• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of landing height on the lower extremity during a counter movement jump. Fourteen healthy male subjects (age: $27.00{\pm}2.94$ yr, height: $179.07{\pm}5.03$ cm, weight: $78.79{\pm}6.70$ kg) participated in this study. Each subject randomly performed three single-leg jumps after s single-leg drop landing (counter movement jump) on a force platform from a 20 cm and 30 cm platform. Paired t-test (SPSS 18.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was performed to determine the difference in kinematics and kinetics according to the height. All significance levels were set at p<.05. The results were as follows. First, ankle and knee joint angles in the sagittal plane increased in response to increasing landing height. Second, ankle and knee joint angles in the frontal plane increased in response to increasing landing height. Third, there were no significant differences in the moment of each segment in the sagittal plane for the jumping height increment. Fourth, ankle eversion moment and knee valgus moment decreased but hip abduction moment increased for the jumping height increment. Fifth, Ankle and knee joint powers increased. In percentage contribution, the ankle joint increased but the knee and hip joints decreased at a greater height. Lastly, as jumping height increased, the power generation at the ankle joint increased. Our findings indicate that the height increment affect on the landing mechanism the might augment loads at the ankle and knee joints.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

This case study was performed to assess the effectiveness of taping therapy for the patient who have patellofemoral joint pain during knee extension exercise. The results were as follows: 1. Pain degree of VAS was decreased at every taping therapy. 2. A number of knee extension was increased at every taping therapy. 3. Diameter of quadriceps was increased at every taping therapy. 4. Pattern of gait was normalized at every taping therapy. We found improve of pain degree, a number of knee extension, diameter of quadriceps, and pattern of gait. These results are imply that taping therapy may have effectiveness to those who have patellofemoral joint pain during knee extension exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of open kinetic chain exercise (OKCE) and closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) using knee reposition sensing on balance, strength, and knee joint reposition sense (JPS) in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-nine hemiplegic patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups, CKCE, OKCE, and controls, with 9, 10, and 10 participants, respectively. The CKCE group completed CKCE using knee reposition sensing, whereas the OKCE group completed OKCE using knee reposition sensing. The control group completed conventional physical therapy. Results: Significant differences between the CKCE and OKCE groups were apparent for all outcomes except the functional reaching test. The CKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee JPS versus the OKCE and control groups (p<0.01). The OKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee extensor muscle strength versus the CKCE and control groups (p<0.05). The CKCE and OKCE groups displayed significantly improvements in static balance versus the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: CKCE and OKCE improved balance, strength, and knee JPS. Additionally, CKCE might provide a more useful intervention benefit than OKCE for increasing knee JPS, a weight-bearing task. OKCE was sufficient to improve the knee extensor muscle strength.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.493-509
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• 1998

Osteoarthritis(degenerative joint disease), the most common arthropathy affecting the aged people, is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage with proliferation and remodeling of subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis of the knee, which probably has greater social cost and more associated disability than osteoarthritis of any other joint, prevalence is known to increase with age, and females have higher rates than males; radiographic abnormalities are present in more than 30% of persons more than 65 years old, with approximately 40% of these persons symptomatic. Though the etiology of osteoarthritis is not entirely understood, much information is available regarding risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis that permit some reasonable guideline for preventive strategies. Traumatic damage or occupational or recreational overuse of knee joint may result in osteoarthritis, and obesity also is related to osteoarthritis of the knee. A variety of other possible risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis have been proposed, including increased bone mass, smoking, diseases such as diabetes or elevated serum uric acid, and some metabolic factors, but the contribustions of these and other factors such as smoking or race and diseases such as diabetes are as yet undetermined. The usual clinical manifestations include pain, stiffnesss, crepitus and loss of function. In oriental medicine, osteoarthritis of the knee is very similar to diseases such as Bijung(痺症), Haksulpung(鶴膝風), Youkjeolpung(歷節風) in symptoms. The diseases such as Bijung(痺症), Haksuipung(鶴膝風), Youkjeolpung(歷節風) is related to the of function liver(肝) and kidney(腎) and risk factors are regarded as Pung(風), Han(寒), sub(濕). The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee has often been based on radiographic appearance and clinical manifestations. The acupuncture therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee has often been based on Stomach meridian(ST), Spleen meridian(SP), Kidney meridian(KI), Liver meridian(LR).