• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1455-1460
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• 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of depression between the health-related quality of life and pain in elderly persons with physical disabilities. A total of 111 patients who were treated at hospital B (Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Busan) participated in the Survey. The SF-36 Health Assessment was used to determine the quality of life of subjects, the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short form to assess the level of depression, and Numeric Rating Scale to determine the level of pain. To determine the moderating effect of depression on the relationship between quality of life and pain, simple regression analysis, and the Sobel test were performed. There was a significant negative correlation between health-related quality of life and pain (r<-.3, p<.05), and a significant positive correlation between depression and pain (r=.251, p<.05). Thus, health-related quality of life had a simple regression relationship with depression and pain. Depression also showed a mediating effect between health-related quality of life and pain. The results of this study suggest that depression mediates between pain and quality of life.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.306-317
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• 2004

Background & Object : Dyspepsia for which no organic causes are disclosed is referred to as functional dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia is here studied in connection with a biopsychosocial model. From the aspect of individual response to external environment, in connection with stress response, functional dyspepsia is studied by both the psychology department and the internal medicine departments. The disease is taken as approachable from the aspect of internal injury due to seven emotions and stress as differentiated by Oriental medicine. Materials and Methods : Targeted at 223 patients underwent medical checks and endoscopy at Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University. They agreed to join this clinical experiment. Stress response inventory, GARS (global assessment of recent stress scale), GSRS (gastrointestinal symptom rating scale), diagnostic scores for Ki-depression, and Spleen Disease Differentiation of Syndromes were all measured and evaluated. The test group was comprised of functional dyspepsia patients. The control group was comprised of nonsymptomatic chronic gastritis patients who were found to suffer from chronical gastritis in endoscopy and thus could be diagnosed with functional dyspepsia if symptoms would arise, but did not complain of subjective symptoms. Results showed these corelations: Functional dyspepsia patients were found to have more serious Ki-depression compared to nonsymptomatic chronic gastritis patients. The more serious Ki-depression the more serious the dyspepsia symptoms. The higher the stress response inventory the more serious the dyspepsia. Deficiency of spleen Eum, and Deficiency and Sinking of spleen Gi were found to coincide with serious Ki-depression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

According to ICD-10, The typical Depression are characterized by dejected mood, loss of interest and pleasure, feeling of helplessness. Also, other symptoms such as loss of attentiveness and concentration, guilty conscience, pessimistic attitude for the future, sleeping disorder, lack of appetite, thinking of or doing a self-injury or suicidal act may characterize Depression. These Symptoms of Depression are similar to Wool-Zeng(鬱證), Zeon-Zeng(癲證), Her-ro(虛勞), Bul-Sa-Sik(不思食), Tal-Young-Sil-Zeong(脫營失精), Bul-Myeon(不眠), Ki-Myeon(嗜眠) in Oriental Medicine. In general, Depression is classified into Wool-Zeng type and Zeon-Zeng type. The former is similar to the neurotic type of depression, the latter is similar to the psychopathic type of depression. The clear causes of Depression are not known yet. But psychodynamic and biological factors are assumed to cause Depression. Psychodynamic factors may correspond to Chil-Zeong(七情) and biological factors to Tae-Byeong(胎病) and Dam(痰) in Oriental medicine. In Occidental medicine, Depression is treated by psychotherapy and medication. Electrically-induced spasm therapy and phototherapy also used for the treatment of Depression. In Oriental medicine, Depression is treated by more various therapy such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion, oriental psychotherapy and dirigation(Gi-Gong, 氣功). Depression is not easy to cure. When the treatments of Occidental medicine and Oriental medicine are mutually cooperated, more effective medical care might be expected. Therefore, futher study to treat depression by mutually cooperated therapy is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

Objectives : Clinical differences between elderly patients with early and late onset depression have been described although these have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare differences of clinical symptoms using the 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D-17) between two groups. Methods : Data of 175 elderly patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV from January 2005 to November 2009 were collected. Seventy five patients were early onset depression and one hundred patients were late onset depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for depression. Results : There were some differences in HAM-D-17 scores between early and late onset depression. Early onset depression patients scored significantly higher in retardation(t = 2.41, p = 0.017) and somatic symptoms( general)(t = 2.37, p = 0.019) than late onset depression patients. Conclusion : We concluded that early onset depression patients have more severe psychomotor retardation and general somatic symptoms than late onset depression patients in Korea. Because of some limitations of this study, further investigations will be needed to validate this study results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2024

