• 제목/요약/키워드: KJHST

검색결과 154건 처리시간 0.018초

Effect of Seed Collection Stage and Temperature on Germination of Deutzia paniculata Nakai, the Korea Native Species

  • Jeong, Mi Jin;Choi, Go Eun;Ghimire, Balkrishna;Lee, Ha Yan;Jung, Ji Young;Choi, Myung Suk;Ku, Ja Jung;Lee, Kyung Mee;Lee, Cheul Ho;Suh, Gang Uk;Son, Sung Won
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.372-382
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of seed collection stage and alternating temperature on the germination of Deutzia paniculata (Hydrangeaceae). The seeds were collected from naturally growing D. paniculata populations in Mt. Palgong, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Korea every two weeks over a three month period from August through October, 2014, totaling five collections. We examined seed characteristics such as seed size (length and width) and weight, and germination percentages for each collection stage under four different germination temperature regimes. We also examined germination after 30 and 60 days of cold moist stratification. Each collection phase had a different germination percentage and the lowest germination percentage was observed in the seeds from phase I (average GP of 15.7%). The germination percentage was similar at the later collection phases and in the higher temperatures suggesting that later collection times and higher temperatures are optimal for D. paniculata germination. We found that the optimum collection stage with high viability and germination percentage of for D. paniculata was during the middle of the September.

Growth and Flowering Responses of Petunia to Various Artificial Light Sources with Different Light Qualities

  • Park, In Sook;Cho, Kyung Jin;Kim, Jiseon;Cho, Ji Yoon;Lim, Tae Jo;Oh, Wook
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of artificial light sources with different light qualities on the growth and flowering characteristics of a herbaceous long-day plant, Petunia ${\times}$ hybrida Hort. Seedlings of petunia cultivar 'Madness Rose' were potted, acclimated for one week, and grown in a phytotron equipped with tube- and bulb-type fluorescent lamps (FL tube and bulb), tube-type white light-emitting diodes (LED tube), halogen lamps (HL), metal halide lamps (MH), and high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) for 10 weeks. The temperature, photoperiod, and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in the phytotron were $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 16 h, and $25{\pm}2{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. Light sources combined with HL promoted stem elongation, and plant height and internode length decreased with increasing red to far-red (R:FR) ratio. FL tube + LED tube, HPS, and FL tube promoted branching, whereas plants grown under light sources combined with HL did not have any branches. Days to flowering (from longest to shortest) occurred as follows: FL tube + HL > FL tube + HL > MH > HPS = FL tube + FL bulb > FL tube + LED tube > LED tube > FL tube, indicating that reducing the R:FR ratio of the light sources promoted flowering. Only 20% of plants grown under an FL tube flowered, whereas under all other treatments, 100% of plants flowered. At 10 weeks after treatment, plants grown under HPS and MH had (cumulatively) 12 open flowers, and those grown under FL tube + FL bulb, LED tube, FL tube + LED tube, and HPS treatment had approximately seven flower buds. These results suggest that light sources with low R:FR ratios promote flowering and stem elongation in petunia, but they reduce its ornamental value due to overgrowth and poor branching.

Analysis of Structure and Expression of Grapevine 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase Genes in Response to Low Temperature

  • Kim, Seon Ae;Ahn, Soon Young;Yun, Hae Keun
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2016
  • 2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) acts as a signaling molecule and plays a critical role in secondary metabolism in a variety of organisms, including plants. Six 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II) oxygenase (2OGO) genes, VlCE2OGO1 [Vitis labruscana 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II) oxygenase 1], VlCE2OGO2, VlCE2OGO3, VlCE2OGO4, VlCE2OGO5, and VlCE2OGO6, which show different expression patterns upon transcriptome analysis of 'Campbell Early' grapevine exposed to low temperature for 4 weeks, were analyzed for their structure and expression. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 2OGO genes from the V. labruscana transcripts revealed sequence similarities of 38.6% (VlCE2OGO1 and VlCE2OGO2) to 19.2% (VlCE2OGO2 and VlCE2OGO3). The lengths of these genes ranged from 1053 to 2298 bp, and they encoded 316 to 380 amino acids. The prediction of the secondary structure of the encoded proteins by Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA) indicated that all the genes contained alpha helix (23.95 to 41.71%), extended strand (16 to 22.34%), beta turn (6.65 to 9.22%), and random coil (32.97 to 51.58%) in the analysis. Specific primers from unique regions in each gene obtained by alignment of nucleotide sequences were used in real time PCR for analysis of gene expression. All tested genes showed differential expression in grapevines exposed to low temperature. Of the six transcripts, VlCE2OGO1, VlCE2OGO2, and VlCE2OGO3 were up-regulated and VlCE2OGO4, VlCE2OGO5, and VlCE2OGO6 were down-regulated in response to cold treatments at all tested time points. The 2OG genes can be used for elucidation of mechanisms of tolerance to cold and as valuable molecular genetic resources for selection in breeding programs for cold-hardy grapevines.