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side on knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The primary experiment was conducted on 19 members of the cycle ergometer exercise group to measure the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles during cycle ergometer exercise that induced the affected side's movement. In the second experiment, after receiving physiotherapeutic intervention for 30 min, the general bicycle exercise group and cycle ergometer exercise group performed the corresponding exercise for 15 min, 5 times per week, for 2 weeks. The ROM, muscle strength, pain, and balance were then measured and compared between the two groups. Results: In the results of the primary experiment, cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side showed a significantly larger increase in the activity of leg muscles (rectusfemoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) on the affected side than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). In the second experiment, the cycle ergometer exercise group showed a significantly larger increase in range of movement of affected side knee flexion and muscle strength of affected side knee flexion, knee extension, and plantarflexion than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). No significant between-group difference was observed in pain and balance before or after the intervention (p >0.05). Conclusion: Cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side increases use of the muscles around the affected side knee joint after TKA more than general bicycle exercise and produces better effects for enhancing muscle strength. The application of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side is expected to reduce the patients' unbalanced use during the early postoperative period and help them to quickly return to normal daily life through rapid muscle strength recovery.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of knee brace on anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors during one-legged landing of female gymnasts. Eleven female gymnasts were recruited and performed randomly one-legged drop landing in height of her's knee with (3times) and without (3times) knee brace. Kinematics and ground reaction data were collected to estimate the anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors. Data were analyzed with paired samples t-test. Female gymnasts with knee brace showed more reduced the distance from ankle joint center to knee joint center in sagittal plane and knee maximum joint torque than without knee brace. In conclusion, Female gymnasts with knee brace reduced anterior cruciate ligament stress.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

This study researched into the left-right inclination of the rear foot at the lower limb joints, knee joint angle, angular velocity of the knee joint, angular acceleration and the max. Based on the analysis of kinematics according to the changes in the height of step box (6, 8, 10 inches) during step aerobics of female college students majoring in physical education. The findings of this study are as follows: Then angle of the knee joint decreased as the height of the step box increased the min. Angle was measured right before the right foot was on the step box, and the angle tended to decrease as the step box get heightened. The left-right inclination of the rearfoot angle according to the height of step box increased as the height increased. In the 'pull-up' stage during which the weight was loaded on the right foot the angle increased, while in the right foot stepping stage during which the right foot was on the ground, the left-right inclination of the rearfoot angle increased as the height of the step box increased. The angular velocity of the knee joint according to the height of step box started increasing when the right foot initially stepped on the step box and during the initial stepping section, the angular velocity decreased as the height of step box increased. The changes in angular acceleration of the knee joint according to the height of step box increased as the height of step box increased.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 1996

This study was performed to analyze the patient's experience during the progress of disease in the patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee Joint. The examine was consisted of five patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee joint from Dec. 4. 1995 to May, 20, 1996 at C university hospital. After hospitalization, the physical and psycho-logical status of the patients during preoperation, postoperation and discharge was examined. The data were examined according to the ethnographic method. The results are as follows. The patients experienced the periods of embarrasment, conflict, before surgery suffering, acceptance period after surgery. In the embarrasment period, the patients take a multiple medication therapy including hospital treatment, oriental medication and folk medication to ameliorate joint pain after first diagnosis on arthritis. The embarrasment period includes compulsive drug medication, oriental medication, folk medication, trouble some, sadness and survey of hospitals. In the conflict period, the patients consider the operation of knee because of working difficulty and severe Joint Pain, while they feel anxiety about the