• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of MR urography (MRU) with that of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of urinary tract when this failed to opacify during excretory urography (EXU). Materials and Methods: Twelve urinary tracts in 11 patients were studied. In each case, during EXU, the urinary system failed to opacify within one hour of the injection of contrast media, and US revealed dilatation of the pelvocalyceal system. Patients underwent MRU, using a HASTE sequence with the breath-hold technique; multi-slice acquisition was then performed, and the images were reconstructed using maximal intensity projection. Each set of images was evaluated by three radiologists to determine the presence, level, and cause of urinary tract obstruction. Results: Obstruction was present in all twelve cases, and in all of these, MRU accurately demonstrated its level. In this respect, however, US was successful in only ten. The cause of obstruction was determined by MRU in eight cases, but by US in only six. In all of these six, MRU also successfully demonstrated the cause. Conclusion: MRU is an effective modality for evaluation of the urinary tract when this fails to opacify during EXU, and appears to be superior to US in demonstrating the level and cause of obstruction.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 요로감염 환아에게 시행하는 영상학적 검사인 신장 초음파, DMSA 신 스캔, VCUG 중 비교적 시행하기 쉬운 DMSA 신 스캔이 방관요관역류나 신 반흔을 얼마나 예측할 수 있는지 그리고 신장 초음파와 비교했을 때 얼마나 신뢰성을 갖는지도 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 병원에 입원하였던 요로감염 환아 495명 중 입원 1주일 이내에 신장 초음파와 DMSA 신 스캔을 시행한 환아 142명을 선별하여 후향적 연구를 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 환자의 성별, 나이, 요로감염의 원인 균주, 혈중 백혈구 수치와 중성구 비율, 혈장 CRP, 발열기간, 입원기간, 신장 초음파 소견, DMSA 신 스캔 소견, VCUG를 시행한 경우 VCUG 소견을 SPSS for window version 17.0를 통해 통계적 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과: DMSA 신 스캔 양성군과 음성군을 비교했을 때 나이, 입원당시 백혈구 수, 호중구 비율, CRP, 입원기간, 신장 초음파와 VCUG에서 이상소견을 보인 경우가 양성군이 음성군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다. 신장 초음파 양성군과 음성군의 비교에서는 나이, 호중구 비율, CRP, 입원기간, DMSA 신 스캔과 VCUG에서 이상 소견을 보인 경우가 양성군이 음성군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다. 결론: DMSA 신 스캔에서 양성 소견이 신장 초음파와 비교하여 임상적으로 더 심한 요로감염을 시사하거나, 향후 신 반흔 형성에 직접적으로 관련이 있다고 보기는 어려웠다. 그러나 신장 초음파와 DMSA 신 스캔을 같이 시행하였을 때, 방광요관역류를 예측하는 데 민감도 및 음성 예측도를 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2017

This study was performed to retrospectively pursue any correlation between renal cortex thickness (RCT), outer medulla thickness (OMT) on ultrasonography (US) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage. Medical records and US findings of the dogs diagnosed CKD were reviewed for comparing to those of the clinically healthy dogs from March. 2015 through June. 2016. To evaluate the correlation about normal and CKD patients, RCT and the OMT were measured on US images. RCT and OMT were adjusted by dividing body surface area for standardization (RCTS, OMTS). Also the ratio of RCT/OMT were calculated and these indices were evaluated to investigate any tendency between 5 groups (normal and 4 IRIS stages) using Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test (J-T test). The RCTS showed a declining tendency (p < 0.02) and the OMTS showed an inclining tendency from normal through each IRIS stage (p < 0.01). The RCT/OMT showed also declining tendency (p < 0.01). Although the gold standard for renal function including GFR is lack, it is thought that differentiation between normal and CKD patients could be possible on US measurement of renal cortex and outer medulla thickness, which could be an alternative index for kidney function in diagnostic imaging.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 1998

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant tumor of the renal origin in childhood, distinguished from Wilms tumor by its pathologic and clinical features. Bone metastasis is one of the characteristic clinical features. The common site of metastasis of the clear cell Sarcoma of the kidney is axial skeleton including skull, spines, ribs and femur. A cases of clear cell Sarcoma of the kidney presented to us, which solely metastasized to the hand bones without metastasizing to any other tissues including axial skeleton. We report this case with review of literatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4431-4433
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• 2012

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively histopathologically-diagnosed lesions that were detected in the kidney after radical nephrectomy for a preoperative diagnosis of kidney cancer. Methods: The medical records of 83 patients (51 male, 32 female) were included. Preoperative staging was accomplished by various methods including physical examination, blood hemography and biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography (US), chest x-ray, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Totals of 70 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and 13 nephron sparing surgery. Of the 83 patients, 70 had malignant lesions (renal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or other malignancies) 13 had a variety of benign lesions, the most frequently detected being oncoytoma (6), angiomyolipoma (3), xanthogranulamatous pyelonephritis (2), cortical cyst (1) and chronic pyelonephritic change (1). Conclusion: It was concluded that in spite of great technological developments regarding radiological imaging modalities such as US, CT and MRI, benign lesions might still be detected pathologically in patients who undergo radical nephrectomy with the preoperative diagnosis of renal cancer. But, all renal masses should be regarded as malignant and should be managed surgically otherwise proven benign.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2000

