• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.834-835
• /
• 2013

This study makes an evaluation whether compliance on the web accessibility of domestic broadcasters site is observed to some degree. The compliance rate is estimated by six guidelines provided in KWA-H 4.0 automatically assessed tool. While the compliance rate of the broadcaster web accessibility is the highest in 'open new window' by 80.2% among six guidelines, the item of 'markup error prevention' demonstrated the lowest level by 36.2%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.1204-1210
• /
• 2014

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding fibrous diets on growth performance and occurrence of aggressive behaviours in growing pigs. Sixty healthy castrated pigs (initial body weight: $46.7{\pm}4.35$ kg) were used. A basal diet was diluted with maize cobs to two levels (0 and 160 g/kg dry matter). Behavioural activities were observed using video cameras for three weeks, 8 h/d starting at 0800 h. Pigs subjected to control diet gained more weight compared to pigs receiving fibrous diet in week 1 (0.47 vs 0.15 kg, respectively) and 2 (1.37 vs 1.04, respectively) (p<0.05). Average daily gain was not affected by treatment diet in the third week. Pigs on high fibrous spent more time eating, lying down, standing, walking and fighting (p<0.05) compared to pigs on control diet. Time spent eating increased as the weeks progressed whilst time spent lying down decreased. Time of day had an effect on time spent on different behavioural activities exhibited by all pigs on different treatment diet (p<0.05). Inactivity was greatest in 5th (1200 to 1300 h) hour of the day for all the pigs on different dietary treatments. Skin lesions appeared the most on neck and shoulder region followed by chest, stomach and hind leg region, and finally head region (p<0.05). Pigs on high fibre diet had more skin lesions in all body regions compared to pigs on control diet (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the high fibrous diet with maize cobs did not affect growth performance and also did not reduce aggressive behaviours. Aggressive behaviours emanated out of frustration when queuing on the feeder. The findings of this study suggest that maize cobs can be included at a level of 160 g/kg in diets of pigs. However, to reduce the level of aggression more feeding space should be provided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.1833-1839
• /
• 2018

Objective: Incorporating high fibre ingredients into pig diets has the potential to reduce odour emissions from of pigs. The current study was carried out to determine effect of diets containing 0, 80 and 160 g/kg of each of lucerne hay, maize cobs and sunflower husks on the chemical characteristics and odours from pig slurries. Methods: Twenty eight pigs averaging $18{\pm}2.0kg$ were kept in individual cages, over four weeks. All pigs were fed ad libitum. Faeces and urine were collected, mixed in a 1:2.3 ratio (w/w), stored and fermented for 16 days in a temperature controlled room at $22^{\circ}C{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$. The slurry was sampled twice (on day 1 and on day 16) of the fermentation period and analysed for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, on wet basis. All samples were tested for odour offensiveness using 18 panelists. A scale of 1 to 5 was used to rank the odour severity, (1 = not offensive, 5 = extremely offensive). Results: Slurry pH and COD varied with fibre source (p<0.05). On day 16, COD for lucerne hay, sunflower husk and maize cobs were 369, 512, and 425 (standard error of the mean = 34.2) mg of oxygen per litre. Total SCFA concentration was higher at day 16 than day 1 (p<0.05). Odour offensiveness varied with fibre source across both incubation periods (p<0.05). Sunflower husks and lucerne hay-based diets were rated as less offensive (mean rank = 2.2) than maize cob diets (mean rank of 4.3) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that different fibre sources and incubation period influence chemical composition and odour of the slurry. There is, thereby, a need to incorporate locally available fibrous feeds in the diet of pigs because they have an economical and environmental relevance to pig management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1183-1196
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study ascertained effects of roughage quality, period of day at meal termination and time lapse after feeding on digesta load in the rumen. Methods: Veld hay was untreated (poor roughage quality, PRQ), improved (improved roughage quality, IRQ) by treating with urea or semi-improved by spraying with urea (semi-improved roughage quality, SIRQ). Experiment 1a used four rumen fistulated sheep to determine in-sacco degradability. Twelve sheep ($56.3{\pm}4.59kg$) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 6) and PRQ (n = 6) to determine solid and liquid passage rates. In experiment 1b, nine sheep ($37.6{\pm}9.34kg$) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 4) and PRQ (n = 5) to determine digestibility. Sixteen sheep ($36.47{\pm}9.46kg$) were blocked by body weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 8) and PRQ (n = 8). Two sheep were slaughtered for each sampling time in each treatment (IRQ and PRQ) at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding to determine rumen load. In experiment 2, eighteen goats ($25.4{\pm}9.08kg$) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 6), SIRQ (n = 6), and PRQ (n = 6). Then all 18 goats were slaughtered soon after meal termination in the morning; afternoon and evening to determine the effect of period of day on rumen fill. Results: Rate of degradation and effective degradability were enhanced by improvement of roughage quality. Roughage quality had no effect on digestibility, but digestibility was higher in goats than sheep. Fractional passage rate of particles was higher for IRQ than PRQ, but similar for liquids. Digesta fractional clearance rates at 24 h after feeding were 0.018/h (IRQ) and 0.006/h (PRQ). Period of day had an influence on rumen load. Neutral detergent fibre load for goats were above 2.03 kg/100 kg body weight for all diet treatments. Conclusion: Following starvation, passage rate had negligible effects on emptying of rumen load.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 2014

