• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

Purpose: In case of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, graft tendon is generally fixed in tibial tunnel with knee extended. When reconstructing ACL using hamstring tendon, the authors aim to find out the effect of knee joint position during graft fixation on postoperative knee joint stability and range of motion. Materials and Methods: Prospective study was done on patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon from May 2002 to January 2003 We used Rigifix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA) and Intrafix system for fixation. Thirty nine patients received ACL reconstruction during this period. Excluding 2 patients lost in the follow-up, 37 patients were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 14 months $(13{\sim}25months)$. Knee position was decided alternatively without any bias. Clinical evaluation was based on Lachman test, pivot shift test, Lysholm score, IKDC(international knee documentation committee) assessment and side to side KT-1000 maximal manual arthrometer difference. Results: After the last follow-up, average postoperative Lysholm score was 93.1 poins(65-98points). According to IKDC score, 26 cases were normal, 10 cases were nearly normal, 1 case was abnormal and we had no case of severe abnormality. The mean difference from the normal side was 2.5 mm under maximal manual loading KT-1000 arthrometer. According to postoperative Lachman test, 32 cases were normal,2 cases were grade I and 1 case was grade II. There were 34 cases of normal, 2 cases of grade I and 1 case of grade II. When using maximal manual KT-1000 arthrometer side to side difference, the difference from the normal side while fixing the tibia at 20'knee flexion was 2.3 mm and at full extention the difference was 2.7 mm. The range of motion at postoperative 1 year showed 5 degree flexion contracture in 1 case at 20 degrees knee flexion and 10 degrees of flexion limitation was observed in 2 cases at full extension. Conclusion: When ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon, anterior laxity showed no difference in its stability between two groups. Tibial side fixation at full extension may be helpful in preventing flexion contracture due to overconstrained graft tendon.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal forces in the frontal plane acting on a pedal due to the vertical alignment of the lower limbs. Method: Seven male subjects (age: $25.3{\pm} 0.8years$, height: $175.4{\pm}4.7cm$, weight: $74.7{\pm}14.2kg$, foot size: $262.9{\pm}7.6mm$) participated in two 2-minute cycle pedaling tests, with the same load and cadence (60 revolutions per minute) across all subjects. The subject's saddle height was determined by the height when the knee was at $25^{\circ}$ flexion when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position (knee angle method). The horizontal force acting on the pedal, vertical force acting on the pedal in the frontal plane, ratio of the two forces, and knee range of motion in the frontal plane were calculated for four pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$) and the complete pedaling cycle. Results: The range of motion of the knee in the frontal plane was decreased, and the ratio of vertical force to horizontal force and overall pedal force in the complete cycle were increased after vertical alignment. Conclusion: The ratio of vertical force to horizontal force in the frontal plane may be used as an injury prevention index of the lower limb.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tensor fasciae latae length on the rotation of pelvis during one leg stance. Methods : 41 healthy adults participated in this study. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was measured using 3-dimensional motion analyzer, during one leg stance. The movement of the pelvis and trunk was collected lateral shift, rotation, side bending, and flexion-extension. Tensor fasciae latae length of subjects was measured in sidelying positon with neutral position of hip joint and flexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. Also, the range of motion of hip exteral and interal rotaion were measured in prone position wih lexion $90^{\circ}$ of knee. The subjects were separated 2 groups that more pelvic rotation group(n=15) and less pelvic rotation group(n=15) according to the degree of pelvic rotation. Results : The more pelvic rotation group was showed significantly higher in the ROM of hip external rotation than less pelvic rotation group(p<0.05). The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significant difference between groups. During one leg stance, The movement of the shifting and flexion-extension of trunk and pelvis were not showed significant difference. But the side bending and the rotation of pelvis and trunk showed significant difference between groups. Conclusion : The difference of tensor fasciae latae length not showed significantly in more pelvic rotation group and less pelvic rotation group. But, this study suggests that the pelvis instability brings the instability of the trunk during one leg stance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2009

