• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1988

Research was conducted to obtain easy and secure methods for promoting germination of Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonic a Steud.) seed. The effect of sodium hypochiorite (NaOCl) treatment on germination of seeds was compared with that of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment under conditions of duration of seed storage after harvest and temperature of treatment. Emergence of seedlings from soil and micro-flora infection rate among seed treatments were investigated. 1. The promotion of germination was much more evident in seeds treated with 4% NaOCl for 8 and 10 hours than in seeds treated with 25% or 30% KOH for 30 and 40 minutes. Longer durations of storage before seed treatment in KOH than in NaOCl were required to initiate enough germination. 2. Differences in temperature of treatment with NaOCT did not have much influence on germination of seeds and treatment temperature of 15˚C was better than that of 200˚C and 300˚C for promoting germination. But seed treatment with KOH significantly promoted germination with increasing temperature of treatment from I 5˚C to 20˚C and 30˚C. 3. GA$_3$ treatment enhanced germination in NaOCl-pretreated seeds at early stage of imbibition and in-creased about 10% germination after 10 days of imbibition in KOH-pretreated seeds. 4. NaOC1 treatments significantly decreased the rate of the infection of microflora in seed samples and enhaced emergence of seedlings from soil compared with KOH treatment. 5. NaOC1 treatment had advantage over KOH treatment with respect to ease of preparing, securing and handling in stimulating germinating of Korean lawngrass seeds.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.377-398
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• 1999

Calcium fluoride, created by topical fluoride application, is the reservoir for fluoride ion regulated by pH in the oral environment. Therefore, the amount and the maintenance of calcium fluoride have an important role in preventing dental caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the generation of calcium fluoride and the acid resistance of tooth enamel. The bovine anterior permanent teeth were prepared (n=276), and divided into following groups : no treatment (control) fluoride application alone, laser irradiation alone, laser irradiation after fluoride application, and fluoride application after laser irradiation. And each group was subdivided based on the application time of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) (5 min and 30 min) and the irradiation energy of Nd:YAG laser ($20J/cm^2\;and\;40J/cm^2$). In case of fluoride application, each group was divided according to KOH treatment. Twenty three treatment conditions were made for this experiment and twelve specimens were assigned to each treatment condition. In each treatment condition, ten specimens were used for chemical analysis and two specimens were observed under SEM. In groups without treating KOH, fluoride content and the depth of enamel dissolved were measured using enamel biopsy technique. In groups with treating KOH, the amount of calcium fluoride was measured by the treatment with 1 M KOH for 24 hours and enamel biopsy was performed after KOH treatment. The results were analyzed by the fluoride content and the depth of enamel dissolved by enamel biopsy, amount and thickness of calcium fluoride, and the surface structures of enamel. The results are as follows: 1. In groups without treating KOH, the fluoride content of removed enamel showed a positive relationship with the energy density of laser when the laser irradiated before fluoride application 2. In groups without treating KOH, the depth of enamel dissolved decreased more with the combined laser and fluoride treatment than with laser or fluoride treatment, except for the case of $20J/cm^2$ laser irradiation after 5 minute fluoride application (p<0.05). 3. The amount of calcium fluoride did not increased by laser treatment with no statistical significance(p>0.05). 4. The particle size of calcium fluoride increased in case of fluoride treatment after laser irradiation, compared with fluoride application alone. In case of laser treatment after fluoride application, the particle size of calcium fluoride increased and some of the particles fused as well. 5. There were no significant differences in the fluoride content of dissolved enamel between groups without treating KOH and control group, except for the case of laser irradiation after treatment of APF for 30 minutes (p>0.05). 6. In groups with treating KOH, depth of removed enamel in the groups of combined treatment with laser and fluoride was shallower than that in fluoride application groups (p<0.05). 7. In groups without treating KOH, the relationship between fluoride content and the depth of enamel dissolved showed more negative (Spearman correlation coefficient: -0.6281) than in groups with treating KOH (Spearman correlation coefficient: -0.3792). The greater amount of calcium fluoride could be found in case where there was a significant differences of the depth of enamel dissolved between groups with and without treating KOH. From these results, it can be concluded that laser seems to be a little effects on the amount of calcium fluoride formation, but has some effect on the lowering the solubility of calcium fluoride. As the combined treatment of laser and fluoride application showed more effective acid-resistant property, more extended recall period for fluoride application can be achieved with this combined treatment in the clinic.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement of fiber surface, physical properties and research the physical properties and dyeability of cotton fabrics treated with KOH solution at low and high temperature. The treatment conditions for mercerization with KOH were changed various temperatures(25, $90^{\circ}C$), concentrations(15, 20, 25, 30%. w/v) and times(30, 60, 180, 300sec). The effects of mercerization after KOH treatment estimated with tensile strength, tearing strength, shrinkage, drape stiffness, moisture regain, fiber surface, and dyeability. The optimal conditions were concentration of KOH 20%, time 180sec in low temperature and concentration of KOH 20%, time 60sec in high temperature. The results are as follows; Tensile strength, tearing strength and moisture regain were much improved than those of untreated cotton fabric. Shrinkage and drape stiffness of KOH treated cotton were more increased at $25^{\circ}C$ than $90^{\circ}C$. Fiber surface showed more rounded shape at $25^{\circ}C$ than $90^{\circ}C$. Dyeability of cotton fabrics improved by KOH treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the treatment of the Tinea corporis treated by Korean medicine. Methods : The skin lesion with keratin were scraped and placed on a slide glass, and the KOH solution was dropped and observed under a microscope. After the hyphae was confirmed, a ChoPho-bang was prescribed and applied twice a day. Results : In the KOH test performed again 3 weeks after treatment, no hyphae was found and the skin lesion was completely disappeared. Conclusions : For Tinea Corporis, the KOH test is recommended to distinguish it from other skin diseases, and application of ChoPho-bang is effective for treatment.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The carbon felt used as the electrode of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) requires imprived electrochemical activity for better battery performance and efficiencies. Many efforts have been tried to improve electrochemical activity of the carbon felt as electrodes. In this study the alkali solution, KOH, is applied on surface treatment of the carbon felt electrode. The carbon felts were treated with KOH under room temperature and $80^{\circ}C$. The isopropyl alcohol was applied to improve wettability of the carbon felt during KOH treatment. The KOH treated carbon felt was analyzed by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis of carbon felt electrode revealed on increase in the overall surface oxygen content of the carbon felts after KOH treatment. Also, cyclic voltametry tests showed electrochemical characteristics enhancement of the carbon felt.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

