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축방향철근의 저주파 피로 거동 (Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Longitudinal Reinforcement)

  • 이재훈;고성현
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2010
  • 이 연구는 국내에서 생산되고 있는 철근이 반복하중을 받는 경우의 파괴 특성에 대한 검증을 목적으로 한다. 이 논문은 철근콘크리트 하부구조(파일과 교각)에 배근된 축방향 철근에 대한 저주파 피로 거동을 다루었다. 전체 81개의 철근 실험체에 대하여 변형률 진폭에 따른 반복 축방향 변형률 제어 방식으로 저주파 피로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 변수는 인장변형률과 압축변형률의 비율, 축방향 철근의 항복강도, 철근지름에 대한 철근길이의 비율, 철근의 크기와 변형률 진폭으로 선택하였다. 이 논문에서 실험 결과에 따른 저주파 피로 거동과 저주파 피로 수명을 분석하였다.

축방향철근의 저주파 피로 모델 (Low Cycle Fatigue Model for Longitudinal Reinforcement)

  • 고성현;이재훈
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.273-282
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    • 2010
  • 이 연구는 기존 모델에 대한 검증 및 국내에서 생산되고 있는 철근이 반복하중을 받는 경우의 파괴특성에 대한 적합한 모델을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 논문은 철근콘크리트 하부구조(파일과 교각)에 배근된 축방향철근에 대한 저주파 피로 거동에 대한 모델링을 다루었고, 전체 81개의 저주파 피로 실험 데이터에 기초하여 저주파 피로 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 저주파 피로 모델을 적용하여 비선형해석 프로그램을 개발하였고 원형 기둥 실험체에 대한 6개의 실험 결과를 대상으로 비선형 해석을 적용하고 제안모델의 정확성을 평가하였다.

Characteristics of Surface Modified Activated Carbons Prepared by Potassium Salt Sequentially After Hydrochloric Acid Treatment

  • Oh, Won-Chun;Park, Chong-Sung;Bae, Jang-Soon;Ko, Young-Shin
    • Carbon letters
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.34-41
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this paper is to compare the variation of surface properties by hydrochloric acid pre-treatment and of metallic potassium and their salts loading effect for activated carbon after surfaces transformation by acid. From the results of nitrogen adsorption, each isotherm shows a distinct knee band, which is closely related to the characteristic of microporous carbons with capillary condensation in micropores. In order to present the causes of the differences in surface properties and $S_{BET}$ after the samples were treated with hydrochloric acid, pore structure and surface morphology are investigated by adsorption analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that activated carbons show better performance for metallic potassium and potassium salts by pre-treatment with hydrochloric acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of potassium/activated carbon particles provide information about the homogeneous distribution of metal or metal complex on the surface. For the chemical composition microanalysis for potassium treatment of the activated carbon pre-treated with hydrochloric acid, samples were analyzed by energy disperse X-ray (EDX). Finally, the type and quality of oxygen groups are determined from the method proposed by Boehm. A positive influence of the acidic groups on the carbon surface by acid treatment is also demonstrated by an increase in the contents of potassium salts with increasing of acidic groups calculated from Boehm titration.

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박막시험편용 고온 크리프 시험기의 설계 및 제작 (Design and Construction of a High Temperature Creep Tester for Thin Film Specimens)

  • 고경득;이상신;강기주
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2007
  • A new material tester has been developed to measure mechanical properties of thin film specimens at high temperature. It is useful for observing oxide film growth or local deformation on the surface, and for measuring creep strength. Main characteristics of the tester is as follows; First, high temperature is achieved by Joule heating generated by electricity passing through the specimen, which does not need to enclose the specimen by a furnace or a heating chamber. The exposed specimen enables one to observe the surface during the test. Because the overall size of the test rig is compact, the whole test rig can be placed in a chamber for environmental controlled tests. The loading device is from a level scales. Not only static load with fixed counter weight, but also variable load by moving counter weight controlled remotely can be applied for an ordinary creep test and creep-fatigue test, respectively. The detail of the construction, operation principle, and the specification are described. And also, an example of test result obtained using the creep tester is presented.

고체추진제의 고압 연소속도 측정기법 (The Measurement Technique of Burning Rate in Solid Proplellant at High Pressure)

  • 유지창;정정용;임유진;고승원
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 내부용적이 200 cc와 700 cc인 closed bomb을 이용하여 30,000 psi까지 HTPB/AP 추진제의 연소 특성을 고찰하였다. 장전 밀도에 따라 closed bomb법에 의해 측정한 결과 연소속도는 $1,000{\sim}5,000$ psi 범위에서 strand burner법에 의해 측정한 추진제의 연소속도와 잘 일치하였으며, 측정 압력이 6,000 psi 부근에서 압력 지수가 급격히 증가하는 현상을 보였다. Closed bomb의 내부용적이 각각 200 cc와 700 cc일 때 측정된 연소속도는 내부용적의 크기에 상관없이 잘 일치하였다.