Objective: Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a recently described variety of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic pathologic and clinical features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the imaging findings of MCRCCs. Materials and Methods: Ten adult patients with pathologically proven unilateral MCRCC who underwent renal US and CT were included in this study. The radiologic findings were retrospectively evaluated for cystic content, wall, septum, nodularity, calcification and solid portion by three radiologists who established a consensus. Imaging and postnephrectomy pathologic findings were compared. Results: All patients were adults (six males and four females) and their ages ranged from 33 to 68 years (mean, 46). On US and CT images, all tumors appeared as well-defined multilocular cystic masses composed of serous or complicated fluid. In all patients, unenhanced CT scans revealed hypodense cystic portions, and in four tumors, due to the presence of hemorrhage or gelatinous fluid, some hyperdense areas were also noted. In no tumor was an expansile solid nodule seen in the thin septa, and in only one was there dystrophic calcification in a septum. Small areas of solid portion constituting less than 10% of the entire lesion were found in six of the ten tumors, and these areas were slightly enhanced on enhanced CT scans. In all patients, imaging and pathologic findings correlated closely. Conclusion: On US and CT images, MCRCC appeared as a well-defined multilocular cystic mass with serous, proteinaceous or hemorrhagic fluid, with no expansile solid nodules in the thin septa, and sometimes with small slightly enhanced solid areas. Where radiologic examinations demonstrate a cystic renal mass of this kind in adult males, MCRCC should be included in the differential diagnosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Many children with microscopic hematuria have been found on school screening examinations. There are not, however, nation-wide criteria for us(specifically, pediatric nephrologists) how to take care of them. Recently, quite a few research papers concerning microalbuminuria with microscopic hematuria, which can predict the renal pathological findings, are published. Here I have reviewed articles on microalbuminuria which gives us the information how to manage microscopic hematuria.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2000

Renal inflammatory pseudotumor is a very rare benign condition of unknown etiology characterized by proliferative myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, histiocytes, and plasma cells. In the case we report, the lesion appeared on contrast-enhanced power Doppler US images as a well-defined hypoechoic mass with intratumoral vascularity, and on CT as a low-attenuated mass. Differentiation from malignant renal neoplasms was not possible.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2006

목적 : 소아의 다낭성 이형성 신은 신생아 4,300명당 1명 꼴로 보고되고 있는 선천성 기형이며, 최근 산전 초음파 검사 기술의 발달로 인해 출생 전 진단되는 경우가 대부분이다. 과거신절제술 시행해오던 것과 달리, 최근 연구보고에 의하면 보존적인 치료와 주기적인 추적관찰이면 충분하다 기술하고 있다. 그럼에도 다낭성 이형성 신의 대표적인 합병증으로 알려져 있는 고혈압과 요로감염, 악성 변화 때문에 논란의 여지는 여전히 남아 있으며, 다낭성 이형성 신의 자연관해에 대해서도 보고자간에 약간의 차이가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 다낭성 이형성 신의 임상양상을 다년간 추적관찰하고 그 예후 관련 임상적 인자를 찾고자 하였다. 방법 : 1993년 12월부터 2005년 8월까지 세브란스병원 소아과에서 다낭성 이형성 신으로 진단된 환자 46명을 의무기록을 통해 조사하였다. 결과 : 환자 46명 중 남녀비는 1.3:1이었으며 병변 부위는 좌측 25례, 우측 21례였다. 신 요로계통의 기형은 22례(44%)에서 확인되었으며 그 중 수신증은 13례(28%), 방광요관 역류가 5례(11%)에서 동반되었다. 1례(2%)에서 신기능 부전의 소견을 보였으며 17례(37%)에서 요로감염 병력이 있었다. 1례(2%)에서 이차성 고혈압이 발생하였으며, 악성 종양의 발생은 없었다. 추적관찰 결과 완전관해 11례(24%), 부분관해 19례(41%), 낭종 크기가 커지거나 그대로인 경우는 13례(28%)였다. 반복되는 요로감염이나 심한 복부팽만 등으로 신절제술을 시행 받은 경우는 3례(7%)가 있었다. 완전관해까지 소요된 기간은 평균 37개월(12-84개월)이었다. 다낭성 이형성 신의 관해에 관련된 예후인자로서 신 요로 계통의 동반기형 유무(P=0.034)가 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 그 외 성별, 병변 부위, 요로감염 병력 등은 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 또한 출생 후 4주 이내의 초음파상 병변부위 신장 길이도 다낭성 이형성 신의 예후와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았다(P=0.106). 결론 : 본 연구에서 소아의 다낭성 이형성 신의 예후는 양호하며, 주기적인 초음파 검사와 보존적인 치료로 추적관찰하는 것이 적절하였으며, 신 요로계통의 기형이 동반되어 있을 경우 다낭성 이형성 신의 관해율이 낮아짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2005-2017
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Despite current therapeutics including intensified glycemic control and blood pressure lowering agents, renal disease continues to progress relentlessly in diabetic patients, albeit at a lower rate. Since synthetic drugs for diabetes are known to have side effects, fungal mushrooms as a natural product come into preventing the development of diabetes. Our previous report showed the hypoglycemic effect of extracellular fungal polysaccharides (EPS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of rat kidney proteins from normal, STZ-induced diabetic, and EPS-treated diabetic rats, to discover diabetes-associated proteins in rat kidney. The results of proteomic analysis revealed that up to 500 protein spots were visualized, of which 291 spots were differentially expressed in the three experimental groups. Eventually, 51 spots were statistically significant and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the differentially expressed renal proteins, 10 were increased and 16 were decreased significantly in diabetic rat kidney. The levels of different proteins, altered after diabetes induction, were returned to approximately those of the healthy rats by EPS treatment. A histopathological examination showed that EPS administration restored the impaired kidney to almost normal architecture. The study of protein expression in the normal and diabetic kidney tissues enabled us to find several diabetic nephropathy-specific proteins, such as phospholipids scramblase 3 and tropomyosin 3, which have not been mentioned yet in connection with diabetes.