• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.548-553
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• 2014

In order to evaluate the performance of arrow that manufactures through production process, it is used that personal experiences such as hunters who have been using bow and arrow for a long time, technicians who produces leisure and sports equipment, and experts related with this industries. Also, the intensity of arrow's impact point which obtains from repeated shooting experiments is an important indicator for evaluating the performance of arrow. There are some ongoing researches for evaluating performance of arrow using intensity of the arrow's impact point and the arrow's flying image that obtained from high-speed camera. However, the research that deals with mutual relation between distribution of the arrow's impact point and characteristics of the arrow (length, weight, spine, overlap, straightness) is not enough. Therefore, this paper suggests both the system that could describes the distribution of the arrow's impact point into numerical representation and the correlation model between characteristics of arrow and impact points. The inputs of the model are characteristics of arrow (spine, straightness). And the output is MAD (mean absolute distance) of triangular shaped coordinates that could be obtained from 3 times repeated shooting by changing knock degree 120. The input-output data is collected for learning the correlation model, and ANN (artificial neural network) is used for implementing the model.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2011

Aquaporin is a water channel protein, which is classified as Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP), found in almost all organisms from bacteria to human. To date, more than 200 members of this family were identified. There are two major categories of MIP channels, orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins, which facilitate the diffusion across biological membranes of water or glycerol and other uncharged compounds, respectively. The full genome sequencing of various fungal species revealed 3 to 5 aquaporins in their genome. Although some functions of aquaporins found in yeast were characterized, however, no functional characteristics were studied so far in filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus sp. In this study, one orthodox aquaporin homolog gene, aqpA, and four aquaglyceroporin homologs, aqpB-E, in a model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans were identified and the function of the aqpA gene was characterized. Knock-out of the aqpA gene didn't show any obvious phenotypic change under the osmotic stress, indicating that the function of the gene does not involved in the osmotic stress response or the function could be redundant. However, the mutant showed antifungal susceptibility resistance phenotype, suggesting that the function of the aqpA gene could be involved in sensing the antifungal substances rather than the osmotic stress response.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.14
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• 2020

Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3+ subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.82-96
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Coleoptera communities inhabiting the crowns of the Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.). Four plantations of the Korean pine, stand A (11 years old), stand B(21 years old), stand C(31 years old), and stand D(46 years old), were selected in Sudong-myen, Namyangju-gun, Kyeonggi-do. Sampling was done by knock down methods using insectide(DDVP), which was conducted from April, 1986 to September, 1987, except for the winter season. The following major conclusions are drawn from this study : 1. The total number of Coleoptera was 107 species of 85 genera in 35 families : 83 species of 66 genera in 27 families in 1986 and 74 species of 52 genera in 30 families in 1987. 2. The abundant families, based on the number of species, were Staphylinidae (16.8%), Coccinellidae(7.5%), Chrysomlidae(6.5%), Curculionidae(6.5.%), and Cerambycidae(5.6%). These five families occupied 43.0% of the total number of species. 3. The important families, based on the number of individuals, were Cantharidae(28.2%), Catopidae(27.7%), and Coccinellidae(23.0%). These three families occupied 78.9% of the total number of individuals. 4. The important species, based on the number of individuals, were Podabrus sp. (22.6%, C-antharidae), Catnps sp. 1 (21.7%. Catopidae), Anatis halonis (15.2%. Coccinellidae). Dominant species was Podabrus sp. (25.2% in 1986 and Catops sp. 1(24.9%) in 1987. 5. Generally, more spices and individual numbers were found in older stands than in younger ones. 6. The Coleoptera communities decreased in the thinned stand (stand C). Such a phenomenon in the thinned stand was likely to last two or more years. 7. The Coleoptera communities reached their peak of abundance in May, and decreased thereafter.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2006

NFI-C null mice demonstrated aberrant odontoblast differentiation and thus abnormal dentin formation while other tissues/organs in the body, including ameloblasts, appear to be unaffected and normal. However little is known about the mechanism of NFI-C function in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Odontoblasts are tall, highly polarized cells that are responsible for formation and maintenance of the predentin and dentin. An indication of their polarity is the acquisition of specialized intercellular junctions. As preodontoblasts differentiate into odontoblasts, they are Joined and attached at the apical end by well developed terminal webs of cytoskeletal actins, and associated tight as well as adherent njunctions. In this study, in order to investigate if disruption of the NFI-C gene interferes with formation of a specific or other structural proteins of the intercellular junctions, we examined morphological characteristic of the aberrant odontoblast in NFI-C null mice using light and electron microscope. In addition, we determined the expression of major structural proteins of intercellular junctions, ZO-1 and occludin, during the differentiation of odontoblasts using immunohitochemistry. The results were as follows : 1. In light microscopy, abnormal odontoblasts of incisors of the NFI-C null mice were round in shape, lost their polarity, and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. Mutant molars have relatively normal crowns, but short and abnormal differentiating adontoblasts in root formation area. 2. Electron microscopy of abnormal odontoblasts revealed the dissociation of the round osteoblast-like cells, the loss of their cellular polarity, and the absence of an intercellular junctional complex known as the tight junctions. 3. A mutant incisor showed labeling for ZO-1 at the proximal and distal ends of secreting ameloblasts, while staining for ZO-1 was not observed in the abnormal odontoblasts. 4. A normal incisor showed immunoreactivity for occludin in the differentiating odontoblasts. However, staining for occludin was not observed in the abnormal odontoblasts of mutant incisor. These results suggest that NFI-C gene causes dissociation of odontoblast and thus abberant odontoblast differentiation and abnormal dentin formation by interfering with the formation of intercellular junctions.