K. H. KIM, J. H. CHO, and S. C. LEE, The Effect of Taping on Lower Extremity during Jump Landing in Subjects with Functional Ankle Instability. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 265-272, 2009. Ankle taping is thought that it can be very useful in clinical setting for reducing injury. However, the studies of ankle taping is focused only ankle joint. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of taping on lower extremity during jump landing in subjects with functional ankle instability. we collected the data from VICON. Joint range of motion for sagittal plane, frontal plane and transverse plane were measured during a jump-landing task. Taping used in this study appeared to restrict ankle motion with altering the knee and hip joint ROM. We found ankle taping had effects of reducing PF, initial contact PF in sagittal plane, while increasing knee flexion, hip flexion, intial contact hip flexion statistically. It decreased ankle inversion, knee valgus, initial contact knee valgus, hip abduction in frontal plane and ankle abduction, hip internal rotation in transverse plane statistically. Ankle taping showed significant change Knee and hip joint ROM with ankle joint ROM.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to use the muscle energy technique (MET) with total knee replacement (TKR) during the chronic phase in a clinical setting and confirm its effects on the knee extensor strength and ROM, balance, and walking ability. Methods: A total of 20 female patients who underwent TKR 1~4 years ago were assigned to two groups (Control: Q setting exercise+general physical therapy, n=10; Exp: MET+general physical therapy, n=10). Interventions were performed three times a week for 4 weeks. The strength of the knee extensor was evaluated using an aneroid sphygmomanometer, and ROM was evaluated using degrees at the end range on active knee flexion. The main balance outcomes were evaluated using two standard scale (TSS) and timed up and go (TUG) test, whereas the walking ability was evaluated using the 10 meter walk test (10MWT). Results: Analysis showed that both groups had significant increases in strength, ROM, TSS, TUG, and 10MWT. Differences in all variables were significant between the control and Exp groups at the post-intervention evaluation (p<.05). However, no significant difference was observed in strength and TUG. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that MET would help improve the strength, ROM, balance, and walking ability of patients with chronic TKR who want to enhance their abilities and performance in activities of daily living.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.206-212
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the lasting effects of the flossing band technique, dynamic and static stretching on hamstring on range of motion (ROM), muscle activity, and proprioception to identify the most effective pre-exercise method for preventing injuries. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly assigned to the flossing band (FB), dynamic stretching (DS), and static stretching (SS) groups, with 10 subjects in each. Measurements included muscle activity of the biceps femoris vis surface electromyography, knee ROM and proprioception during active knee extension and flexion using a smart joint goniometer. Assessments were conducted before, immediately after, 15, and 30 minutes after each intervention. Results: Proprioception showed no significant differences among groups at any time point. Significant differences in knee ROM were observed in the FB group (except between 15 and 30 minutes after), DS group (except between immediately after and 15 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after), and SS group (except between before and 15 minutes after, and between before and 30 minutes after). Muscle activity in the FB (except between before and 30 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after) and SS (between before and immediately after, between immediately after and 30 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after) groups showed significant differences, while the DS group exhibited no significant changes. Conclusion: Although direct comparisons did not establish superiority, within-group analyses indicated that the flossing band technique exhibited longer-lasting effects than dynamic and static stretching, providing valuable insights for injury prevention program design.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental information for the enhancement of performance through kinematic analysis of cornering according to the radius of curve course in short track speed skating. To perform this study, six skaters: three narrow radius players(N, body mass: $56.0{\pm}7.2$ kg, height: $163.7{\pm}5.1$ cm, age: $21.3{\pm}1.5$ yrs) and three wide radius players(W, body mass: $61.0{\pm}9.5$ kg, height: $169.0{\pm}4.4$ cm, age: $20.0{\pm}1.7$ yrs). Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on the section from the forth block starting to show the change of radius to the sixth block using eight infrared cameras(sampling frequency of 100 Hz for N and W players). The time of push-off was greater for N than for W(p<.05) while the radius of center of mass was greater for W than for N(p<.05). The flexion and extension of knee and hip joint were greater for N than for W(p<.05). The external rotation of left knee joint was greater for N than for W(p<.05). Based on the findings, a small radius by increasing the range of the flexion and extension of knee and hip joint with greater external rotation of left knee joint would be related to more efficient run at curve. It is expected that these results will be useful in developing a training program for enhancing performance of short track speed skating athletes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how exercise intensity affects muscle activity and kinematic variables during squat. Method: Fifteen trainers with >5 years of experience were recruited. For the electromyography (EMG) measurements, four surface electrodes were attached to both sides of the lower extremity to monitor the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris. Three digital camcorders were used to obtain three-dimensional kinematics of the body. Each subject performed a squat in different conditions (40% one-repetition maximum [40%1RM], 60%1RM, and 80%1RM). For each trial being analyzed, three critical instants and two phases were identified from the video recording. For each dependent variable, one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among the three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: The results showed that the average integrated EMG values of the RF were significantly greater in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM during the extension phase. The temporal parameter was significantly longer in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the extension phase. The joint angle of the knee was significantly greater in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM at flexion. The range of motion of the knee was significantly less in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the flexion phase and the extension phase. The angular velocity was significantly less in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the extension phase. Conclusion: Generally, the increase of muscle strength decreases the pace of motion based on the relation between the strength and speed of muscle. In this study, we also found that the increase of exercise intensity may contribute to the increase of the muscle activity of the RF and the running time in the extension phase during squat motion. We observed that increased exercise intensity may hinder the regulation of the range of motion and joint angle. It is suitable to perform consistent movements while controlling the proper range of motion to maximize the benefit of resistance training.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2023

Background: Although warm-ups before exercise are widely accepted, research on sex differences in improving hamstring flexibility is limited. Differences in the physical and physiological characteristics between males and females may result in different responses to warm-ups. Objects: This study aimed to examine sex differences in the effects of specific warm-up on hamstring flexibility. Methods: This study included 24 young adults with hamstring tightness. The participants performed five maximal knee extensions and flexions at 90° flexion of the hip, and the maximal knee extension angle was measured in real-time using a smartphone clinometer application. Results: The groups did not significantly affect the maximal knee extension angle but showed a significant effect for repetition (p = 0.002) and group-repetition interaction (p = 0.002). Males had no significant change in hamstring flexibility; however, females showed a significant increase in flexibility in the 5^th trial compared with the 1^st trial (p = 0.041). These results demonstrated sex-specific differences in flexibility improvement over time. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that specific warm-up can successfully improve hamstring flexibility in females. This may be due to various factors, such as muscle stiffness of the lower extremity, estrogen levels, and temperature sensitivity. In clinical settings, specific warm-up might be helpful for females who participate in sports or activities, such as running or jumping, which require a full range of motion in the hip and knee joints.