• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제23권
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 경주남산의 산림토양의 이화학적 특성을 분석하여 산림의 다목적이용과 남산의 산림보호 관리에 도움을 주고자 실시하였다. 조사지는 각 층위별로 토양성분을 분석하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 남산 산림토양의 물리적 특성은 토심이 31.4cm 이고 유효토심은 20.0cm 였으며 유기물층의 깊이는 5.9cm였다. 계곡부를 제외한 다른 조사지의 토성은 사질 양토이었다. 전체 토양 pH는 평균 4.76으로 우리나라 산림토양의 평균보다 낮게 나타났으며 유효인산의 함량은 평균 3.64로 유효인산의 함량이 매우 적은 것으로 나타났다. 치환성양이온($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$)의 함량은 우리나라 산림토양의 함량과 보다 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며 특히 $Ca^{2+}$함량은 우리나라 산림토양의 평균 $2.44cmol_c/kg$보다 낮은 함량인 $1.04cmol_c/kg$를 나타내었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection by soil physico-chemical analysis of studied area in Mt. Palgong. The results of soil physico-chemical analysis and statistical analysis represented as following 2 points. 1. Soil depth was in the range of average 61.1 cm and soil texture was loamy sand and sandy loam except Donghwasa area. The part of solid phase and gaseous phase were higher than other areas, but liquid phase was less in verse. Soil water content was in an average 49.5%, penetrability was average $1.95{\times}E^{-2}cm/sec$ and the average of soil hardness was $1.64Kg/cm^2$. This data showed that soil water content, penetrability and soil hardness were good at Mt. Palgong forest soils. 2. Soil pH was the range of 3.4 to 6.0, organic carbon content was 2.8% that is nearly mean of the Korea brown forest soils, total N content is somewhat smaller than that of other places, and total average C/N ratios was 13.9. Average available $P_2O_5$ concentration was 5.05 mg/kg that is lower than that of any others. The concentration of available P of coniferous forests is higher than that of deciduous forests. Exchangeable cations content is similar to those of the Korea brown forest soil and the order of the cation content extent is $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $K^+$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2001

Uyeki(1928) classified Pinus densiflora into six ecotypes(Northeastem type, Middle-southern flat type, middle-southern upland type, Wibong type, Ankang type, and Geumgang type) based on the pine tree type. The bark color of Geumgang type was ash-brown color on the lower parts of stem and yellowed color on the upper parts of stem. We investigated the physicochemical properties of soil forests to obtain basic data for preservation of exellent pine (Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki). The results were as follows; The soil texture of the Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki forests were showed nearly as sandy loam, that is, sand, silt and clay were consisted of 72%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Soil acidity(pH 4.6) was lower than Korea average forest soil acidity(pH 5.2). The average contents of available phosphate was 11.7ppm at Sokwang-ri, 26.8ppm at Mt. Eungbong, 24.2ppm at Mt. Kumma. It was the lowest at Uljin(4.6ppm). The contents of carbon was 6.2% at Mt. Chungok, 6.1% at Mt. Eungbong. This value was more than average of Korea forest soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.533-541
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil's physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.109-122
• /
• 1989

The vegetation and landscape of Hokkaido were phytosociologically referred. The region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e on Hokkaido is divided into two types of deciduous broad-leaved forest: the oak (Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata) forests mixed with conifers (mainly Abies sachalinensis) and the beech (Fagus crenata) forests of northernmost distribution in far-east Asia. The oak forests, which is dominated by Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata in Japanse islands, seem to be developed from different climatic and edaphic conditions, especially in the amount and sharing pattern of precipitation in a year, and weak acid brown forest soil, volcanic ash soil and sandy soil. On the all-inclusive phytogeographical view-point, Hokkaido is situated at northernmost region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e (cool-temperate zone)neighboring with subarctic and subalpine vegetation, vegetation, but the evergreen broad-leaved forest (C a m e l l i e t e a j a p o n i c a e, warm-temperate zone) is abscent.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest Bone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1 m) in KEF, we have established a 1 ha permanent plot ($100m{\times}100m$) and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER(Korean long-term ecological research network) and DK site of KoFlux. In this site, we made a stemmap of trees and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2 cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area $28.0m^2$/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66 cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was f개m 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the 1.2 m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30 cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. These ground survey and monitoring data will give some important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function.

• 한국제4기학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.163-163
• /
• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest zone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1m) in KEF, we have established a permanent plot and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER site and also a KoFlux site. In this study, we aimed to present basic ecological characteristics and synthetic data of carbon budgets and flows, and some monitoring data which are essential for providing important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function. We made a stemmap of trees in 1 ha plot and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area 28.0 m2/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was from 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the l.2m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. Litterfall was collected in circular littertraps (collecting area： 0.25m2) and mass loss rates and nutrient release patterns in decomposing litter were estimated using the litterbag technique employing 30cm30cm nylon bags with l.5mm mesh size. Total annual litterfall was 5,627 kg/ha/year and leaf litter accounted for 61% of the litterfall. The leaf litter quantity was highest in Quercus serrata, followed by Carpinus laxiflora and C. cordata, etc. Mass loss from decomposing leaf litter was more rapid in C. laxiflora and C. cordata than in Q. serrata litter. About 77% of C. laxiflora and 84% of C. cordata litter disappeared, while about 48% in Q. serrata litter lost over two years. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. And then we have drawn a schematic diagram of carbon budgets and flows in each compartment of the KEF site.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2018

