• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 1994

This is the study on causes and remedies of hearing disturbance in chinese medical journals(1991-1993). The results were as follows. 1. The causes of sudden deafness(突發性耳聾) were usually fire in the liver(肝火).phlegmatic fire(痰火), deficiency of the vital function and essence of the kidney(腎虛), blood stasis or sludge due to stagnation of vital energy stagnation(氣滯血瘀). Remove endogenous heat or fire method(淸瀉火熱法). circulation of phlegm and dampness(運化痰濕). using tonics to cure disease due to deficiency of vital essence of both the liver and the kidney(滋補肝腎) were used for each treatment. 2.The causes of menieres disease were usually mental disturbance due to phlegmatit fire(痰化上搖). dampness-phlegm long standing(痰濕內停), water-dampness retention(水濕停滯), Method of remove heat and circulation phlegm(淸熱化痰法), method of remove water and dampness(利水渗濕法), invigorate function of the spleen and circulation of dampness method(健脾化濕法) were used for each treatment. 3. The causes of toxico-deafness(中毒性 耳聾) were usually heart, liver and kidney functional weakness(心肝腎虛), vital essence and blood weakness(氣血虛弱). Remove obstruction in the flow and circulation phlegm(通窮化痰), reinforce vital energy and tonify blood (補氣活血), using tonics to cure disease due to deficiency of vital essence of both the liver and the kidney(滋補肝腎) were used for each treatment. 4. The causes of deafness (耳聾), tinitus(耳鳴) were usually mental disturbance due to wind and heat(風熱上搖). flaming up of excessive heat of the liver(肝火上亢). exhaustion seat of reproductive essence in kidney(腎精虧虛). Remove endogenous heat and disperse wind(淸熱疏風). remove the fire of liver(淸肝瀉火), through nourish kidney check exuberance of yang(滋腎潛陽), nourish kidney yang(補腎陽). replenish vital energy and improve essential substance(益精血), blood activate for treatment of blood stasis(活血化瘀) were used for each treatment. 5. The effects of mainly used drugs were classified into method of water and dampness remove medicine(利水渗濕藥), nourishing liver and kidney medicine(補肝腎藥), improve blood and vital energy activate medicine(活血行氣藥), through nourish yan medicine check exuberance of yang(滋陰潛陽藥).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

Verapamil, $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, when given into vein or into carotid artery, produced the decrease of urine flow accompanied with the decreased amounts of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted in urine ($E_{Na}, E_{K}$) and with the decreased clearances of free water (C$_{H_2O}$) and osmolar substance (C$_{osm}$), and then increased reabsorption of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in renal tubules (R$_{Na}$, R$_{N}$), glomeruler filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were inhibited when verapamil was given into carotid artery, but were only tendency of reduction when given intravenously. Verapamil, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuresis accompanied with the increased GER, RPF, E$_{Na}$ and E$_{K}$, with the decreased filtration fraction (FF) in only infused kidney. At the same time, $C_{H_2O}$ was not changed, R$_{Na}$ and R$_{K}$ were reduced. Antidiuretic action by verapamil administered into vein or into carotid artery in normal kidney was reversed to diuretic action in denervated kidney. At this time, parameters of renal function exhibited the opposite phenomena compared to that elicited by verapamil in normal kidney, wherease renal denervation did not influence the action of verapamil infused into a renal artery. Above results suggest that verapamil produce both antidiuresis through nervous system centrally, not endogenous substances and diuresis by direct action in the kidney. Diurectic action are caused by hemodynamic improvement through dilatioon of vas efferense and by greatly inhibited reabsorption of electrolytes in distal tubules.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common hereditary disorder which is characterized by fluid-filled cysts in the kidney. Mutation in either PKD1, encoding polycystin-1 (PC1), or PKD2, encoding polycystin-2 (PC2), are causative genes of PKD. Recent studies indicate that renal cilia, known as mechanosensors, detecting flow stimulation through renal tubules, have a critical function in maintaining homeostasis of renal epithelial cells. Because most proteins related to PKD are localized to renal cilia or have a function in ciliogenesis. PC1/PC2 heterodimer is localized to the cilia, playing a role in calcium channels. Also, disruptions of ciliary proteins, except for PC1 and PC2, could be involved in the induction of polycystic kidney disease. Based on these findings, various PKD mice models were produced to understand the roles of primary cilia defects in renal cyst formation. In this review, we will describe the general role of cilia in renal epithelial cells, and the relationship between ciliary defects and PKD. We also discuss mouse models of PKD related to ciliary defects based on recent studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

