expert manpower of medical devices.