surgery. They condemn their physical situations. They have the conflict and anxiety on surgical operation. they consider the quality of life. They hope the surgery makes patients to improve walking ability. This period includes self-condemned, sorry, tiresomeness, expectation, worrisomeness, anxiety and hesitance. In the suffering period, the patients experience post operation physical discomfort after the total knee replacement. They do physical exercise, including extension and straight leg raising to maintain walking ability, while they endure to wait approximately 6 months for normal walking movements and they are also unstable to environmental people's sight. This period includes postoperative pain, continuous discomfort, inability and communication difficulty to other's people. In the acceptance period, the patients consider longerity of artificial Joint and also endure mild remaining joint pain. Some of them have religions for their wellbeing of life. This period include a self-protesting policy, abandonment, self-consolation, dependence on religions. According to the result from this study I suggested these shown below. 1) After replacement surgery of knee joint, continuous investigation on outcome patient is necessary. 2) It is also necessary to analyze on patient's experiences, who are taken the replacement surgery of hip Joint. 3) Study on disease experiences of patients with rhematoid arthritis, who take drug medication and physical therapy alone without surgery, is necessary. 4) Investigation on patient's favorable folk medication may be helpful to analyze disease experience of patients with osteoarthritis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Background: Genu varum is also known as bow leg. It is a deformity wherein there is lateral bowing of the legs at the knee. it does give rise to pain, and persistent bowing can often give rise to discomfort in knees, hips and ankles. Objects: This study investigated the effect of narrow squats on the knee joint during a gait and distance between the knees of person with genu varum. Methods: This study analyzed 23 patient with genu varum that grade III, 12 narrow squat group and 11 genenal squat group in motion analysis laboratory. The subjects of experiment took gait before and after intervention, the range of joint motion, moment of knee joint adduction, power, distance of the knees were measured. And in order to make an analysis between groups, an paiered t-test and independent t-test was carried out. For statistical significance testing, it was decided that significance level ${\alpha}$ be .05. Results: It was shown that the group of narrow squat exercise significantly decreased in distance of knees (p<.05),In moment of adduction of knee joint, it was shown to significantly decrease in two groups (p<.05), was significantly decreased in adduction, abduction, and rotation (p<.05). In relation of peak-knee adduction moment and valgus angle, there was significant decrease in narrow squat group (p<.05). Conclusion: When the above result of study were examined, a narrow squat exercise given to the genu varum patients significantly decreased the distance between the knees, range of knee adduction and abduction, knee adduction moment, knee power. And stability gains through the decrease of excursion of knee medial part be effective for the correction of genu varum deformation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The primary purpose of a TKA is to restore normal knee function Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from climbing stairs; (b) provide adequate knee joint stability. A 16-channel MyoResearch XP EMG system was used to collect the differential input surface electromyography signals VM, VL, RF, BF, ST during climbing/descending stair tests. A Peak Motion Measurement System was used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. AKIN-COM Ill isokinetic dynamometer was used for EMG of VM, VL, RF, BF and ST during maximal voluntary contraction. I Quadriceps EMG results for the VM of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated significant less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb $60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The VL of the passed 1year group limb also demonstrated significants less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). Similar to the VM and VL, the RF of the passed 1year group limb showed less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ do knee flexion(p<0.05). Hamstring EMG results for the BF of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $75^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The passed 1year group limb tended to have less ADD displacement(p<0.071) than that of the passed 3year group limb. There was no significant difference of the ABD displacement between the passed 1year group and the passed 3year group limbs(p<0.73). The passed 3year group used compensatory adaptation movement strategies to compensate for the strength deficit of passed 3year group limbs. The passed 3year group limb also increased the quadriceps muscle activation level to produce more knee extension moment to compensate for the short quadriceps moment arm. The passe 3year group limb might have an unstable knee joint in the medio-Iateral direction during the climbing/descending by showing a tendency of more ADD displacement and greater hamming co-activation EMG than the passed 1year group limbs. The TKA design was not able to help the knee joint to produce adequate knee extension moment with less quadriceps muscle effort. I think that old man needs continuous exercise for muscle strength.