We present a case of tacrolimus-induced encephalopathy after successful kidney transplantation. An 11-year-old girl presented with sudden onset of neurologic symptoms, hypertension, and psychiatric symptoms, with normal kidney function, after kidney transplantation. The symptoms improved after cessation of tacrolimus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed acute infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory in the right frontal lobe. Three days later, she had normal mental function and maintained normal blood pressure with left hemiparesis. Follow-up MRI was performed on D19, showing new infarct lesions at both cerebral hemispheres. Ten days later, MRI showed further improvement, but brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed mild reduction of uptake in both the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left thalamus. One month after onset of symptoms, angiography showed complete resolution of stenosis. However, presenting as a mild fine motor disability of both hands and mild dysarthria, what had been atrophy at both centrum semiovale at 4 months now showed progression to encephalomalacia. There are two points of interest in this case. First, encephalopathy occurred after administration of tacrolimus and improved after discontinuation of the drug. Second, the development of right-side hemiplegia could not be explained by conventional MRI; but through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of white matter tract, visualization was possible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction between kidney function and the non-linear association between serum calcium levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: This study included 8927 participants enrolled in the Dong-gu Study. Albumin-corrected calcium levels were used and categorized into 6 percentile categories: <2.5th, 2.5-25.0th, 25.0-50.0th, 50.0-75.0th, 75.0-97.5th, and >97.5th. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to examine the non-linear association between calcium levels and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality according to serum calcium categories. All survival analyses were stratified by the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results: Over a follow-up period of 11.9±2.8 years, 1757 participants died, of whom 219 died from CVD. A U-shaped association between serum calcium and CVD mortality was found, and the association was more evident in the low kidney function group. Compared to the 25.0-50.0th percentile group for serum calcium levels, both low and high serum calcium tended to be associated with CVD mortality (<2.5th: HR, 6.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 33.56; >97.5th: HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 0.76 to 8.66) in the low kidney function group. In the normal kidney function group, a similar association was found between serum calcium levels and CVD mortality (<2.5th: HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.58 to 3.27; >97.5th: HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.70 to 3.93). Conclusions: We found a non-linear association between serum calcium levels and CVD mortality, suggesting that calcium dyshomeostasis may contribute to CVD mortality, and kidney function may modify the association.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2010

In this study, I investigated physiology and pathology of the kidney and then researched deficiency of the kidney-nourishing the Eum music therapy to apply for clinical use, because symptoms such as chronic fatigue, morbus asthenia, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus, and amnesia are prevalent in our modern societies. These symptoms are due to deficiency of the kidney. The kidney stores vital essence and has a function to keep activities as motive power. If the kidney is abnormal in storing the essence and holding Gi, various symptoms like dizziness, tinnitus, amnesia are caused by deficiency of the kidney. In deficiency of the kidney-nourishing the Eum music therapy, Water-Gi music which can store the essence is mainly used. In case of patients with deficiency of the kidney, dizziness, tinnitus, and amnesia, we can make use of NO.3, BWV 1068, Air of J.S.Bach and Jinyangjo of Geomungo. If there are flaring-up and fidgetiness due to deficiency of vital essence, Earth-Gi music that can help the vigor of spleen and stomach should be used prior to Water-Gi music. In the concrete, Hahyeondodeuri of Yeongsanhoesang played on Geomungo can be used. The tinnitus is caused by wind-heat and fire in the gallbladder. It is good to nourish the Eum through Water-Gi music after dispelling pathogens through Jajinmori among Gayageum sanjo.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.34-47
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• 2023