The obligation of web accessibility in public center, education center, medical center and rehabilitation center started from 2009 has plan to adapt it to a corporation and culture and art until 2015 by stages. This study analysed in the aspect of statistics how well the domestic broadcasting system follows web accessibility which was evaluated by six automatic checking guidelines provided in KWA-H 4.3 automatic evaluation device. With Kruskal-Wallis' test result of nonparametric analysis, an item of basic language statement seemed to be highly followed(p=0.041) with broadcasting system> internet newspaper> the daily press> sports newspaper in order. An item of label offering was followed(p=0.015) with sports newspaper> broadcasting system> the daily press> internet newspaper in order.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 1993

Physico-chemical characteristics of glutinuous rice during soaking treatment at different temperature for Yu-Kwa (Korean traditional glutinous rice cake) processing were determined. Crude fat and protein contents of soaked glutinous rice decreased up to 30% to 50%, respectively, compared to raw rice, but there was a little difference in soaking periods. As the soaking period increased pH of soaking solution was decreased from 6.4 to 3.3, while Brix was increased from 0.5 to 13.6. Titration acidity of soaking solution and soaked rice were increased to 22.9 and 3.4, respectively, as the soaking period increased to 9 days at $20^{\circ}C$ soaking, but it was increased rapidly to 29.8 and 4.0, respectively, at $30^{\circ}C$. The three kinds of free sugar such as glucose, sucrose and maltose were detected. Glucose was the major produced free sugar during soaking, sucrose was not detected after 1 day soaking period. Characteristics of amylographic viscosity on soaked rice showed that there are no difference in pasting temperature by the soaking time and temperature, but the maximum viscosity was drastically increased on $1{\sim}2\;day$ soaking period and decreased rapidly after $2{\sim}3\;day$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.783-793
• /
• 2003

The effects of various kinds of starch (mungbean, potato, corn and a blend of potato and com starch) on the quality characteristics of muhwakwa-pyun were studied according to the storage duration. The sweetness, pH and total acidity of muhwakwa extract were analyzed, as were the Visco/Amylograph viscosity profile and DSC thermodynamic characteristics of starches. For quality characteristics, color difference, instrumental texture characteristics and sensory characteristics were compared. The sweetness of muhwakwa extract was satisfactory but the total acidity was low for Kwa-pyun manufacture. Therefore, its pH was adjusted to 3.4 by adding 10％ citric acid with an amount of 1％ of total liquid. From the Visco/Amylograph viscosity profile and DSC thermodynamic characteristics of starches, a blend of potato and com starch was found to be easy to cook and form a gel but a little more resistant than the other starches in terms of retrogradatin. Lightness (L) and yellowness (b) of Kwa-pyun increased while its redness (a) decreased by the storage. The color became whiter and the clarity decrease regardless of the kinds of starch, which became obvious after 3 days of storage. The hardness, springiness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness tended to decrease with storage, which was weak in a blend starch. The overall acceptability of Kwa-pyun made with a blend of potato and com starch was evaluated as being the best among the samples tested. Therefore, for traditional kwa-pyun manufacture manufacture mungbean starch might be replaced with a blend of potato and corn starch which is less expensive and easily available in the market nowadays.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1.2-9
• /
• 1992

We investigated the depth profiles of heavy metals in the surface sediments at Haedong reservoir in Pusan. Sampling was done at the intervals of 50 m of drift along the water channel into the reservoir. All samples were analyzed with an ICP-AES. We determined the content of Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Fe. The overall mean content of these heavy metals were observed to $(2.9{\pm}1.2){\times}10^{-3}$, $(1.3{\pm}0.7){\times}10^{-3}$, $(1.9{\pm}2.1){\times}10^{-4}$ $(2.3{\pm}1.1){\times}10^{-2}$ $(1.6{\pm}1.0){\times}10{-3}$, and $(4.5{\pm}2.6){\times}10^{-4}$ ppm/ppm Fe, recpectively excluding iron data. Mean contents of Cu show an increasing trend toward the surface of sediments, while those of U show a decreasing trend, and those of Pb and Cr are relatively stable. Comparing with the contents of heavy metals in soils at two sites of Kumjeong mountain, enrichment factors of heavy metals in the surface sediments were determined. Among heavy metals we investigated, copper showed the largest value of enrichment factor. Considering the maximum content of heavy metals in the surface sediment, the values of enrichment factors of Cu, Cd and Cr were significant which were n, 8.1 and 4.0, respectively. In leaching experiment, it appeared that Pb, Cd, Cr, and Fe in sediments were hardly leached out into water. We also examined the effect of pH on the content of heavy metals.