Altered Protein Expression in Peach (Prunus persica) Following Fruit Bagging

  • Zhang, Wei;Zhao, Xiaomeng;Shi, Mengya;Yang, Aizhen;Hua, Baoguang;Liu, Yueping
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.32-45
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    • 2016
  • Fruit bagging has been widely practiced in peach cultivation to produce high quality and unblemished fruit. Moreover, fruit bagging has been utilized to study the effect of shading on the quality of fruit. We conducted a proteomic analysis on peach fruit to elucidate the biochemical and physiological events that characterize the effect of bagging treatment. Comparative analysis of 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) gels showed that relative protein levels differed significantly at 125 DAFB (days after full bloom), as well as at 133 DAFB in fruit that had been bagged until 125 DAFB, followed by exposure to sunlight. Most of the proteins with altered expression were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF. Twenty-one proteins with differential expression among the groups were identified at 125 DAFB, while thirty proteins with differential expression among the groups were identified at 133 DAFB. The analysis revealed that expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, stress responses, and biochemical processes influencing metabolism were altered during bagging treatment, suggesting that regulation of the synthesis of carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins influenced fruit size, solid/acid ratio, and peel color. This work provides the first characterization of proteomic changes in peach in response to fruit bagging treatment. Identifying and tracking protein changes may allow us to better understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of bagging treatment.

Growth, Fruit Quality, and Cracking of 'Campbell Early' Grapevine Grown under a Rain-shelter System in Sandy Loam Soils as Affected by Intervals and Amounts of Irrigation

  • Kim, Byeong-Sam;Yun, Bong-Ki;Jung, Seok-Kyu;Choi, Hyun-Sug
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2016
  • A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation (amount, interval) on tree growth, fruit quality, and cracking of organic 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012 and 2013. Three irrigation treatments were applied using a sprinkler system from mid-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013, as follows: 10 mm was applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm was applied every two days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm was applied every five days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were found to be greatest in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20-40% in the 10 mm-IR, between 20-60% in the 20 mm-IR, and between 20-70% in the 30 mm-IR treatment plots. The total number of leaves per shoot and shoot growth were found to be greatest in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatments, respectively. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin pigmentation ($b^*$; blue). Approximately 5% of fruit cracking was observed on average over both years in the 10 mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30 mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% of cracking in 2012. Average marketable fruit yield per year over two years was greatest for the 10 mm-IR treatment ($24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) followed by the 30 mm-IR treatment ($22.7t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and lastly the 20 mm-IR treatment ($22.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Thus, the 10 mm-IR treatment represents a suitable irrigation regimen for controlling leaf and shoot growth of vines grown under a rain-shelter system in sandy loam soils, while improving fruit sugar contents and skin color and limiting fruit cracking.

Determination of Phenolics, Sugars, Organic Acids and Antioxidants in the Grape Variety Kalecik Karası under Different Bud Loads and Irrigation Amounts

  • Tangolar, Serpil Gok;Tangolar, Semih;Kelebek, Hasim;Topcu, Sevilay
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.495-509
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    • 2016
  • Irrigation applications (IA) and increased bud load (BL) are fundamental practices that are used to achieve optimum yields in grape production, while maintaining fruit quality parameters. Two different irrigation amounts (IA-I and IA-II) based on growth stages, in addition to a non-irrigated (rain-fed) control, along with two different BL applications [normal bud load based on traditional pruning practices (1BL) and double bud load (2BL)] were evaluated over a two-year experiment for their effects on the biochemical composition of the berries. Berries from the rain-fed vines had higher sugar levels, whereas no significant change was detected in organic acid levels. The increased bud load (2BL) treatment yielded less sugar in the berries compared to the 1BL control in both years. The total non-colored phenolic compounds (NPC) were greater in the irrigated (especially IA-I) and 2BL treatments than in those of the rain-fed and 1BL control. However, total anthocyanin was greater in the non-irrigated and 1BL control than in the irrigated and 2BL treatments. The antioxidant contents of the berries also varied according to the treatments and years. Our results implied that implementing a higher bud load along with the IA-I irrigation application, in which irrigation applications were 50 and 75% of the cumulative evaporation from the Class A pan during berry set to veraison and veraison to harvest growth stages, respectively, can help in obtaining greater yields in high-plateau viticulture. Thus, if more buds are left on the vines, along with sufficient irrigation and rainfall, yield may increase while maintaining or increasing the biochemical composition of the berries.

