• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2017

The steady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed to investigate the flow fields around the seabed tiller used for soil improvement in coastal fisheries and the pulling force and buoyancy generated by tiller operation. The turbulence model used in this study is a realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$. As a results, at a stationary current or a current speed of 1.2 knots, where rotor rotates in a clockwise direction, a typical vortex pair appears near the tip of the rotor except for the edge, and the strength of the vortex pair increases with the number of revolutions of the rotor. The pulling force of the tiller rotating in the counterclockwise direction increases with the number of revolutions. Also, when the current flows at 1.2 knots and the rotor rotates clockwise, the pulling force of the tiller acts on the upstream side irrespective of the number of rotations of the rotor, so that no force is applied. The buoyancy of the tiller acts on the seawater surface if the flow direction inside the rotor is the same as the direction of rotation of the rotor, regardless of the current velocity, otherwise it acts on the seabed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2008

This study was performed in 14 unthinned Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 70 sample trees of different canopy position with diameter at breast height (DBH) ranging from 6.9 cm to 34.5 cm. Diameter and length of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by different vertical levels divided by relative knot height (RHK) in this paper. Models taking DBH and height to the crown base (HCB) as independent variables were developed to predict knot diameter (KD) in a sample whorl. According to the vertical distribution tendency and range of sound knot length (KLsound), KLsound was modeled as multiple linear function of DBH, KD and relative knot height (RHK). The loose knot length (KLloose) was described as a function of DBH, KD and height above the ground for knots (HK) in a mixed log-linear model. Results from this study can provide abundant knot information so as to describe the knot size and vertical distribution tendency of Mongolian pine plantation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

Hull form development of the medium size high speed fishery patrol ship was carried out in the CWC at Chosun university. Same size of 15 knots class fishery patrol ship was selected as a parent form(Model number : CU-015), and modified fore and after body hull form under the slightly lengthened lo be suitable for the operation at 20 knots. To minimize the breaking wave in the vicinity of fore body at high speed zone, high bulb and sharp entrance angle were adapted. Meanwhile, to enlarge the engine room space keeping high resistance and sea-keeping Performance, U-type stern hull form was developed. Although the hull form was highly constrained in being limited to modification of a parent hull form significant wave resistance improvement was made.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.5 s.54
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• pp.88-94
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• 2003

A series of tests of 5 model ships, selected from a data survey of 10 Gross Tonnage actual fishing boats, were performed in two circulating water channels (Chosun University in Korea and WJFEL in Japan), in order to develop the basic hull form of a 25 knots-class fishing boat. Resistance tests, trim and sinkage measurements and wave pattern observations etc., were included in each I1wdel test, and the model test results were compared and analyzed. The result was as follows: P-4 hull form ship changed into Deep V type bow is the best hull form with good performance, especially with regard to ship's resistance efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Japanese cedar has low density and poor mechanical performance. Manufacturing glue-laminated timber (glulam) is the best way to compensate for its poor mechanical performance. The Korean Standard (KS) confines outermost lamina of glulam to higher grade than E8, but the yield of higher than grade E8 from logs is only 6.5%. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of non-Korean-Standard glulam in structural applications. Allowable stresses determined by both hand-calculation and Monte-Carlo simulation show a higher allowable stress than that of the KS-standard glulam of 6S-22B. In the Korean Standard (KS), knot characteristics are not taken into account. Japanese cedar has relatively small knots. We believe that the small knots in Japanese cedar contribute to a higher allowable stress than the KS-standard glulam would predict. The species classification of KS is required to be further subdivided into sub-species groups based on knot characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.8 s.108
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

