• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.54-65
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• 1999

In this study, the flow field, spray structure, and combustion process were investigated in a direct injection diesel engine having an offset bowl in a combustion chamber. The KIVA-3V code was used in this study. In order to obtain accurate results, a droplet atomization model, wall impingement model, and ignition delay concept were added to KIVA-3V code. The results showed that the offset bowl engine had a large vortex flow. The direction of this flow counteracted to the direction of fuel injection in one side of combustion chamber. It decreased local turbulent kinetic energy and eventually nonuniform combustion was resulted in an offset bowl engine. In comparison with a center bowl engine case, the peak cylinder pressure was decreased about 6%. Finally , the effect of swirl on combustion was investigated in an offset bowl engine . As the became stronger, the nouniform characteristics in combustion were increased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2008

대형디젤 기관에서 매연배기가스에 대한 배기가스 재순환장치의 영향을 KIVA-3V 전산유체해석코드를 통해서 수치 해석적으로 연구했다. 지배방정식으로 RNG k-$\varepsilon$ 난류 모델을 이용했고, 무화, 벽 침투 그리고 매연 등의 물리적인 현상을 나타내기 위해서 TAB, Wave, Watkins-Park, Nagle-Strickland 모델이 적용되었다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

In this study, the coupled simulation of fuel injection model and three-dimensional KIVA-3V code was tried to develop an algorism for predicting the effects of varying fuel injection parameter on the characteristics of fuel injection and emissions. The numerical simulations were performed using STAR-CD code in order to calculate the intake air flow, and the combustion characteristics is examined by KIVA-3V code linked with the conditional moment closure(CMC) model to predict mean turbulent reaction rate. Parametric investigation with respect to twelve relevant injection parameters shows that appropriate modification of control chamber orifice diameter, needle valve spring constant and nozzle chamber orifice diameter can significantly reduce NOx and soot emissions. Consequently, it is needed to optimize the fuel injection system to reduce the specific emissions such as NOx and soot.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1196-1204
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• 2001

The effects of EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation) on heavy-duty diesel engine performance, NO and soot emissions were numerically investigated using the modified KIVA-3V code. For the fuel spray, the atomization model based on the linear stability analysis and spray wall impingement model were developed for the KIVA-3V code. The Zeldovich mechanism for the formation of nitric oxide and the soot model suggested by Hiroyasu et al. were used to predict the diesel emissions. In this paper, the computational results of fuel spray, cylinder pressure, and emissions were compared with experimental data, and the optimum EGR rates were sought from the NO and soot emissions trade-off. The results showed that the EGR is effective in suppressing NO but the soot emission was increased considerably by EGR. Using cooled EGR, soot emission could be enhanced without worsening of NO.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

In the standard CFD code, Lagrangian-Eulerian method is very popular to simulate the liquid spray penetrating into gaseous phase. Though this method can give a simple solution and low computational cost, it have been reported that the Lagrangian spray models have numerical grid dependency, resulting in serious numerical errors. Many researches have shown the grid dependency arise from two sources. The first is due to unaccurate prediction of the droplet-gas relative velocity, and the second is that the probability of binary droplet collision is dependent on the grid resolution. In order to solve the grid dependency problem, the improved spray models are implemented in the KIVA-3V code in this study. For reducing the errors in predicting the relative velocity, the momentum gain from the gaseous phase to liquid particles were resolved according to the gas-jet theory. In addition, the advanced algorithm of the droplet collision modeling which surmounts the grid dependency problem was applied. Then, in order to validate the improved spray model, the computation is compared to the experimental results. By simultaneously regarding the momentum coupling and the droplet collision modeling, successful reduction of the numerical grid dependency could be accomplished in the simulation of the high-pressure injection diesel spray.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2008

KIVA3V를 이용하여 모형 가스터빈 연소기에서 Jet-A의 분무와 연소에 관한 수치해석을 하였다. 연소기 형상은 6개의 희석홀을 가지며, 스월효과를 고려하였다. 연소 특성을 해석하기 위해 열적 NO 발생을 고려하였다. 다양한 분무각에 대해서 Jet-A 증기, 화염온도 분포와 NO 발생량에 대하여 비교하였다. 분무각이 커질수록 1차 영역에서 연료 증기가 비교적 고르게 나타나게 되며 증발이 더욱 빠르게 되고, 주변 기체와 연료 증기 사이의 혼합이 증가한다. 그 결과 고온부가 넓게 나타나게 되고, 이에 의해 열적 NO 발생이 증가한다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.381-386
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• 2007

액체 연료를 사용하는 가스터빈 연소기에서의 분무 및 연소 특성을 알아보기 위해 본 연구에서는 KIVA-3V를 이용하여 애뉼러형 모형 가스터빈 연소기에서 Jet-A의 분무와 연소에 의한 열유동 현상을 수치해석을 통하여 연구하였다. 홀을 통해 유입되는 냉각유동이 있을 경우, 유입 유동이 최적화되지 않으면 액체연료의 분무는 주위 유동장의 영향을 크게 받아 후류에서 SMD가 증가하고, 등가비의 수직적 분포가 일어나기 어렵게 된다. 화염이 연소실의 중앙 부분에서 좌우로 넓게 발생하며, 유동에 의해 화염의 후류가 갈라지는 현상이 있었으며 이로 인해 화염중심부가 분리되고 국소적인 고온부가 생성되어 NO의 발생이 증가하는 영역이 발생하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1629-1633
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• 2004

Liquid is commonly introduced as transversal jets in venturi scrubber which is one of the gas cleaning equipments. The jet dynamics such as penetration and breakup is of fundamental importance to the dust-collection efficiency. We have developed a model that can numerically simulate the breakup of the liquid jet in crossflow. This simulation consists of models on liquid column, jet surface breakup, column fracture and secondary droplet breakup. These models have been embedded in the KIVA3-V code. We have calculated such parameters as the jet penetration, jet trajectory, droplet size, velocity field and the volume flux distribution. The results are compared with the experimental data in this paper.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.37-41
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• 2004

Liquid injection in a Venturi Scrubber creates great effect on the dust-collection efficiency and operation cost of venturi scrubbers. We have developed a model that can numerically simulate atomization of the liquid jet in the Venturi Scrubber. This simulation consists of models on liquid column, jet surface breakup, column fracture and secondary droplet breakup. These models have been embedded in the KIVA3-V code. We have calculated such parameters as the jet penetration, jet trajectory, droplet size, velocity field and the volume flux distribution. The results are compared with the experimental data in this paper.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2010

This paper describes the grid-size dependency of the conventional Eulerian-Lagrangian method to spray characteristics such as spray penetration and SMD in modeling DME sprays. In addition, the reduction of the grid-size dependency of the present Gas-jet model was investigated. The calculations were performed using the KIVA code and the calculated results were compared to those of experimental result. The results showed that the conventional Eulerian-Laglangian model predicts shorter spray penetration for large cell because of inaccurate calculation of momentum exchange between liquid and gas phase. However, it was shown that the gas-jet model reduced grid-size dependency to spray penetration by calculating relative velocity between liquid and ambient gas based on gas jet velocity.