• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical safety and effect with and without additional submucosal midazolam to oral chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine when used for pediatric conscious sedation in a clinical dental environment. Methods: Thirty one cases of pediatric conscious sedations were performed in this study. Selection criteria included good health (ASA I), under 6 years old, 20 kg of body weight, uncooperative behavior and the need for sedation to receive dental treatment including anesthesia and restorative or surgical procedure for at least two teeth. In each visit, patients were randomly assigned into one of two groups; CH group: chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg), hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg), CH-M group: chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg). hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) and submucoal midazolam (0.1 mg/kg). 50% nitrous oxide-oxygen was maintained during the sedation period Sedations were monitored using a pulse oximeter for estimating pulse rate (PR) and percutaneous oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$). Behavior response rated using Houpt's scale and need of restraint was assessed every 2 minutes through 30 minutes of operative procedure reviewing the videotape recording. Evaluation of overall behavior success was performed using modified overall behavior rate of Houpt's scale. Data was analyzed using t-test. Results: PR and $SpO_2$ for both groups remained within the normal values. The mean scores for sleep and movement of CH-M group were higher than those of CH group (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference in mean score for crying between two groups. The mean scores of overall behavior of CH-M group was higher than those of CH group (P < 0.01). Reinstraint of CH-M group was less required than that of CH group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Oral chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) combined with submucosal injection of midazolam was safer and showed more improved sedation effect than oral chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) without midazolam for sedation of pediatric dental patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.525-531
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 식육의 중금속 기준규격 설정을 위하여 다소비 식품인 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리, 햄 및 소시지에 대하여 중금속 함량을 조사하였다. 국내 유통 중 식육 및 식육 가공품 총 466건을 2008년 5월부터 11월까지 구입하고 납, 카드뮴, 비소 및 수은의 함량을 분석하였다. 시료의 분해를 위해 관련 전처리 방법을 비교하여 검증된 중금속 분석법을 찾고자 하였으며, 이를 근거로 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리, 햄 및 소시지 6종류의 시료에 대하여 납, 카드뮴, 비소 및 수은을 모니터링하고 안전성 평가를 위해, 수집된 자료와 식이섭취량으로 JECFA의 주간잠정섭취허용량와 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 전처리법으로 비교한 습식 분해법과 마이크로웨이브법은 회수율이 모두 80% 이상이며 재현성(RSD)은 10% 미만으로 나타났으나 전처리 시간과 조작의 편리성에서 마이크로웨이브법이 나은 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 납, 카드뮴, 비소의 경우 산 혼합액을 사용한 마이크로웨이브법으로 시료를 전처리하여 ICP-MS로 분석하였고, 수은은 수은분석기를 사용하여 직접 분석하였다. 전반적으로 낮게 검출된 원소는 카드뮴과 수은이었으며, 납과 비소는 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 납의 경우 평균함량이 식육은 0.006-0.010 mg/kg이었고, 식육가공품은 0.005-0.009 mg/kg이었다. 카드뮴의 경우 평균함량이 식육은 0.000-0.001 mg/kg이었고, 식육가공품은 0.001-0.002 mg/kg이었다. 비소의 경우 평균함량이 식육은 0.004-0.021 mg/kg이었고, 식육가공품은 0.014-0.018 mg/kg이었다. 그리고 수은 함량은 식육에서 0.710-0.902 ${\mu}g/kg$이었고, 식육가공품은 1.052-1.141 ${\mu}g/kg$이었다. 안전성 평가를 위해 본 연구에서 측정된 모니터링 자료를 이용하여 JECFA(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)의 주간잠정섭취허용량(Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake, PTWI)와 비교하여 노출량을 평가한 결과, 본 사업에서 검출된 중금속 함량은 비교적 안전한 수준으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the anti-tumor and the immunomodulatory effects of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) against cancer. The in vitro anti-tumor effects were evaluated by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity, extension of survival days, the effect of inhibition solid tumor which was induced sarcoma 180, and the changes of body weight were evaluated for in vivo effects of anti-tumor. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Jiawei- citaowan(加未慈桃丸), delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin, hemolysin titers for humoral immune response, rosette forming cells for cell-mediated immune response, natural killer cell activity, proliferation of lymphocyte, productivty of Interleukin-2, and carbon clearance were measured with methotrexate treated mice. The results were as follows; 1. In the case of existence ability of tumor cell, IC50 had an anti-tumor ativity resulted 2.52mg/ml to SNU-C4. 0.41mg/ml to SNU-396, resulted to 0.09mg/mlSNU-1. 2. The groups of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) 10mg/ml, 20mg/kg had no body weight loss. reduction in intake of water and feed, so these had no toxicity. 3. In the case of the effect of extention of existence. the group of 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group was showed 250% in ILS. 4. The effect of inhibition solid tumor was significantly decreased in both 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group S. The groups of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) had significant effect of body weight change compared to control group. 6. Delayed type hypersensitivity was not significant in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 7. Hemagglutinin and Hemolysin titers were significantly increased by dose-dependent. so these results showed that the humoral immume respose was activated. 8. For the effect of rosette formimg cells was not significant in hoth Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 9. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group in the ratio of 100: 1, 50: 1 of effector and target cells, but in the ratio of 10:1, the Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups were not significant. 10. The proliferation of lymphocyte and productivty of Interleukin-2 were significantly increased by dose-dependent in both 10mg/ kg, 20mg/ kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 11. In the phagocytic effect, the 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with control group. According to the results, we can suggest that Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) has the antitumor and the immunomodulatory effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2005

