• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.281-284
• /
• 2019

Efficient management of road-kill data is difficult at national scale when there are many organizations that are in charge of different road types. Here, we described the first case to integrate road-kill data through Korea Road-kill Observation System (KROS) by the Korean government. The system was launched in June 2018 to approximately 3,000 road menders. During 15 months, 5,812 road-kill observations were registered on KROS including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. Of them, about 86 % was occupied by five species (Hydropotes inermis, Felis catus, Capreolus pygargus, Nyctereutes procyonoides, and Canis lupus familiaris) listed in number of occurrences. The observed road-kill frequency rapidly increased until April 2019 and peaked on May 2019. However, as the system is just starting, the results from KROS cannot be treated as the exact representation of road-kill trend in the country. Although the efficient method to manage national road-kill statistic is arranged, still there are some limitations to overcome to make the system stable.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2021

Despite numerous efforts on reducing road-kill worldwide, the collisions have been occurring continuously. Many factors are affecting road-kill occurrences and the effect is various by species. We investigated Hydropotes inermis argyropus road-kill characteristics on the national highway. We examined 9,099 H. i. argyropus road-kill points with distance to the gaps on road (interchange and intersection) and distance to six natural land-cover types as explanatory variables. We also examined the number of road-kill occurrences according to temporal variation using chi-square test with 9,658 events. In general, H. i. argyropus road-kill location tended to occur close to the gaps on road, agricultural lands and forests. The average distance from road-kill to the gap was 694.7 m and 78.6% of the collisions were occurred within 1 km from the gaps. In addition, Kruskal-Wallis test showed the distance between road-kill points and each land cover and the gaps was significantly different. The temporal analyses showed that the differences of the H. i. argyropus road-kill frequency are significant in both month and season. Our results implies H. i. argyropus road-kill location tended to occur close to the gaps on road, agricultural lands and forests in general, especially during May and June, according to their seasonal behavior. Thus, we suggest there is a need of concentrated management on the roads with specific characteristics for both wildlife and human safety.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2006

The correct and opportune decision of reengaging the intercepted target is required in order to enhance the engagement performance of the surface to air missile systems that has the ability to defense or attack against various targets at the same time. The engagement efficiency and success of these systems will be largely enhanced by assigning quickly its system resources to the intercepted target and minimizing the waste of system resources for the target which is not able to attack any more. The kill-assessment algorithm has to be able to evaluate automatically whether various targets intercepted by missiles are killed or not on the basis of the reasonable confidence level. The definition of kill assessment is discussed and the kill assessment algorithm is designed reliably by using Kalman filter and a probability theory. Finally its performance is evaluated and analyzed by the Monte Carlo simulation.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2015

도로의 개발 등과 같은 선형적인 개발로 인해 생태계 파편화 현상이 발생함에 따라 야생동물 로드킬이 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이에 정부는 로드킬 저감대책의 일환으로 생태통로 및 유도펜스, 경고표지판 등 다양한 구조물의 설치를 통해 로드킬 저감방안을 마련하고 있다. 그러나 그간 국내에 설치되어 온 많은 구조물들은 입지선정 및 목표종 선정, 관리 등의 미흡으로 인해 그 실효성에 대하여 많은 문제점이 제기되어 왔다. 이러한 정책의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 로드킬 저감을 위한 구조물 설치구역 선정 시 실제 이용 대상이 되는 목표종의 선정 및 분석이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 로드킬 지점과 야생동물 서식지 패치 간의 관계성을 파악하여 야생동물 서식지 패치의 공간적 위치가 로드킬 저감을 위한 정책 마련 시 중요한 요소 중 하나로 활용될 수 있음을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목표종은 선행연구를 통해 오대산 국립공원의 다람쥐로 선정하였으며, 다람쥐의 서식지 선호도 분석을 통해 서식변수를 선정 중첩하여 다람쥐 서식지 패치를 도출하였다. 이후 로드킬 발생지점 정보와 Getis-Ord $G_i^*$ 분석을 활용하여 로드킬 핫스팟을 도출하고, 서식지 패치-도로 간의 거리와 $G_i$ Z-score 간의 상관분석을 통해 두 변수간의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 그 결과 두 변수 사이의 부적 상관관계가 나타남에 따라 서식지 패치와 도로가 인접할수록 $G_i^*$ Z-score가 높아지는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2021

Wargame is a simulated military operation with certain rules, specifications, and procedures, in which soldiers can virtually and indirectly experience the war. The ROK Navy operates the Cheonghae model, a training wargame model for helping commanders and staff master the procedures for conducting the war. It is important for commanders, staff and analysts to know whether a warship can perform its missions and how long it can last during a war. In existing model, the Cheonghae, the probability of kill of a warship is calculated simply considering the number of tonnage without any stochastic elements, and the warship's mission availability is also determined based on predetermined values. With this model, it is difficult to get a value of the probability of kill that makes sense. In this dissertation, the author has developed a probabilistic model in which the warship vulnerability data of ROK-JMEM can be used. A conceptual model and methodology that can evaluate the mission performance of personnel, equipment, and supplies has been proposed. This can be expanded to a comprehensive assessment of wartime warship loss rates by integrating damage rates for personnel, equipment, and supplies in wartime.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2017