Two-hundred and fifty-five strains of actinomycetes isolated from soil samples were screened for their antagonistic activities against four well-known wood decay fungi (WDF), including a brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and three white rot fungi Donkioporia expansa, Trametes versicolor, and Schizophyllum commune. A dual culture assay using culture media supplemented with heated or unheated culture filtrates of selected bacterial strains was used for the detection of their antimicrobial activity against four WDF. It was shown that Streptomyces atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp. greatly inhibited the mycelial growth of the WDF tested compared with the control. To evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of S. atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp., wood blocks of Pinus densiflora inoculated with three selected Streptomyces isolates were tested for weight loss, compression strength (perpendicular or parallel to the grain), bending strength, and chemical component changes. Of these three isolates used, Streptomyces sp. exhibited higher inhibitory activity against WDF, especially G. trabeum, as observed in mechanical and chemical change analyses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cell walls of the wood block treated with Streptomyces strains were thicker and collapsed to a lesser extent than those of the non-treated control. Taken together, our findings indicate that Streptomyces sp. exhibits the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent for wood decay brown rot fungus that causes severe damage to coniferous woods.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.389-393
• /
• 2005

황산용액을 첨가하여 인위적으로 산성화시킨 화강암 풍화 모재의 갈색 산림 토양에 2-1 소나무(Pinus densiflora) 묘목을 이식하고, 1998년 4월 29일부터 9월 22일까지 21주 동안 온실에서 생육시킨 후 건물생장량과 토양 pH, Al, Mn 농도 또는 염기성 양이온 몰비 사이의 관계를 조사한 결과, 토양내 $H^+$ 부하량의 증가는 토양중 Al 농도의 증가를 초래하였다. 소나무 묘목의 건물 생장량은 토양의 Al 농도가 높아짐에 따라 감소하였다. 토양의 (Ca+Mg+K)/Al 몰비와 건물 생장량 사이에는 유의적인 정의 상관관계(r=0.97, p<0.01)가 있었으며, 몰비가 1.0인 경우에 약50%의 건물 생장량의 감소가 발생하였다. 이들의 결과는 산성 강하물에 의한 토양 산성화가 수목에 미치는 영향을 평가할 때, 토양의 Al과 같은 유해금속의 변화를 고려할 필요가 있으며, (Ca+Mg+K)/Al 몰비는 산성 강하물의 삼림생태계 피해예측을 위한 한계 부하량의 평가에 있어 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 1980

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국삼림토양(韓國森林土壤)의 특성(特性)을 비악(把握)하여 그 합리적(合理的) 이용(利用) 및 관리방법(管理方法)을 제공하기 위하여 실시되었다. 현재(現在)까지 조사발표(調査發表)된 토양(土壤)의 종류(種類)는 178개(個) 토양통(土壤統)으로 그중 64개(個) 토양통(土壤統)이 삼림토양(森林土壤)이다. 삼림토양(森林土壤)은 그 풍화모재(風化母材)의 종류(種類)에 따라 산악잔적토(山岳殘積土), 구릉잔적토(丘陵殘積土), 곡간붕적토(谷間崩積土), 충적토(沖積土) 및 화산회토(火山灰土)로 구분(區分)하여 분석(分析)하였다. 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 토양(土壤)의 분류학적(分類學的) 특성(特性)과 모암(母岩), 토성(土性) 및 배수상태(排水狀態)를 다루고 있다. 기타 물리적(物理的), 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)은 다음 논문(論文)에서 서술될 예정이다. 분류(分類)된 한국삼림토양(韓國森林土壤)의 특징(特徵)은 다음과 같다. 1. 산악잔적토(山岳殘積土)(29개통(個統))는 대부분(大部分) Lithosols로서 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 층위분화(層位分化)가 발달(發達)하지 못하였고 토성(土性)은 석력(石礫)이 있는 양토(壤土)가 가장 많고 점질(粘質)로 갈수록 토양통수(土壤統數)가 감소하며 배수상태(排水狀態)는 과도(過度)하다. 2. 구릉잔적토(丘陵殘積土)(19개통(個統))는 대부분(大部分) Red-yellow Podzolic Soils로서 단면(斷面)이 잘 발달(發達)되어 있고 토성(土性)은 주 로 양토(壤土)와 식토(埴土)로 되어 있으며 토양배수(土壤排水)는 양호(良好)하다. 3. 곡간붕적토(谷間崩積土)(13개통(個統))는 주로 Regosols로서 단면발달(斷面發達)이 미약하나 일부 층위분화(層位分化)가 이루어진 Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils와 Acid Brown Forst Soils 가 있다. 토성(土性)은 다양(多樣)하나 조립질(粗粒質)인 경향(傾向)이 있고 배수(排水)는 양호(良好)하다. 4. 각종모암(各種母岩)의 풍화산물(風化産物)의 토성(土性)을 보면 다음과 같다. 1) 조립질토성(粗粒質土性)을 생산(生産)하는 모암(母岩)들로는 유문암(流紋岩), 화강편마암(花崗片麻巖), 편암(片岩), 혈암(頁岩), 사암(砂岩), 역암(礫岩) 등(等)이 있다. 2) 미립질토성(微拉質土性)을 생산(生産)하는 모암(母岩)들로는 석회암(石灰岩), 현무암(玄武岩), 반려(斑糲岩) 및 안산반암(安山斑岩)이 있다. 3) 여러가지 토성(土性)을 다양(多樣)하게 생산(生産)하는 모암(母岩)으로는 화강암(花崗岩)이 있다.