• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.337-344
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• 2019

The purpose of this study men and women 20 to 30 of 16 patients wearing thick insoles 5cm before and after squat exercise based on the angle of the knee joint(0-, 60-, 90-degree) was to observe the muscle activities. For this through the analysis of the rectus femoris EMG, vatus medialis vatus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius MVIC were quantified using. The results following results were obtained. After wearing the thick insole standing position(0') had increased EMG activity of vastus lateralis muscle, the knee angle is rectus femoris, vatus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscles were increased muscle activity. thick insole of the ankle joint, causing plantar flexion forward weight distritbution by focusing is normally the body would lead to an array. When an array of everyday life, these abnormalities increases energy consumption, and muscle fatigue, increase will cause an imbalance in the muscles. Therefore, wearing thick insoles by changing the activity of the muscles may cause knee pain.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate Influence on intra-limb coordination in individuals wearing knee brace during walking. Seven healthy male adults ($32.3{\pm}2.7$ years old, $175.2{\pm}3.8cm$, $76.2{\pm}8.7kg$) participated. They wore knee brace or didn't wear any knee brace and were asked to walk along a 10 m long walkway. Spatiotemporal parameters, angles of the lower limbs, and intra-limb continuous relative phase (CRP) were measured and calculated. No differences of spatiotemporal parameters were shown (all p > 0.05). There were no changes in the angle and its range of motion (ROM) in the hip for the subjects as wearing knee brace, while ROM ($65.5{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ vs. $60.5{\pm}3.5^{\circ}$, p < 0.05) of the angle and maximum flexion angles (stance: $31.9{\pm}4.6$ vs. $25.6{\pm}5.5$, swing: $76.7{\pm}3.1$ vs. $68.9{\pm}3.4$, all p < 0.05) in the knee significantly decreased. No changes in ROM of angle in the ankle were shown, whereas maximum dorsiflexion decreased ($22.4{\pm}2.6$ vs. $19.2{\pm}2.1$, p < 0.05) and maximum plantarflexion increased ($9.5{\pm}3.0$ vs. $15.7{\pm}2.2$, p<0.05). There were no changes in most of CRP between joints. CRP between the hip and knee joints decreased ($93.0{\pm}7.8$ vs, $84.7{\pm}4.9$, p < 0.05). Most of CRP standard deviation increased (between the hip and ankle joint during swing: $25.1{\pm}6.7$ vs. $32.4{\pm}1.9$, between the knee and ankle joint during stance: $46.0{\pm}12.9$ vs. $80.1{\pm}31.1$, between the knee and ankle joint during swing: $34.5{\pm}4.1$ vs. $37.6{\pm}3.1$, all p < 0.05). These results indicated that wearing knee brace affected joint angle and intra-limb coordination, but less affected gait features.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

Gait analysis has been conducted in various environments, but the biomechanics during the transition from uphill walking to downhill walking have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during walking on a triangle-shaped slope compared with those during level walking. Kinematic and kinetic data of eighteen participants were obtained using a force plate and motion capture system. The greater peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and moment and the peak knee extension moment were observed (p<0.05) during both uphill and downhill walking on the triangle-shaped slope. In summary, uphill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which showed a peak knee flexion of more than $50^{\circ}$ with greater peak knee extension moment, could increase the risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Downhill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which involved greater ankle dorsiflexion excursion and peak ankle dorsiflexion, could cause gastrocnemius muscle strain and Achilles tendon overuse injury.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal forces in the frontal plane acting on a pedal due to the vertical alignment of the lower limbs. Method: Seven male subjects (age: $25.3{\pm} 0.8years$, height: $175.4{\pm}4.7cm$, weight: $74.7{\pm}14.2kg$, foot size: $262.9{\pm}7.6mm$) participated in two 2-minute cycle pedaling tests, with the same load and cadence (60 revolutions per minute) across all subjects. The subject's saddle height was determined by the height when the knee was at $25^{\circ}$ flexion when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position (knee angle method). The horizontal force acting on the pedal, vertical force acting on the pedal in the frontal plane, ratio of the two forces, and knee range of motion in the frontal plane were calculated for four pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$) and the complete pedaling cycle. Results: The range of motion of the knee in the frontal plane was decreased, and the ratio of vertical force to horizontal force and overall pedal force in the complete cycle were increased after vertical alignment. Conclusion: The ratio of vertical force to horizontal force in the frontal plane may be used as an injury prevention index of the lower limb.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a kinematic and kinetic analysis of double-under jump rope technique according to skill level and sex. Method: Participants comprised a skilled group of 16 (9 males, 7 females), and an unskilled group of 16 with 6 months or less of experience (9 males, 7 females). Five consecutive double-under successes were regarded as 1 trial, and all participants were asked to complete 3 successful trials. The data for these 3 trials were averaged and analyzed after collecting the stable third jump in each trial. The variables used in the analysis included phase duration, total duration, flight time, vertical toe height, stance width, vertical center of mass displacement, and right lower limb ankle, knee, and hip joint angles in the sagittal plane during all events. Results: The skilled group had a shorter phase and total duration and a shorter flight time than the unskilled group. The vertical center of mass displacement and ankle dorsiflexion angle were significantly smaller in the skilled group. The male group had a shorter phase duration than the female group. The vertical toe height was greater, the stance width was smaller, and the ankle and hip flexion angles were smaller in the male group. Conclusion: Variables that can be used to distinguish between skill levels are phase and total duration, flight time, vertical center of mass displacement, and ankle dorsiflexion angle. Differences between sexes in double-under jump rope technique may be related to lower limb flexion angle control.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