Heartworm disease (HWD) in dogs is a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease resulting in right-sided congestive heart failure and inflammatory pulmonary disease. Due to complications from adulticidal therapy with melarsomine, slow kill protocol either with preventive dose of ivermectin or combined with doxycycline has been proposed for an alternative adultcidal therapy in dogs with HWD. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical outcome of adultcidal therapy in dogs with class II stage of HWD after treating either American Heartworm Society (AHS) or slow kill protocol for 10 months. Clinical outcome after therapy was evaluated by clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic examination along with hematology before (D0) and after therapy (D300). Although clinical signs associated with HWD were all resolved after therapy in both groups, the infection was not cleared out 67% of dogs treated by slow kill protocol at the end of therapy. Furthermore, pulmonary arterial flow of acceleration time to ejection time ratio (AT/ET) and the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADI) have been firstly used for detecting pulmonary hypertension in this study group. The pulmonary hypertension was more common in dogs with mild clinical signs, although tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation were not detectable in most dogs in this study. Our study findings suggested that the slow kill protocol might not be efficacious enough to clear out HWD in dogs and more attention on the presence of pulmonary hypertension might be necessary for effective management of HWD in dogs.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.779-791
• /
• 2021

보통의 웹 서비스는 불특정 다수에게 허용을 해야하는 접근 통제 정책으로 인하여, 지속적으로 해커들의 공격 대상이 되어 왔다. 이러한 상황에 대응하고자 기업들은 주기적으로 웹 취약점 점검을 실시하고, 발견된 취약점의 위험도에 따라 조치를 취하고 있다. 이러한 웹 취약점 위험도는 국내외 유관기관의 사전 통계 및 자체적인 평가를 통해 산정되어 있다. 하지만 웹 취약점 점검은 보안설정 및 소스코드 등의 정적 진단과는 달리 동적 진단으로 이루어진다. 동일한 취약점 항목일지라도 다양한 공격 결과를 도출할 수 있으며, 진단 대상 및 환경에 따라 위험도가 달라질 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 사전 정의된 위험도는 실제 존재하는 취약점의 위험도와는 상이할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 개선하고자 사이버 킬체인 중심으로 공격 결과 기반의 웹 취약점 위험도 평가 모델을 제시한다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 2021

위협평가가 끝난 공중항적에 대해 적절한 대응무기를 할당하기 위해서는 교전예상지점을 고려하여 교전적합성을 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 논문에서는 공중항적이 교전공간을 통과할 때 공중항적의 상대거리, 접근방위각 및 고도 등 다변량 속성정보를 가지고 베이지안 정리를 적용하여 교전공간내 위치에 따른 격추확률을 계산하는 방법을 제시하였다. 계산결과 교전공간내에서의 각 지점별 격추확률값의 분포형태는 최적의 예상요격지점을 기준으로 다변량 정규분포를 따르고 있음을 확인하였고, 계산된 격추확률값은 교전공간을 통과하는 공중항적의 교전가능성 평가에 적용가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.458-466
• /
• 2012

We have developed a weapon effectiveness evaluation model for top-attack smart munitions(WEEM/TASM), which is a many on many Monte Carlo Model evaluating the effectiveness of top-attack smart munitions against armoured ground vehicles. In this model the battle is reduced to a one-sided battle situation in that the target vehicles are regarded as being stationary and passive. It can simulate the whole attack process of smart munitions from firing artillery dispenser to sensing and hitting processes after dispense. It can also calculate the probability of kill of each target and the numbers of rounds required to fulfill the degree of damage in statistical manners. In this paper, we describe the basis for our design concepts reflected in the model to simulate the weapon effectiveness of top-attack smart munitions and provide simulation results for an example case.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2022

In the field of medical and marine industries, antibacterial surfaces have been emerged as one of the most important issues. Recently, many researchers have been studying antibacterial surfaces to kill bacteria or prevent the adhesion of bacteria. In their researches, various materials and structures are suggested to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria or kill the attached bacteria. However, chemical materials such as antibiotics or metal could be toxic. Moreover, frequent use of antibiotics causes super bacteria having resistance to antibiotics. In this study, nano-pillar structured surface was fabricated using polyurethane acrylate (PUA) and the mechanically induced antibacterial function was confirmed based on the fabricated nanostructures. Nanostructures can damage the bacterial membrane of Gram-negative bacteria through stretching of bacterial membrane via interaction with the nanostructures and the bacterial membrane. Consequently, the proposed transparent, flexible and nanostructured PUA films can be one of promising candidates for antifouling and antibacterial surfaces which can be applied in various industries.