Objectives : We aimed to identify the effects of acupuncture treatment on alleviating pain and depression and modulating brain neural activity in the neuropathic pain and depression comorbidity mouse model (PDCM). Methods : We performed partial sciatic nerve ligation on the right hind paw of mice to induce neuropathic pain and injected reserpine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for 10 days from the day of the surgery to induce pain and depression. Acupuncture treatment was performed for 10 days at the following locations: 1) ST36 and SP6 (Joksamni and Sameumgyo; JS), 2) KI1 and HT7 (Yongcheon and Sinmun; YS), 3) LR1, PC9, KI10, and PC3 (Pericardium tonification; PT), or 4) LR1, HT9, KI10, and HT3 (Heart tonification; HT). Pain-like behavior was measured using the von Frey test and depressive-like behavior was assessed using the open field test. Then, the c-Fos expression was analyzed in the brain regions of neocortex, striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, and medulla to examine brain neural activity. Results : In PDCM, pain-like behavior was alleviated by acupuncture treatment on the JS, YS, PT, and HT, and depressive-like behavior was improved by acupuncture treatment on the JS and YS. JS and YS were derived as an optimized acupoint combination for improving neuropathic pain and depression comorbidity. Brain neural activities in the neocortex (infralimbic cortex) and hypothalamus (paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus; PVN) were commonly altered by both JS and YS acupuncture treatments. In addition, neural activities in the neocortex (prelimbic cortex; PrL) and midbrain (substantia nigra, lateral part of the dorsal raphe nucleus) were altered exclusively by JS acupuncture treatment, while changes in the area 2 of the anterior cingulate cortex and the cornu ammonis 3 of the hippocampus were specific to YS acupuncture treatment. Brain neural activity in the PrL and PVN regions was significantly correlated with changes in pain behavior. Conclusions : Both JS and YS acupuncture treatments alleviated pain and depressive-like behaviors, which were associated with modulation of neural activities in the neocortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify the effects of apparatus Pilates exercise on Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and depression in female patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Participants included five patients with idiopathic scoliosis presenting with Cobb's angle of 10 degrees or more. Among the single-subject experimental research designs, the reversal (ABA) design was selected and performed. The apparatus Pilates exercise was performed for a total of 16 weeks, comprising 8 weeks between the baseline and intervention 1 period and 8 weeks between intervention 1 and intervention 2 periods. The patients were then followed up for 5 weeks. Results: In all subjects, compared to the baseline, Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation decreased after application of the apparatus Pilates exercise. The follow-up period also showed a similar continuous decline. Following the apparatus Pilates exercise, the depression scale in subject 3 was increased during the intervention 1 period as compared to the baseline. However, the patient displayed a reduced depression scale in intervention 2 and follow-up periods. The depression scale in all other subjects was decreased for both intervention periods and the follow-up period. Conclusion: The application of apparatus Pilates exercise improves Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation for female patients with idiopathic scoliosis in their 10s and 20s. Our results also indicate that this is potentially an effective intervention method to overcome depression.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of depression symptom on the self-rated health status(SRHS), the outpatient health service utilization and quality of life(QOL) also the relationship depression symptom with socio-demographic and health related factors. Methods: We selected 9,550 participants without chronic diseases from a total of 18,104 in the '2009 community health survey in Gyeongnam. They were assessed by using a Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D). Those with CES-D scores of 21 or greater were defined as having probable depression. Results: A probable depression were associated in bivariate analysis with gender, age, educational status, monthly household income, marital status, current smoking status, drinking habit, physical activities and body mass index. After adjustment for covariates, probable depression groups predicted a lower status in SRHS. Likewise probable depression groups predicted a higher utilization in outpatient health service. Also probable depression groups predicted a lower score in QOL. Conclusions: Probable depression influence SRHS, outpatient health service utilization and QOL even after adjusting for the socio-demographic, health related factors and chronic medical illness. Programs for prevention and management of depression will be helpful to promote health and QOL.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression within two weeks after stroke. Methods : A total of 362 stroke patients were recruited. Depression (major and minor depressive disorders) was diagnosed by applying DSM-IV criteria. Data on socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, marital state, living state, religion, occupation, income, life event, and social support), stroke severity (NIHSS), disability (BI), stroke hemisphere and location, vascular risk and disease, and previous history of stroke and depression were obtained. Results : Depression was present in 90 (24.9%) patients: major depression 29 (8%) and minor depression 61 (16.9%) patients. In the univariate analyses, depression was associated with older age, higher number of stressful life event, poorer social support, severe disability, anterior stroke location, previous history of stroke and depression. In the multivariate analyses, depression was independently associated with higher number of stressful life events and poorer social support. Conclusion : Depression was common and was determined by premorbid levels of stress and social support in stroke patients at acute stage. More intensive psychiatric care and intervention is needed for the high risk group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.615-625
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• 2005

Objectives : Poststroke depression is a frequent and specific entity that impaires the rehabilliation and functional recovery of patients with hemiplegia. The author evaluated the effect of Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) in patients with poststroke depression. Methods : 38 patients suffering from poststroke depression(determined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised. 3rd edition. and Beck Depression Inventory[BDI] cutoff $point{\geqq}10$) in Kyunghee Oriental hospital were randomized into two groups; treatment group(n=19) and control group(n=19). The treatment group was prescribed with Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) three times a day fur a week. Control troop was prescribed with other herbal medicines used for stroke Patients three times a day for a week. Patients were evaluated by use of BDI scale, Modified Barthel Index, Depression of Ki score, Yin syndrome score, and Yang syndrome score. Among 38 patients, 24 patients got BDI scores above 21, which is the cut-off score for depression in Korean. The same procedures and assessments described above were applied. Results : Treatment group did not significantly improve compared with control group. Results yielded only slight significance (P=0.086). Especially. patients with poststroke depression as yin syndrome improved more significantly on BDI than those classified as yang syndrome. When BDI cutoff point for depression was defined as being ${\geq}\;21$, treatment group did not significantly improve compared with control group(P=0.114). However, patients with poststroke depression classified as yin syndrome were also significantly improved on BDI than those classified as yang syndrome. Conclusions : This study suggests that Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) is significantly effective in patients with poststroke depression classified as yin syndrome.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.185-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social support, parenting stress, and subjective hapiness on the depression of working mothers who are raising their children and to investigate alternatives to reduce their depression, and provide a practical program based on the study. In this study, we used hierarchical regression analysis to examine the variables that affect the depression of the working mothers. The results of this study showed that in the first stage, support of family, which is a sub factor of social support has a negative effect on depression. In the second stage, parenting stress had a significant effect on the depression of the working mothers. In the third stage, subjective hapiness has a negative effect on the depression of the working mothers. The relationship between variables such as social support, parenting stress, and subjective hapiness of these mothers were revealed, and the implications of lowering the depression of mothers were discussed based on the result of this study.