Effect of LiCoO2 Cathode Density and Thickness on Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

  • Choi, Jaecheol;Son, Bongki;Ryou, Myung-Hyun;Kim, Sang Hern;Ko, Jang Myoun;Lee, Yong Min
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2013
  • The consequences of electrode density and thickness for electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells are investigated using 2032-type coin half cells. While the cathode composition is maintained by 90:5:5 (wt.%) with $LiCoO_2$ active material, Super-P electric conductor and polyvinylidene fluoride polymeric binder, its density and thickness are independently controlled to 20, 35, 50 um and 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 g $cm^{-3}$, respectively, which are based on commercial lithium-ion battery cathode system. As the cathode thickness is increased in all densities, the rate capability and cycle life of lithium-ion cells become significantly worse. On the other hand, even though the cathode density shows similar behavior, its effect is not as high as the thickness in our experimental range. This trend is also investigated by cross-sectional morphology, porosity and electric conductivity of cathodes with different densities and thicknesses. This work suggests that the electrode density and thickness should be chosen properly and mentioned in detail in any kinds of research works.

반복하중하의 FRP 시트 종류에 따른 부착특성 (Bond Characteristics of FRP sheet to Various Types under Cyclic Load)

  • 고훈범
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2008
  • 최근 지진, 노후화 등에 따라 손상된 많은 콘크리트 구조물을 보강하기 위하여 고강도이면서 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어난 특성을 가지고 있는 FRP(Fiber-reinforced polymer) 시트가 구미에서 뿐만 아니라 우리나라에서도 널리 사용되고 있으며 관련연구도 활발히 체계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 일반적으로 FRP 시트로 보강된 RC구조물은 지진, 교통, 온도 등에 의해 자주 반복하중을 받는다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 일축 하중하에 이루어진 경우가 대부분이며 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 FRP의 부착특성을 확인하고 있으며 다양한 부착모델을 제안하고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 아라미드섬유, 탄소섬유, 폴리아세탈 섬유와 매수를 변수로 하여 총 18개의 시험체를 제작하고 최대부착강도, 최대변위, 변형률을 측정하고 그 결과에 근거하여 부착응력, 슬립을 계산하여 반복하중하의 FRP 시트와 콘크리트의 부착특성을 미시적으로 살펴보았다.

도심항공 모빌리티(UAM)를 위한 틸트 덕티드 팬 형 eVTOL의 초기 사이징 (Initial Sizing of a Tilt Ducted Fan Type eVTOL for Urban Air Mobility)

  • 이상곤;고보성;안성호;황호연
    • 한국항공운항학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.52-65
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    • 2021
  • A large amount of time and cost is consumed due to congestions caused by an increasing number of cars which results in a lot of emissions. To overcome these problems, a new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is being considered. Since vertical take off and landing without a separate runway is realized and electricity is used as a power source, it could solve the saturated ground traffic congestions without emissions. In this paper, the initial sizing was performed based on the Nexus 6HX of Belltextron which is a tilt-ducted fan type. In this study, the electric propulsion system that only uses battery was implemented instead of current Nexus 6HX hybrid electric propulsion. Aerodynamic analyses were performed using OpenVSP and XFLR5. Power-to-weight ratio, wing loading, estimated weight were calculated with these analyses.

불균질 지반에 설치된 테이퍼 마찰말뚝의 자유진동 특성 분석 (Analysis of Free Vibration Characteristics of Tapered Friction Piles in Non-homogeneous Soil Layers)

  • 이준규;고준영;이광우;김동욱
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2019
  • 본 논문에서는 테이퍼 마찰말뚝의 자유진동을 평가할 수 있는 해석모델을 제안하였다. 불균질 지반에 설치된 정적 수직하중을 받는 테이퍼 마찰말뚝의 자유진동을 지배하는 미분방정식을 유도하였다. 이 지배방정식을 Runge-Kutta 법을 이용하여 직접 수치적분하였고, 미분방정식의 고유치인 고유진동수는 Regula-Falsi 법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 원통형 말뚝의 고유진동수 계산값은 기존 문헌값과 잘 일치하였다. 수치예를 통해 말뚝의 변단면, 주면마찰력, 단부조건, 수직압축하중 및 지반의 불균질성이 고유진동수와 모드형상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

Cryopreservation of in vitro Grown Shoot Tips of Two Freesia hybrida Cultivars by Droplet-vitrification

  • Jinjoo Bae;Jae-Young Song;Ji-Won Han;Ho Cheol Ko;Sung-Hee Nam;Jung-Ro Lee;Ho-sun Lee
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.562-570
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    • 2023
  • The droplet-vitrification technique for cryopreservation has proven successful across a diverse range of germplasm, ensuring safe and effective long term preservation. In this study, we investigate an effective cryopreservation protocol using the droplet-vitrification technique for shoot tips of Freesia hybrida cultivars 'Sunny Gold' and 'Sweet Lemon'. To determine optimal conditions for Freesia cryopreservation, we employed a carefully selected standard procedure along with additional treatments and alternative solutions. For 'Sunny Gold', the highest regrowth rate of 24% was achieved when shoot tips underwent dehydration with PVS3 solution for 120 minutes before direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1 hour, coupled with a standard protocol involving a two-step preculture with 0.3 M - 0.5 M sucrose, loading with C4 for 40 minutes, and unloading with 0.8 M sucrose for 40 minutes. In the case of 'Sweet Lemon,' regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips was observed with dehydration treatments, including PVS2 (A3) for 60 minutes and PVS3 (B1) for 60 minutes, as well as longer exposure. The results reflect the distinct sensitivity of shoot tips to chemical toxicity and osmotic stress in these two genotypes. This study provides valuable evidence to consistently enhance the effectiveness of cryopreservation methods for the long-term conservation of Freesia germplasm.