• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.920-928
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• 2001

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in chronic HD patients. We investigated the nutritional parameters of 50 Korean HD patients(mean age: 46.9 $\pm$ 10.3y, men : 23, women : 27) by measuring anthropometric and biochemical blood indices and assessing food intake using 24-h recall method. Also we administered two questionnaires, one for assessing nutritional knowledge about renal disease and dietary therapy, the other for measuring dietary habits related to dietary therapy. According to the distribution of BMI, 21.3% of HD patients were underweight. The hematological values of HD patients, such as plasma hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total lymphocyte count were below the normal range. The serum cholesterol levels were 133.2 $\pm$ 30.5mg/dl. HD patients took energy and protein only 77.5% and 83.1%, respectively, of their RDA. There were significantly positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and intake of nutrients, such as energy, fat, cholesterol, iron, potassium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, and niacin. Also, there was a significantly positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits(r = 0.317, p < 0.05). In conclusion, Korean HD patients showed mild malnutrition and suboptimal nutrition intake. It can be postulated that the dietary intake can be increased by nutrition education improving nutritional knowledge and correcting the dietary habits of HD patients.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2020

This study aims to describe the perceptions of accounting students and expectations of employers towards the skills and knowledge needed by accounting graduates in Indonesia. Quantitative method using survey is employed to analyze 103 questionnaires from students and 51 questionnaires from employers. The results showed that students' perceived honesty, continuous learning, and work ethics are important skills, while employers stress the importance of work ethics, teamwork, and time management. Knowledge needed by accounting graduates in the perception of students includes financial accounting, financial reporting, and financial statement analysis, whereas employers perceived the importance of financial statement analysis, knowledge of Microsoft Office program, and financial accounting. Further analysis showed that there is an expectation gap between the perceptions of students and the expectations of employers towards skills - not knowledge - needed by accounting graduates. Although investigations of students' perceptions and employers' expectations have been conducted in previous studies, the information should be updated continuously to reflect the current conditions. This study offers the recent perceptions from students and employers to identify the current expectation gap. This study points to the importance of skills development in the university curriculum in order to develop the skillful human resources in accounting and meet the expectations of employers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1295-1302
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate the antecedents affecting purchase intention in the category of green skincare products. Many studies have used the theory of planned behavior to investigate factors affecting intention to purchase products in general. This paper not only retests the influences of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control on the intention to buy eco-friendly skincare products but also suggests a new antecedent - environment knowledge of purchase intention. More importantly, this study is the first to propose the moderating effect of country of origin and product knowledge on the relationship between attitude and purchase intention. This study employs a sample of 350 female customers from 18 to 39 years old in Ho Chi Minh City. The research applies the Multiple Linear Regression to analyze the proposed hypotheses in the conceptual framework and results in significant outcomes. The result shows that attitude is the most influential factor then, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and environmental knowledge. Most importantly, the findings of this study suggest that product knowledge is found to moderate the effect of attitude on purchase intention. The finding of moderating effect is a new contribution to the literature and future research can be carried out to validate this result.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2021

The objective of this research is to empirically study public servant knowledge sharing intention by implementing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The researcher proposes an extended TPB combined with a perceived environmental concern variable as a determinant of behavioral intention. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed among civil society and the public sector at the district level in the Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. Collectively, 126 inquiries were received. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was applied to analyze and test the research model and hypothesis. The results show that all of the components of the TPB significantly influenced perceived SDG realization. The findings also partially show that knowledge sharing intention mediated the effect of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived environmental concern on SDG realization. This study confirms that perspectives that affect knowledge sharing intention among public sectors could be approached based on the offered model. Hence, the local government can implement the suggestion offered in this research. The originality of this paper lies in the fact that this study discloses factors affecting knowledge sharing among public servants.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2021

The emerging competitive environment in today's global marketplace is one where businesses no longer compete with each other as autonomous, individual firms. Global, economic, and technological development pressure forces organizations to continually enhance their performance through knowledge sharing and innovativeness. The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating role of knowledge sharing and the mediating role of innovativeness in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. The data was collected from 389 employees in Vietnamese industrial enterprises through a questionnaire survey. The information was then analyzed by explanatory factor analysis (EFA) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the mediating role of innovativeness and the moderating role of knowledge sharing in the relationship between transformational leadership and performance, are supported. Organizations may reap the benefits of an innovative workforce by selecting, nurturing transformational leaders. This study contributes to the field of human resources management, particularly leadership, by exploring the role of transformational leadership. Moreover, this is the first study to test the moderating role of knowledge sharing and the mediating role of innovativeness in the relationship between transformational leadership and the organizational performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.927-938
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• 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is one of several activators that drives the economy of Indonesia because SMEs provide jobs, increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and assure the delivery of products and services. However, Indonesian SMEs are not very competitive in the industrial world, and one of the causes is the low quality of products that undermine customer satisfaction. There are several factors presumed as influencing customer satisfaction, which among others include product knowledge, service quality, and competitive advantage. The objective of this research is to reveal the contribution of product knowledge and service quality to customer satisfaction with competitive advantage as the mediation variable. This research used a quantitative approach. The causal relationship across variables was examined with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The sample of this research involved 140 respondents. Data was collected through a questionnaire and the items in the questionnaire were processed with a software called SmartPLS version 3.3.2. Results of this research indicate (1) product knowledge and service quality can increase competitive advantage and customer satisfaction in East Java SMEs; (2) competitive advantage can act as a mediator in the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction (3) product knowledge can increase customer satisfaction but the increase is not significant statistically.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2024

