• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Phaseoli Semen Herbal-acupuncture(PS-HA) at $KI_{10}$ in acute nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : The rats were divided into 5 groups, which were control, LPS, PS-HA, NP and saline group. LPS, PS-HA, NP and saline groups were given LPS to induce acute nephritis and control group did not receive LPS. LPS group did not receive any treatment after the onset of acute nephritis. PS-HA, NP and saline group received PS-HA, normal acupuncture, and saline injection at $KI_{10}$ three times per week, respectively. To evaluate the effect of PS-HA at $KI_{10}$, the complete blood count, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$, and CINC-1 in serum were measured. To show its effect on renal function, creatinine, and total protein in urine was measured as well as urine output. The level of myeloperoxidase in renal tissue was quantified and complete histology was done in kidney samples obtained from the rats. Results : PS-HA group showed a significant reduction in the proportion of WBC and neutrophil, serum BUN, TNF-${\alpha}$, and CINC-1 compared to LPS group. Furthermore, a significant increase in urine output and a decrease in urinary creatinine level, MPO in renal tissue, and number of neutrophils at glomerulus was observed in PS-HA group compared to LPS group Conclusions : PS-HA at $KI_{10}$ was shown to have a significantly effect on treating LPS induced acute nephrits. Therefore, future study is needed to further evaluate the clinical usefulness of PS-HA at $KI_{10}$ in treating acute nephritis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.958-960
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• 2014

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Akebiae Lignum herbal acupuncture(AL-HA) at $KI_{10}$ in acute nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups and 4 groups were injected LPS to induce acute nephritis. Normal group was normal SD rat, LPS group was injected LPS, AL-HA group was treated with AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, needle prick(NP) group with 26 gauge needle and saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ on acute nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN, TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum and urinary volume, total protein in urine, renal MPO were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : AL-HA group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN in serum, total protein in urine and renal MPO. And AL-HA group reduced concentration of neutrophil on glomerulus than LPS group in histological analysis. Conclusions : AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on acute nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for acute nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.419-431
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• 1995

The common KIMI-Theory of Oriental medicine has evaluated clinical effects of herbal-drug based on KI, nature of berbs, and tastes. The KI in the theory consists of hotness, warm, cool and coldnes and also the Mi does five tastes such as sour, bitterness, sweet, spicy hotness and saltiness. However the KI does not mean thermal effect only. Thus we tried to determine skin and rectal temperatures at the same time for evaluating the relationship between KI and berbs. Male, adult Sprage-Dawly rat was chosen and berbal extract, 10g/Kg, was given orally once at 9:00 A.M. changes in rectal and skin temperatures were measured at 10, 30, 60, and 90 mins after the drug administratin. The changes in body temperatures are in greate deal of agreement of KI written in Herbology literatures.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1451-1457
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• 2016

A comparative study was performed to investigate the efficacy of KiFAY as a feed additive on performance parameters, thyroid, and pancreatic hormone levels in broilers. Ninety birds (Vencobb 400) were randomly divided into three groups viz., Control (no DL-methionine supplementation), Treatment1 (containing added DL-methionine) and Treatment 2 (containing KiFAY and without DL-methionine supplementation). The performance parameters (weekly body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed consumption ratio) were recorded and calculated during the whole study of 4 weeks. Analyses of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were performed at the end of the study. The results show that birds on supplementation of KiFAY performed significantly (p<0.001) better than other treatments. The weekly body weight, body weight gain, feed in-take and feed consumption ratio improved in KiFAY treated birds. The study found an increase in insulin and IGF1 levels (p<0.001) in KiFAY compared with the other treatments. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels in the Treatment 2 were higher than other treatments (p<0.001). The KiFAY supplementation was able to improve performance with associated responses at a hormonal level in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.358-363
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• 2014

Herbs have active components that promote the growth rate of both animals and human. The KI-180 and KI-188 calcium food formulae contain Acanthopanacis cortex, Bombysis corpus and hoelen, seaweed calcium, chlorella extract, spirulina, colostrum powder, and other natural and functional components. We evaluated the growth-promoting effects of these formulae by analyzing the weight, femur and backbone, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) of growing rats. Growing rats administered with KI-180 and KI-188 calcium showed the increase of body weight, body length, and femur weight and length of growing rats. In addition, administration of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium increased the alkaline phosphatase activity, the levels of osteocalcin and the growth hormones IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 of growing rats. The impact of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium on the physical development of growing rats suggests that the incorporation of these food formulae in the diets of growing children may promote the physical development.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

Objectives : Mitochondria are typically known as intracellular double membrane-bound structures that supply energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Also, acupuncture has been known to stimulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities in rat's heart and kidneys, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV were observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 11 groups; Normal (no acupuncture treatment and under anesthesia for 10 min), heart meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 under anesthesia for 10 min), and kidney meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at KI1, KI2, KI3, KI7 and KI10 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the heart and kidneys were examined for the changes of respiratory chain activities. Results : Acupuncture at HT7 increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase; acupuncture at KI2 increased the activity of ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase; and acupuncture at HT9, HT8, HT3 and KI1 increased activities of cytochrome C oxidase. Conclusions : Acupuncture assists mitochondrial repiratory chain activity via the Cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in heart and kidney of rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This paper aims to present a model of obesity and leanness based on eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism of Korean medicine. I analyzed the theory of eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism, yang transforming ki and eum forming the body on Korean medicine, and compared them with energy homeostasis by anabolism and catabolism of modern medicine. In the eum and yang theory, the metabolic process of the human body is dominated by synergism and antagonism between eum force and yang force. When the balance of eum and yang collapses, all the pathological actions of the human body appear, and in the eum and yang metabolic process, an imbalance between yang transforming ki and eum forming the body occurs. The function of yang transforming ki is reduced to ki deficiency, and the function of eum forming the body is increased to blood excess. When blood excess and ki deficiency is given, energy intake increases, energy expenditure decreases, overweight and obesity occur. On the contrary, the function of yang transforming ki is increased to ki excess, and the function of eum forming the body is decreased to blood deficiency. When ki excess and blood deficiency is done, energy intake decreases and energy expenditure increases, the body becomes leanness. When the balance of eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism collapses and becomes blood excess and ki deficiency, overweight and obesity occur, and when ki excess and blood deficiency is done, the body becomes leanness. The energy homeostasis of the human body can be explained by eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism of Korean medicine and it contains the concept of anabolism and catabolism of modern medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.71-86
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• 2008

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Drynariae Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture infusion solution at Umgok($KI_{10}$) on Osteoporotic Rats Induced by Ovariectomy. The author performed several experimental items to analyze cytotoxic, osteoporosis evaluation, change of ALP, osteocalcin, Ca and histological change of tibia. Results : 1. BMD were increased meaningly in DR-HA than control group. 2. ALP was not inhibited by DR-HA, osteocalcin was decreased meaningly in DR-HA. 3. Osteoclast like cell in tibia was increased meaningly in control group, decreased meaningly in DR-HA. 4. In the histological study in tibia, TBV and TBT were significantly increased, GPL was significantly decreased in the DR-HA than control group. Conclusions : From the result above, the results suggest that DR-HA at $KI_{10}$ has significant effect on osteoporosis, and to be put to practical use in the future osteoporosis clinic.