심비디움 2배체, 4배체의 분화수명 조사 및 전자코를 이용한 향기패턴분석 (Scent Analysis Using an Electronic Nose and Flowering Period of Potted Diploid and Tetraploid Cymbidium)

  • 황숙현;김미선;박부희;박소영
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.163-171
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    • 2016
  • 배수성에 따른 심비디움 꽃 향기의 변화를 알아보기 위해 전자코를 이용하여 C. Golden Elf 'Sundust'의 2배체와 4배체 꽃을 PCA(주성분분석)와 DFA(판별함수분석)로 분석한 결과, 꽃 한 송이의 향기는 2배체에 비해 4배체에서 강하게 나타났고, 화기 조직별 향기는 예주가 가장 강하게 나타났으며 꽃잎과 설판은 근접한 패턴을 보였다. 배수성에 따른 심비디움의 분화수명의 차이를 알아보기 위해 C. Golden Elf 'Sundust'와 C. Elma 'Orient Toyo' 분화의 화경을 조사한 결과 개화기간뿐 만 아니라 화경당 화수, 화경장에서 모두 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 심비디움을 비롯한 다른 종류의 난과식물 배수체 육종에 있어 기초자료로 유용하게 활용 될 것이다.

성발현 연관 분자마커를 이용한 단성화 참외 선발 (Marker-Assisted Selection for Monoecy in Chamoe (Cucumis melo L.))

  • 방선웅;송기환;심성철;정상민
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.134-141
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    • 2016
  • 멜론에서 개발된 단성화 연관 마커인 T1ex를 참외계통 선발에 적용하였다. T1ex 마커가 멜론에서는 단성화에 대해 두 가지 크기의 변이를 보였으나 참외에서는 단일 크기 변이를 보였고 하나의 계통을 제외한 나머지 105 계통에서 단성화와 양성화에 대한 표현형과 유전자형이 99% 일치함을 보였다. 또한 T1ex 단성화 연관마커의 MAS 적용가능성을 확인하기 위해 참외 품종 육성에 이용되고 있는 240개 개체 중 분자마커 선택법으로 선발된 98개체를 비교해 본 결과 표현형과 유전자형이 100% 일치하였고, 이형 유전자형을 조기에 효과적으로 제거 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 멜론에서는 적용이 어렵다고 판단된 단성화 연관 마커 T1ex가 참외에서는 계통 육성과정에서 적용 가치가 매우 높다고 평가된다.

Sensitivity of Lavender to Proton, Electron, and Gamma Radiation

  • Chen, Wensheng;Li, Hui;Shi, Lei;Bai, Hong Tong
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.122-133
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    • 2016
  • While ion beams are widely used in plant breeding, little is known about the sensitivity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) to ionizing radiation. To compare the biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation on the germination and survival rates of lavender, we exposed lavender seeds to gamma rays, 3 MeV electron beams, and 1.89 MeV proton ion beams. We observed that the seed germination rate decreased with increasing dosages of all three types of ionizing radiation. The malformation rate of lavender seedlings exposed to electron beams and gamma rays increased with increasing radiation dosage. By contrast, the effect of the accelerated proton beams on the malformation rate was negatively correlated with the dosage used. The survival rate of lavender seedlings exposed to the three types of ionizing radiation decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the survival rate of seedlings irradiated with proton and electron beams decreased more slowly than did that of seedlings irradiated with gamma rays. The half-lethal dose of gamma rays, electron beams, and proton beams was determined to be 48.1 Gy, 134.3 Gy, and 277.8 Gy, respectively, and the most suitable proton-ion energy for lavender seeds in terms of penetration depth was determined to be 5 MeV. These findings provide valuable information for the breeding of lavender by radiation mutation.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.