• Title/Summary/Keyword: Karaj

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Inhabitants of Karaj City, Tehran Province, Iran in 2006-2008

  • Nasiri, Vahid;Esmailnia, Kasra;Karimi, Gholamreza;Nasiri, Mehdi;Akhavan, Omid
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.265-268
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    • 2009
  • Karaj is an area with large influx of refugee people in Iran. To increase knowledge about parasitic infections, we carried out this research during 2006-2008. We recorded the stool examination results and some of their personal characteristics. A total of 13,915 human stools were examined, and 649(4.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Among them, 13 (0.09%) had worm and 636 (4.6%) had protozoan infections. Maximum infections belonged to Giardia intestinalis, and 534 (3.8%) samples had this infection. Other parasitic infections included Entamoeba coli(0.39%), Entamoeba histolytica (0.021%), Blastocystis hominis (0.08%), Trichomonas hominis (0.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.06%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.007%), Endolimax nana (0.05%), Enterobius spp. eggs (0.028%), Taenia proglottids (0.028%), and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (0.03%). The maximum numbers of referred people to laboratories were in July and the maximum percentage of infections was in August. There is a point that all 5 Strongyloides stercoralis infections were pertained to 2008. With attention to the rate of parasitic infections (4.7%), it seems that we should take additional educational information to wide spectrum of people living in this city.

Multiple criteria decision making method for selecting of sealing element for earth dams considering long and short terms goals

  • Rashidi, Babak;Shirangi, Ehsan;Baymaninezhad, Matin
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2018
  • Nowadays, using math logic in great civil projects is considered by the clients to achieve the goals of project including quality optimization, costs, avoiding individual, emotional and political decision making, long-term and short-term goals and they are the main requirements of each project and should be considered by the decision makers to avoid the illogical decision making applied on the majority of civil projects and this imposes great financial and spiritual costs on our country. The present study attempts to present one of the civil projects (Ghasre Shirin storage dam) whose client was not ministry of energy for the first time and the short-term and long-term goals of the private sector were applied based on the triangle of quality, cost and time. Also, the math logic and model (multi-criteria decision making method and decision making matrix) is used in one of the most important sections of project, sealing element, policies and new materials (Geosynthetics) are considered and this leads to suitable decision making in this regard. It is worth to mention that this method is used for other sections of a dam including body, water diversion system, diaphragm and other sectors or in other civil projects of building, road construction, etc.

Transient analysis of two dissimilar FGM layers with multiple interface cracks

  • Fallahnejad, Mehrdad;Bagheri, Rasul;Noroozi, Masoud
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 2018
  • The analytical solution of two functionally graded layers with Volterra type screw dislocation is investigated under anti-plane shear impact loading. The energy dissipation of FGM layers is modeled by viscous damping and the properties of the materials are assumed to change exponentially along the thickness of the layers. In this study, the rate of gradual change ofshear moduli, mass density and damping constant are assumed to be same. At first, the stress fields in the interface of the FGM layers are derived by using a single dislocation. Then, by determining a distributed dislocation density on the crack surface and by using the Fourier and Laplace integral transforms, the problem are reduce to a system ofsingular integral equations with simple Cauchy kernel. The dynamic stress intensity factors are determined by numerical Laplace inversion and the distributed dislocation technique. Finally, various examples are provided to investigate the effects of the geometrical parameters, material properties, viscous damping and cracks configuration on the dynamic fracture behavior of the interacting cracks.

Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines Using AlCl3 in Aqua Mediated

  • Behbahani, Farahnaz K.;Ziaei, Parisa
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.44-48
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    • 2014
  • Catalytic performance of Lewis acids have been investigated in the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines via cyclocondensation reaction of aniline derivatives with cyclic enol ethers such as 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and 2,3-dihydrofuran. The catalytic activity of various of these catalysts in different solvents was compared with other classical catalysts such as KSF clay (1.5 g), $InCl_3$ (10-20 mol%), $ZrOCl_2$ (10 mol%), $Sc(OTf)_3$ (3 mol%), PANI-$InCl_3$ (10 mol%), $I_2$ (20 mol%), $InCl_3$ (5 mol%), 4-npa (25 mol%) and Cellulose-$SO_3H$ (0.03 g).

Iron (III) Phosphate as a Green and Reusable Catalyst Promoted Chemo Selective Acetylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Acetic Anhydride Under Solvent Free Conditions at Room Temperature (친환경 촉매 Iron (III) phosphate: 실온/무용매 반응조건에서 알코올과 페놀의 선택적인 아실화 반응)

  • Behbahani, F.K.;Farahani, M.;Oskooie, H.A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.633-637
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    • 2011
  • Iron (III) phosphate was employed as an efficient catalyst for the chemo selective acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent free condition at room temperature and with high yields. Iron (III) phosphate is also a potential green catalyst due to solid intrinsically, reusable and with high catalytic activity.

On Water CuSO4. 5H2O-catalyzed Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes

  • Behbahani, Farahnaz Kargar;Maryam, Sadeghi
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.357-360
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    • 2013
  • Sustainable development is a balance between environment and development. Sustainable development requires sustainable supplies of clean, affordable, and renewable energy sources that do not cause negative impact to the society. This article introduces a green chemistry method to synthesize 2-amino-4H-chromenes that reduces or eliminates the use and generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products. This method is described using copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, as a green and reusable catalyst on water. The products were obtained at very good yields, short reaction time, and at lower cost than other reported procedures.

Effects of Probiotic and Prebiotic on Average Daily Gain, Fecal Shedding of Escherichia Coli, and Immune System Status in Newborn Female Calves

  • Roodposhti, Pezhman Mohamadi;Dabiri, Najafgholi
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.9
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    • pp.1255-1261
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    • 2012
  • Thirty two Holstein female calves (initial body weight = $40{\pm}3.0$ kg) were used to investigate the effects of probiotic and prebiotic on average daily gain (ADG), fecal E. coli count, white blood cell count, plasma IgG1 level and cell-mediated immune response to injection of phytohemagglutinin in suckling female calves. Calves were assigned randomly to one of the four treatments, including whole milk without additives (control), whole milk containing probiotic, whole milk containing prebiotic and whole milk containing probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic). Average daily gain was greater in calves fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic at weeks 6, 7 and 8 (p<0.05). E. coli count was significantly lower in calves fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on d 56 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatments in blood samples and cell-mediated response. This study showed that addition of probiotic, prebiotic and combination of these additives to milk enhanced ADG and reduced fecal E. coli count in preruminant calves.