To increase dyeability of cotton fabric to the chestnut shell dyeing, we had several dyeing experiments with the experimental fabrics which was pre-treated by soybean, NaOH, KOH. Three kinds of experimental cotton fabrics were used and chestnut shell dyebath was made for the experiment. Munsell's color HV/C and color differences ΔE of dyeing fabrics were compared between pre-treatment and none pre-treatment dyeing fabrics. The main results were as follows ; Color differences of dyeing fabrics pre-treated with soybean, NaOH, KOH were higher than those of none pre-treated dyeing fabrics. In case of pre-treatment with soybean, the concentration of the soybean bath affected the color differences but not affected in case of pre-treatment with NaOH & KOH. Munsell's color of pre-treatment fabrics with soybean, NaOH, KOH were same with the none pre-treatment fabrics. Colorfastness of the pre-treated fabrics were same degree, but only in case of soybean pre-treated fabrics were low in fastness of washing(change) & perspiration(acidic change).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1984

In order to obtain an easy and effective scarification method for stimulating the seed germination of Korean lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), sodium hypochlorite (SH), which is used as a commercial bleach and a seed disinfestant, was tested as a chemical scarifier instead of potassium hydroxide (KOH). 1. Scarification with 4% SH for 2 hours followed by 8-hour water-rinse stimulated seed germination more effectively compared to generalized scarification method by KOH treatment. 2. The degree of stimulating seed gemination was different by the various water-rinsing time after SH treatment, but the optimum rinsing time was about 4 to 8 hours. 3. GA treatment after SH scarification stimulated seed germination. However, the stimulation effect of GA was not showed in non-scarified control. 4. SH treatment significantly decreased the percentage of the infection of microflora in seed samples compared to KOH treatment. 5. Under practical seed scarification conditions for stimulating germination of Korean lawn grass seed. SH may have advantages over KOH with respect to ease of preparing, securing and handling.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

The removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water using KOH-activated pine tree needle leaves biochar is considered a cost effective and efficient process. In this study, pine tree needle leaves were mixed with 0, 50, 100 and 200% (KOH weight/feedstock weight) of KOH, respectively. Then, the mixture was pyrolyzed at $500^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. The adsorption characteristics of 10 VOCs to the biochar were tested. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of the KOH activated biochar was highest in 100% KOH-biochar. The VOC removal efficiencies of 50% and 200% KOH activated biochar were similar and the 0% KOH activated biochar showed the lowest VOC removal. The FTIR results showed that increasing the amount of KOH seemed to enhance the formation of various functional groups, such as -OH, -C=C, -O. The adsorption strength of 10 VOCs to the KOH activated biochar seemed to be increasing by the increase of the solubility of VOCs. This may suggest that the adsorption is taking place in hydrophilic sites of the biochar surface. The KOH activated pine tree needle leaves biochar can be an effective sorbent for VOCs removal in water and 100% KOH mixing seemed to provide better sorption capacity.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

The role of KOH in the one-stage KOH-activation of rice straws was studied using FTIR, XPS, TGA, and DTG techniques. It was found that at the impregnation, KOH extracts to some extent the lignin component from rice straw and reacts with hydroxyl groups. On heat-treatment, the impregnated KOH facilitates intermolecular condensation reaction on one hand but retards the thermal degradation of cellulose molecules on the other hand. The oxygen-containing surface functional groups newly created by oxidation of KOH may facilitate the bulk, not controlled, consumption of carbon atoms so that the effective porosities may not be able to be developed by the one-stage activation process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.788-793
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• 2011

To evaluate fertilizer value of animal cadavers for agricultural recycling, fertilizer components of animal cadavers by pig and poultry were investigated using rendering and alkali (KOH) treatment methods. Total nitrogen concentrations in meat waste by pig and poultry using rendering treatment method were 7.80% and 9.30%, respectively. Total nitrogen concentration in meat waste of pig by KOH treatment method was lower than that by rendering treatment method. Organic matter concentrations in meat waste of pig and poultry ranged 87.8~97.4%. Total phosphorus concentrations in bone waste of pig using rendering and KOH treatment methods ranged 5.59~11.18%. Animal cadavers contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients essential to plant growth. The results of this study suggest that animal cadavers can supply some of the nutrient requirements of crops and is a valuable fertilizer as well.