This study is to examine the Hyangnag used in China. Results of the study can be described as below. 1. Hyangnang was also called Hyangdae, Hyanghapo, Hunnang and Chunnang. Perfumes were used to make the body and clothes diffuse a good fragrance. And Perfumes were used to prevent insects and remove related pollutions. It was possible to prevent insects when perfumes were burnt out. 2. In the Han, Song, Yao and Win periods, Hyangnang had Cylinderical, Rectangular, Cylinderical and Rectangular, Circular and Calabach types. These various types were developed into one, Norigae type, in the period of Ching. 3. Hyangnang were decorated mainly with embroideries, knots and seams. Embroideries were applied always onto the surface of Hyangnang. Knots were used mainly in the Song and Win periods, decorative seams were used mainly in the Ching. 4. From the Han to Yao periods, Hyangnang was made of perforate textiles like na and Sa for practical reasons, making perfume smells more easily diffused. From the Win to Ching periods, Hyangang was made of dense textiles like silk and Dan, which could be easily embroidered for decoration purposes. 5. Hyangnang was often hanged down from the waistband and up onto the fore chest or the elbow, or put into the liner of the sleeve. 6. Hyangnang has immanent implications of symbolism, ideology and aristocraticism.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.48-56
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• 2017

The steady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional numerical analysis was carried out to evaluate the velocity fields around the seabed tiller used for the improvement of the seabed soil and the pulling force and buoyancy generated by driving the seabed tiller. The turbulence model used in this study is a realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ well known to be excellent for predicting the performance of the flow separation and recirculation flow as well as the boundary layer with rotation and strong back pressure gradient. As a results, a typical vortex pair appears near the adjacent rotor vane tip. When the current is stopped, there is no force when pulling the seabed tiller, but when the current flows at 1.2 knots, the force acts on the downstream side and the pulling force is much greater. In stationary currents, the buoyancy of the seabed tiller acts more strongly towards the seabed as the number of rotations of the rotor increases, but acts more strongly toward the sea surface at 1.2 knots of current.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.567-575
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• 2014

In recent times, an obvious strategy in liner shipping markets that has come to the fore is slow steaming. Nowadays, most liner shipping companies have decelerated the voyage speed to 15-18 knots on major routes, and some leading liner shipping companies have a plan to reduce it to below 15 knots. Slow steaming is helpful in reducing the operating cost and the amount of greenhouse-gas emissions on a single vessel with lower fuel consumption. However, it also creates various negative effects such as the opportunity cost, additional fixed costs and an in-transit inventory cost on a loop. Hence, the net operating cost on a loop is changing dynamically due to the changes of voyage speed based on various slow steaming effects. The aim of this study is to analyze the slow steaming effects in the liner shipping, and to find the best voyage speed that minimizes the operating cost on a loop. Moreover, this study suggests the recommendable strategy for liner shipping companies. To achieve the aim of this study, a simulation model has been designed using System Dynamics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.313-320
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• 2005

This study was performed in a 38-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantation in northeast China. Data were collected from 5 sample trees with different canopy position ranging in DBH from 14.6 cm to 23.8 cm. Sawn speciments that included the biggest knot were taken from the stem below the living crown. Number and distribution of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by relative height below living crown (RHBC). A linear model expressed as function of whorl age (AGE), whorl height ($H_k$) and the stem diameter at which the whorl was located ($D_k$) was developed to predict the knot diameter and angle. The number of annual rings in four periods and the width of respective zone alone stem were used as dependant variables to analyze the knot develop phases. In average, the number of years from branch birth to ceased forming rings was 7.8, the branches remained alive for 4.2 years without forming annual rings, and branches were occluded 14.4 years after their death. These results can provide abundance branch and knot information so as to describe current and past tree growth dynamic of Mongolian pine plantation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.245-250
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• 2003

Hull form development and Anti-rolling tank of G/T 360ton class fishery patrol ship was carried out in the CWC at Chosun university, cooperatively with WJFEL(The West Japan Fluid Engineering Laboratory). Same size of 15 knots class fishery patrol ship was selected as a parent form(Model number: CU-015), and modified fore and after body hull form under the slightly lengthened to be suitable for the operation at 20 knots. This paper investigated for a rolling performance and an effective using method when fishery patrol ship was equipped with anti-rolling tank. On several occasions of rolling test was made reference to design data of a similar ship. Although the hull form was highly constrained in being limited to modification of a parent hull form, significant wave resistance improvement was made.