Purpose : Exercise may prevent the worsening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression of cardiovascular diseases in patients with CKD. This review aims to identify the best type of exercise modality and summarizes the beneficial effects of exercise on physical and renal function among older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. Methods : A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and domestic database was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of exercise intervention on older adults with pre-dialysis CKD published until February 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. The risk of bias was assessed using a Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias in RCTs (RoB 2.0). Results : The systematic review included 11 RCTs (n = 591, average age 60.2-76), of which 8 could be included for meta-analysis. Exercise was significant in increasing peak oxygen consumption and knee muscle strength among physical functions, and also in improving glomerular filtration rate among kidney functions. Conclusion : Exercise has beneficial effects on physical and renal function among older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. In the future, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of exercise by subdividing it by type, intensity, duration, and delivery.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

Objectives: This research study aimed to determine the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a patient with lumbar disc herniation accompanying polycystic kidney disease. Methods: Acupuncture, herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture, spine decompression therapy, Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT), and Chuna were preceded for treatment. We checked the patient's Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), numeric rating scale (NRS), and straight leg raise test (SLRT) on admission and discharge; we also used the NRS and SLRT to evaluate the patient's symptoms on every third day during the hospital stay. Because it is important to manage blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and blood pressure during the early stage of polycystic kidney disease, BUN and serum creatinine levels were checked weekly while blood pressure was checked every morning. Results: Twelve days after admission, the NRS for lower back pain and right leg pain decreased from 7 to 3 and from 7 to 2, respectively. The ODI value also decreased from 56 to 20 while the SLRT value increased from 30/70 to 60/70. The BUN and serum creatinine levels and the blood pressure readings were all within normal range every time they were checked. Conclusions: The use of Korean medicine treatments resulted in improvements in NRS, ODI, and SLRT on a patient with a herniated lumbar disc herniated who had a past history of polycystic kidney disease; thus, the patient was able to maintaining kidney functioning. Herbal medicine, an alternative method of analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs that has been evaluated as relatively safe on liver and kidney function, could be suggested on a patient with a past history of polycystic kidney disease to maintain kidney function when renal function and blood pressure are monitored.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1973

The influence of guanethidine on the renal function was investigated in the rabbit. Guanethidine, 1-10mg/kg, i.v., produced no marked change in the renal function, while second and successive doses of guanethidine elicited a significant increase in urine flow and electrolyte excretion as well as renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. It was suggested that the diuretic action was brought about by improvement of hemodynamic state in the kidney ; increased filtration as a result of increased renal perfusion. Atropine alone did not significantly influence the renal function but pretreatment of animals with atropine, 4 mg/kg i.v., completely abolished the diuretic action of guanethidine. It is suggested that guanethidine influences the renal function by activating parasympathetic nervous system or some cholinergic mechanism in the kidney.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

The effects of diet induced hyperlipidemia on kidney function were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats fed high fat diet containing 20% beef tallow and high cholesterol diet containing 5% cholesterol for 8, 12, 16 weeks, respectively. The concentrations of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly high cholesterol diet groups during all experimental periods (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol concentration was the lowest value in high cholesterol diet group of 16 weeks(p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration was not affected by experimental diets. Serum total protein, albumin and creatinine concentration tended to higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in high fat diet groups. And serum urea-N concentration was higher in high fat diet group of 16 weeks than that in other diet groups. Urinary total protein and urea-N were higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in other diet groups regardless of experimental period period. There was no significant difference in urinary creatinine concentratin among diet groups(p<0.05). GFR was lower in high cholesterol diet groups than that in high fat diet groups at 8, 16 weeks, respectively. Wet weight per body weight, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentations of liver tissue were apparently high in high cholesterol diet groups(p<0.05). Kidney wet weight per body weight wer not affected by experimently diets, total lipid concentration of kidney tissue was significantly high in high fat diet groups of 12 weeks(p<0.05), kidney tissue triglyceride concentrations of high cholesterol diet groups of 12, 16 weeks apparently low, and total cholesterol concentration of kidney tissue was higher in experimental diet groups than that of control groups at 12, 16 weeks(p<0.05). Fecal excretion, total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations of feces were markedly high in all high cholesterol diet groups except high fat diet group of 16 weeks. The results of light microscopic examination indicated that glomerulosclerosis was not obsrved in rats fed experimental diets.