• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2012

Nephrotoxicity occurs when kidney-specific detoxification and excretion do not work properly due to the damage or destruction of kidney function by exogenous or endogenous toxicants. Exposure to drugs often results in toxicity in kidney which represents the major control system maintaining homeostasis of body and thus is especially susceptible to xenobiotics. Understanding the toxic mechanisms for nephrotoxicity provides useful information on the development of drugs with therapeutic benefits with reduced side effects. Mechanisms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity include changes in glomerular hemodynamics, tubular cell toxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Biomarkers have been identified for the assessment of nephrotoxicity. The discovery and development of novel biomarkers that can diagnose kidney damage earlier and more accurately are needed for effective prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Although some of them fail to confer specificity and sensitivity, several promising candidates of biomarkers were recently proved for assessment of nephrotoxicity. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and present the list of drugs that cause nephrotoxicity and biomarkers that can be used for early assessment of nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2018

Mitochondrial injury in renal tubule has been recognized as a major contributor in acute kidney injury (AKI) pathogenesis. Ischemic insult, nephrotoxin, endotoxin and contrast medium destroy mitochondrial structure and function as well as their biogenesis and dynamics, especially in renal proximal tubule, to elicit ATP depletion. Mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation (FAO) is the preferred source of ATP in the kidney, and its impairment is a critical factor in AKI pathogenesis. This review explores current knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion in AKI and prospective views on developing therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2017

본 연구는 치주질환과 신장질환의 연관성을 알아보기 위한 체계적 고찰이다. Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library 데이터베이스에서 2016년 4월 17일 검색을 완료하였다. 문헌의 선택은 코호트 연구 설계를 기준으로 하였으며, 환자군은 치주질환 또는 중증의 치주질환이 있는 대상자로 하였다. 최종 결과는 만성신장질환의 발생이나 신장기능의 저하로 eGFR을 제시한 연구로 하였다. 최종 선정된 문헌의 양적합성을 위하여 Review Manager (RevMan) 통계 분석 소프트웨어를 이용하였다. 고정효과모형 멘텔-헨젤 방법(M-H)을 이용하여 메타분석을 시행하여 치주질환과 만성신장질환의 연관성을 추정하였다. 검색 전략을 이용하여 총 3,018개의 문헌이 검색되었고, 그 중 4개의 문헌이 최종 분석에 포함되어 메타 분석한 결과 치주질환이 만성신장질환 발생위험과 유의한 연관성이 있음이 나타났다(OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.44~1.90; p<0.001). 만성신장질환 발생 및 신장기능저하를 예방하기 위해서는 개인의 삶의 질 저하와 의료비용부담을 줄이기 위해 기존에 알려진 전통적 위험인자 외에 만성신장질환에 영향을 미치는 치주질환의 예방 및 관리의 필요성이 크다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.822-834
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• 2007

This study searched the philosophical and medical thought of mutual understanding and human body. Mutual understanding is a fundamental problem in all branches of oriental studies. In other words, mutual understanding becomes the existential foundation of heaven-earth-human(三才). So human beings, heaven and the earth can't exist if there is no mutual understanding. It comes out the problem of self-consciousness in philosophy, and qi movement pattern like upward, downward, inward and outward movement in traditional korean medicine. Human beings have mutual understandings with heaven and the earth from a macroscopic standpoint, on the other side the human body from a microscopic standpoint. Qi movement is the mutual understanding and response of qi in human body, so with which the physiological functions and pathologic changes of viscera and bowels comes out. Therefore we want to present how to complete qi movement between viscera-bowels and organs to examine mutual understandings in human body closely. The results was summarized as follows; First, upbearing the clear yang and down bearing the turbid yin of spleen-stomach is main pivot of upward and downward of qi movement, and it is true form of mutual understandings between viscera and bowels, so upward, downward, inward and outward movement of whole viscera and bowels can be controlled by spleen-stomach. Second, by restraining relationships between downward heart fire and upward kidney water, heart fire and kidney water have close communications physiologically and pathologically as upper-lower, yin-yang and water-fire. Third, by restraining relationships between upbearing and effusion of liver and purification and down-sending of lung, liver and lung are outer circles of upward and downward movement, so they have antagonistic functions. Firth, by the relationships between upbearing the clear and down bearing the turbid of spleen-stomach and free coursing of liver, free coursing of liver-gallbladder is the essential requirement that it certify transportation and transformation of spleen-earth, so the disease of liver-gallbladder induce spleen-stomach disease pattern to affect its function of transportation and transformation. Fifth, by spleen and kidney, spleen yang is based on kidney yang, so the weakness of kidney yang can affect the function of transportation and transformation of spleen-stomach as it can't warm spleen earth. Sixth, by homogeny of liver-kidney, essence and blood of liver-kidney and ministerial fire of liver-kidney have mutal generation and limitation physiologically and they mutually are affected in pathologically.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2021