The purpose of this report was to describe the gait pattern and parameters of the complicated bilateral amputee with right transtibial and left tarsometatarsal amputation. Using a Vicon 370 three dimensional gait analysis system, the gait analysis was performed at pre and post-test. Treadmill Training with 15 degree, incline was practiced for 8weeks, 3times per week. In linear parameters, the Velocity, Stride length and Single limb support were increased than pre-test. but Cadence and Double limb support were less post-test than pre-test. In kinematics, the maximal pelvic tilt angle showed right side $21.87^{\circ}$, left side $20.67^{\circ}$ at pre-swing phase, and decreased as compared with pre-test. Especially, the inimal hip flexion angle showed right side $-6.83^{\circ}$, left side $1.52^{\circ}$ at pre-swing phase and increased as compared with pre-test. The maximal knee flexion angle disclosed right side $2.66^{\circ}$, left side $21.71^{\circ}$ at stance phase, and decreased as compared with pre-test. In kinetics, the hip extension moment on initial contact stage was right side 0.938NM/Kg, left side 0.09NM/Kg, which was impaired compared with normal person.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.364-375
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data for the fall prevention by analyzing the kinematic difference between the lower limb joints and the lower extremities in elderly people's walking given the lower-limb resistance exercises. For this, three-dimensional image analysis was carried out by selecting 7 elderly women from over 70s to under 80 years old. To obtain the three-dimensional location coordinates in the lower limb joints and the lower extremities, it shot with 100Hz/s by using MCU(Qualisys, Sweden) camera. The shot image gained raw data on the location coordinates by using QTM(Qualisys, Sweden). As a result of calculating three-dimensional angle by using program of Matlab 6.5, the following conclusions were obtained. Flexion and extension in the thigh and the lower-leg extremities were indicated to be big in motion of flexion after exercising at E5. Foot segment indicated statistical difference while showing eversion at E4. Knee joints showed flexion at E4 after exercising. Ankle joints showed statistical difference while indicating motion in inversion at E3 and in eversion at E4(p<.05).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of young adults during descent ramp climbing at different inclinations. Twenty-three subjects descended four steps at four different inclinations (level, $-8^{\circ}$, $-16^{\circ}$, $-24^{\circ}$). The 3-D kinematics were measured by a camera-based Falcon System. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The kinematics of descent ramp walking could be clearly distinguished from the kinematics of level walking. On a sagittal plane, the ankle joint was more plantar flexed at initial contact with $-16^{\circ}/-24^{\circ}$ inclination, was decreased in the toe off position with all inclinations (p<.001),and was decreased at maximum plantar flexion during the swing phase (p<.001). The knee joint was more flexed at initial contact with the $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.001), was more flexed in the toe off position with all inclinations (p<.001), and was more flexed at minimum flexion during stance phase and at maximum flexion during swing phase with $-16^{\circ}$, $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.001). The hip joint was more flexed in the toe off position with $-16^{\circ}$, $-24^{\circ}$ inclination and was deceased at maximum extension during stance phase with $-16^{\circ}$, $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.05). In the frontal plane, the ankle joint was more everted at maximum eversion during stance phase with $-16^{\circ}/-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.01) and was decreased at maximum inversion during swing phase with $-16^{\circ}$, $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.01). The knee joint was more increased at maximum varus during stance phase with $-16^{\circ}/-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.001). The hip joint was deceased at maximum adduction during stance phase with $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.05). In a horizontal plane, only the knee joint was increased at maximum internal rotation during stance phase with $-24^{\circ}$ inclination (p<.05). In descent ramp walking, the different gait patterns occurred at an inclination of over $16^{\circ}$ on the descending ramp in the sagittal and frontal planes. These results suggest that there is a certain inclination angle or angular range where subjects do switch between level walking and descent ramp walking gait patterns.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic differences in back pike somersault in platform diving according to skill level and to apply the findings to improve performance. Method: Korean divers participating in this study were divided into a skilled group (age: $21.6{\pm}4.16y$, height: $1.68{\pm}0.03m$, weight: $62.0{\pm}3.94kg$, career: $12.6{\pm}5.13y$) and a less-skilled group (age: $20.6{\pm}2.7y$, height: $1.72{\pm}0.05m$, weight: $64.8{\pm}6.76kg$, career: $12.2{\pm}2.49y$) and an independent t-test was performed to analyze differences between groups at the moment of takeoff. Results: The two groups showed significant differences in displacement and velocity of center of mass (COM), takeoff angle, hip joint angle, knee joint angular velocity, and hip joint angular velocity at the takeoff (p<.05), and significant differences in displacement of COM, hip joint, and ankle joint during flight (p<.05). Conclusion: For a successful back pike, the COM should rise quickly in the vertical direction and the hip joint angle and angular velocity should increase. To improve performance, the back pike turn should be practiced on the ground before an attempt on a 10-m platform, to stretch the ankle and knee joints and enable quick flexion of the hip joint when turning in flight.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is body parameters characteristics through posture analysis system of musculoskeletal problem patient Methods : Posture analysis system were performed for 164 patients to measure body parameters such as Q-angle, body inclination, neck inclination, PCMT(posterior cervical muscle tension), Knee flexion and posture balance. Statistical analysis using statistical analysis techniques and Pearson correlation coefficients was performed to assess the body parameters obtained by posture analysis system. Results : More than half of people out of 164 reported low back pain, 34.8% of the total was found to have neck pain. There was not a significant difference between genders from the characteristics of gender based body parameters expect for the statistical difference in Q angle, PCMT. There was a significant correlation between low back pain and multiple response status. There was a significant correlations between knee pain and Q angle. Also There was a significant correlations between pelvic pain and posture balance of ankle. Conclusions : Posture analysis system can be used to perform the analysis in place of X-ray measuring body posture and clinical parameters. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for further research on the clinical application of posture analysis system.