The study examined the perceived benefits and knowledge level of the mushroom farmers on mushroom production in selected local governments area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 143 respondents using questionnaire and interview schedule. From the result it was affirmed that the majority (63.0%) of the respondents were males, also about 81.8% of the farmers were married. Radio (96.5%) was the most common source of information available to farmers, seconded by family and friends 86.0%. Based on the distribution of the knowledge level of farmers in mushroom production (63.6%) of the farmers had highest knowledge in mushroom production with the mean score (9.28). Majority (64.3%) of the mushroom farmers perceived mushroom production to be of benefit to them, with the mean score (10.35). It was concluded that majority of the farmers that had knowledge of mushroom production needs training in some specific aspects of the production process. It is recommended that research institutes, extension agents and Non-governmental organizations needs to organize training to enlightened and provide necessary information needed to the farmers on mushroom production.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.142-157
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• 2015

이 연구는 옹기장인들의 옹기제작기술을 전통지식이라는 관점에서 접근한 것으로 구체적인 옹기제작기술 속에 전통지식들이 어떻게 내재되어 있는지를 살핀 것이다. 특히 옹기제작 관련 전통지식들이 어떤 범주들로 구성되어 있으며 제작기술과의 관계에서 어떤 양상을 띠는가 하는 점들에 주목한다. 옹기제작 과정은 크게 재료의 준비, 기물의 성형, 소성 단계로 나누어지는데, 매 단계마다 고유한 전통지식들이 존재한다. 먼저 재료준비 단계에서는 각종 흙에 대한 지식들이 주를 이룬다. 흙의 색깔과 성질, 좋은 옹기흙의 지역 분포에 대한 정보, 옹기 제작에 적합한 것으로 흙을 재조정하는 기술 등이다. 그리고 두 번째의 기물 성형단계에서는 물레의 구조와 형태, 흙을 쌓아올리는 데 필요한 기술, 각종 도구를 사용하는 방법, 완성된 형태의 옹기를 건조하는 기술 등이 주를 이룬다. 마지막으로 소성 단계에서는 가마에 대한 지식과 가마 제작 기술, 가마 내 옹기를 쟁이는 기술, 화목에 대한 지식과 불 때는 기술, 불의 종류 등이 주를 이룬다. 이들 지식들은 각각 별개로 존재하지 않고 상호 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있다. 이는 어느 한 과정이 잘못되어도 완전한 옹기의 생산이 어려워지기 때문이다. 지식의 내용을 중심으로 볼 때 이들은 재질 색상 형태 분포양상 용융점 강도 물리적 성질 등과 같은 과학적 범주에 속하는 것들이 많다. 하지만 이들 지식들은 공식적 제도교육과정을 통해 얻은 것들이라기보다는 비공식적인 도제교육을 통한 오랜 경험속에서 터득한 것들이 대부분이다. 그리고 지식의 체계는 쉽게 드러나지 않는데, 주로 민속과학(ethnoscience)적 분류와 범주 속에서 이해될 수 있는 것들이 대부분이다. 이들 지식들은 유네스코 세계무형문화유산의 개념으로 보면 '자연 및 우주에 관한 지식'범주에 속한다. 이와는 달리 신체와 사용 도구, 그리고 제작하고자 하는 기물을 일체화시켜 내는 것으로 '신체기술(body techniques)'이라 부를 수 있는 것들도 있다. 이에 대해서는 옹기장인들 스스로도 설명하는 데 어려움을 가지며, 그들이 굳이 설명을 하더라도 해당분야에 대한 경험과 식견이 없는 한 이해가 쉽지 않다. 이러한 지식들은 습득 및 전승방식에 따라 구분해보면,'옹기 장인의 일반적 지식'과 '특정 옹기 장인만이 갖춘 고유한 지식'들로 구분할 수 있다. 그리고 지식이 갖는 축적된 시간의 깊이에 따라 '역사가 긴 지식'과 '최근에 만들어진 지식'등이 있을 수 있다. 옹기제작과정에서 드러난 옹기 장인들의 기술과 전통지식은 재료의 준비과정에서부터 최종 완성품이 만들어지기까지의 전 과정에서 수많은 범주와 층위의 기술들이 긴밀하게 연계되어 있다. 이러한 양상은 '기술의 사슬(techniques chain)'이라고 할 만하다. 이때의 기술은 반드시 자연과학적 범주의 기술(techniques)만을 의미하는 것은 아니며, 솜씨(skill)를 비롯하여 장인들 스스로도 의식하기 어려운 습관적 행위들까지를 포함하는 다양한 층위의 기술과 지식들이라고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

Spectrum sensing for cognitive-radio applications may use a matched-filter detector (in the presence of full knowledge of the signal that may be transmitted by the primary user) or an energy detector (when that knowledge is missing). An intermediate situation occurs when the primary signal is imperfectly known, in which case we advocate the use of a linear-quadratic detector. We show how this detector can be designed by maximizing its deflection, and, using moment-bound theory, we examine its robustness to the variations of the actual probability distribution of the inaccurately known primary signal.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.76-89
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• 1993

The evaluation of the Fuzzy Expected Value (FEV) as a typical value requires complete knowledge about the domain of the evaluation, and the distribution of the population in that domain [1]. Since in many situations it is not possible to gather complete knowledge regarding the domain, it is necessary to relax some of the restrictions involving the evaluation of FEV. In this paper we discuss solutions to this problem by using the concept of the Fuzzy Expected Interval (FEI).