핵의학 영상 검사 중에서 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan은 비침습적이면서도 신장의 기능과 형태를 동시에 평가할 수 있으며 좌우 양측 신장에 섭취를 분석함으로써 신기능을 정량적이면서 정확하게 분석할 수 있다. 신장의 크기 및 길이 평가도 신장 이상의 주요 평가 항목이며, ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan을 이용한 신장 길이의 측정은 호흡에 의한 흔들림이나 해상력의 한계로 인해서 CT 보다 신장의 길이가 과대 또는 과소평가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 해부학적인 평가가 우수한 CT 검사와 기능적인 평가가 우수한 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 측정한 신장 길이의 차이 및 상관관계를 분석하고, ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 측정한 신장 길이의 정확성을 예측하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 신장 CT 검사와 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan을 검사한 200명의 환자 자료를 대상으로 연구 분석하였고, 통계 분석을 위해 SPSS Ver. 17.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 호흡에 의한 영향과 해상력의 차이에 의해서 CT 검사 보다 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 측정한 신장의 길이가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 감마카메라와 연령에 따른 신장 길의 차이는 없었으나 신장 길이를 분석한 방사선사 별로는 차이가 있었다. 따라서 신장 길이 측정에서 방법의 표준화를 통한 정량 분석 결과의 일반화는 매우 중요할 것이며, 이는 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 츠정한 신장 길이의 정확성을 향상할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 CT 영상과 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 측정한 신장길이는 좌우측 신장 모두 매우 강한 양(+)의 상관관계가 있었다. 다수의 신장 질환에서 신기능 변화뿐만 아니라 길이나 크기가 변화하는 경우가 많으며 신장 길이를 정확하게 측정하는 방법과 표준화는 임상적인 진단에 매우 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 소아의 경우에서는 다량의 방사선 피폭이 있는 CT 검사보다 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan을 이용하여 형태학적인 평가와 기능적인 평가를 모두 시행하는 경우 많으므로 ^99mTc-DMSA Renal scan에서 신장에 대한 기능적인 정보뿐만 아니라 크기나 길이, 위치 등과 같은 해부학적 정보를 정확하게 제공하는 것은 더욱 중요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2013

Nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is associated with the control of appetite and energy metabolism, was reported for the first time to be expressed in the hypothalamus. However, recent studies have shown that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed not only in the hypothalamus, but also in various tissues including digestive and reproductive organs. We also demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the reproductive organs, pituitary gland, heart, lung, and gastrointestinal tract of the adult mouse. However, little is known about nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression in fetal and neonatal mice. Therefore, we examined here the distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various organs of fetal and neonatal mice and compared them with the distribution in adult mice. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was expressed relatively higher in the lung, kidney, heart, and liver compared to other organs in the fetus. Western blot results also showed that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was detected in the lung, kidney, heart, and stomach. Next, we compared the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the fetus and neonate with the expression levels in both male and female adult mice. The expression levels in heart, lung, stomach, and kidney were higher compared with other organs in fetal and neonatal mice and in both male and female adult mice. Interestingly, the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the kidney was dramatically increased in male and female adult mice compared to fetal and neonatal mice. These results indicate that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 may regulate the development and physiological function of mouse organs. In the future, we need more study on the function of nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is highly expressed in the heart, lung, and kidney during mouse development.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2016

Diabetic kidney disease is the most common and severe chronic complication of diabetes. The leaf of Diospyros kaki Thumb (persimmon) has been commonly used for herbal tea and medicinal purposes to treat a variety of conditions, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the effect of persimmon leaf on kidney failure has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the role of persimmon leaf in protecting the diabetes-associated kidney damage in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Mice were fed either a normal chow diet with or without powered persimmon leaf (5%, w/w) for 5 weeks. In addition to kidney morphology and blood markers of kidney function, we assessed levels of oxidative stress markers as well as antioxidant enzymes activities and mRNA expression in the kidney. Supplementation of the diet with powered persimmon leaf not only decreased the concentration of blood urea nitrogen in the plasma but also improved glomerular hypertrophy. Furthermore, the persimmon leaf significantly decreased the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide in the kidney. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the mRNA expression of their respective genes were also increased in the kidney of persimmon leaf-supplemented db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with the persimmon leaf may have protective effects against type 2 diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction and oxidative stress.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

긴 잔여 수명을 가진 소아-청소년기에 발생한 만성 콩팥병의 진행을 억제하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 콩팥 기능의 변화는 공식을 이용하여 혈청 크레아틴이나 시스타틴 C 치를 이용한 사구체 여과율의 추정치를 계산하는 것이 비교적 정확하고 편리하다. 고혈압과 단백뇨는 엄격하게 조절되어야 하며 빈혈은 에리트로포이에틴으로 교정되어야 한다. 혈압이 정상인 경우에도 특별한 금기사항이 없는 한 ACE 억제제나 안지오텐신 수용체 차단제를 사용하는 것이 필요하나 부작용의 발생에 주의할 필요가 있다. 만성 콩팥병의 진행 억제를 위한 노력은 만성 콩팥병이 확인되는 대로 가능한 일찍 시작되어야 하며 콩팥 이식을 받을 때까지 잔여 신기능이 남아 있는 한 계속되어야 한다. 온라인 한국 소아 만성 콩팥병 등록 시스템이 만성 콩팥병의 진료에 도움을 준다.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1994년도 춘계심포지움 및 발표논문 초록
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• pp.40-40
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• 1994

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2004

In Oriental Medical theory, origin of kidney's weakness or atrophy is shen qi(腎氣) and function of san jiao(三焦) deteriorate, it result in a passage of evacuation is blocked. - In Oriental Medicine, Shen(腎) take charge of storing and evacuating function, by taking qi(氣) of the five viscera and the six bowels. - The cause of reducing of shen qi and san jiao's evacuative function is xu han(Emptiness and Coldness) of the five viscera and the six bowels' activity. So we do not treat only kidney, but we also must focus the five viscera and the six bowels' organic function and ying wei's function. A Renal Failure is similar in symptom to Kwan-kyuk(關格), oliguria or anuria, edema, Hu-son(虛損), Sin-pung(腎風) and Yuk-kuk(六極) in chenxiang(沈香). We grasp symptom of 7 cases of chronic renal failure, and diagnose its pathology based on Sa-jin(四診), and prescribed herbal medicines. And in the point of the chenxiang, we separate two group, Ater one is taken herbal medicine with chenxiang and the other is only taken herbal medicine with no using chenxiang, we compared the rate of treating with only herbal and herbal compounded chenxiang. We repeat medical examination for continuation of effective result, report clinical progress and result which based on this examination.