It has been suggested that the elevated plasma homocysteine may lead to retinal dysfunction. We investigated the effects of plasma levels of homocysteine and folate on the retinal glial cells' injuries. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised either on a control diet or on an experimental diet containing 3.0 g/kg homocystine without folic acid for 10 weeks. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured by a HPLC-fluorescence detection method. Plasma folate and vitamin B/sub 12/ levels were analyzed by a radioimmunoassay. The response of Muller cells which are the principal glial cells of the retina was immunohistochemically examined using an antibody for vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein belonging to the family of intermediate filament. At 2 weeks, the homocystine diet induced a twofold increase in plasma homocysteine, and a concomitant increase in the expression of vimentin in the Muller cells' processes spanning from the inner to outer membranes of the retina indicating arterial degeneration. At 10 weeks, the homocystine diet induced a fourfold increase in plasma homocystine, but vimentin immunoreactivity in the retinas was similar in both groups. In conclusion, increased plasma homocysteine levels have influence on morphological and functional changes of Muller cells in the retina. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 96～103, 2005)

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1992

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of stalk position, compound fertilizer application rate (N-P2O5-K2O : 10-10-20 : 75, 100, 125kg/03), paddy and upland soil and varieties, NC82 &KF103, on nonvolatile organic and higher fatty acids of flue-cured tobacco. Followed by stalk position, malic, citric, malonic and succinic acid contents were significantly increased with higher stalk position, but oleic and linoleic acid contents were decreased with higher stalk position. The higher application rate of compound fertilizer results in increasing citric, malic, malonic and succinic acid contents, but the contents of higher fatty acids were not significantly influenced by fertilizer application rate. The cured leaf cultivated in paddy soil was higher citric and malic acid contents than in upland soil, but the contents of higher fatty acids have no difference between paddy and upland soil. The variety of KF103 was higher citric and linoleic acid contents than that of NC82, but the contents of higher fatty acids have no difference between varieties.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 성장중(成長中)인 수퇘지에 있어서 혈청중(血淸中) LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, GOT 및 GPT의 농도(濃度)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 출생시(出生時)부터 130kg까지 체중단계별(體重段階別)로 실시(實施)하였는 바, 공시돈(供時豚)으로는 6두(頭)의 삼원교잡종(三元交雜種) 수퇘지를 사용(使用)하였다. 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時)부터 130kg까지 2.89~4.25mIU/ml의 범위(範圍)를 나타내었다. FSH의 농도(濃度)는 1.25mIU/ml이하(以下)로 분석한계수준(分析限界水準) 이하(以下)였다. 2. 혈청(血淸) prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 8.05ng/ml로 제일 높은 수준(水準)을 나타내었으며, 15kg부터 50kg까지는 3.07~4.25ng/ml의 범위(範圍)로 급격히 감소(減少)하였다. 70kg부터는 7.30ng/ml로 다시 증가(增加)했다가 110kg부터 다시 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이였다. 3. 혈청(血淸) testosterone의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 0.42ng/ml, 15kg부터 30kg까지 0.11~0.09ng/ml, 그리고 15ng/ml 50kg부터 1.15ng/ml로 증가(增加)하여 거의 일정(一定)한 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. 4. 혈청(血淸) GOT의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 130.75 karmen units/ml, 15kg부터 70kg까지 58.56~65.25karmen units/ml, 그리고 90kg부터 83.60 karmen units/ml로 점차 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 혈청(血淸) GOT의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 63.25 karmen units/ml, 15kg부터 70kg까지 27.25~30.75 karmen units/ml, 그리고 90kg부터 41.62 karmen units/ml로 점차 증가(增加)하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

Vg은 난생 척추동물의 성숙한 암컷 혈청에 존재하는 성 특이 단백질로서 $E_2$에 의해 합성이 유도된다. 본 연구는 뱀장어 Vg과 ER 유전자 발현에 대한 androgen과 성장호르몬(GH)의 영향을 조사하였다. 미성숙 뱀장어($200{\sim}250g$)에 $E_2(5{\sim}5,000\;{\mu}g/kg\;bw)$, 뱀장어 recombinant GH(eGH, $1{\sim}10\;{\mu}g/kg$) 또는 methyltestosterone(MT, $1{\sim}5\;mg/kg$)를 각각 단독 또는 eGH 또는 MT와 혼합하여 주사한 후 10일 후에 샘플을 채취하였다. 간 ER과 Vg mRNA는 RT-PCR을 이용하여 분석하였다. $E_2$에 의해 발현된 Vg 유전자는 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. $E_2(500\;{\mu}g/kg)+MT(5mg/kg)$ 또는 $E_2(500\;{\mu}g/kg)+eGH(10\;{\mu}g/kg)$의 처리는 각각 $E_2$ 단독처리에 비해 높은 Vg mRNA의 발현을 유도하였다. eGH($10\;{\mu}g/kg$) 또는 MT(5mg/kg) 단독 처리는 Vg mRNA 발현을 유도하지 못했다. 한편 ER mRNA의 발현은 호르몬 처리에 관계없이 관찰되었다. Vg mRNA와 마찬가지로 ER mRNA의 발현도 $E_2(5{\sim}500\;{\mu}g/kg\;bw)$ 처리에 의해 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 경향이 있었으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. $E_2(500\;{\mu}g/kg)$와 MT(5mg/kg) 또는 eGH($10\;{\mu}g/kg$)의 혼합투여 또한 $E_2$에 의해 유도된 ER mRNA 발현을 증가시키지 못했다. 결론적으로 Vg 유전자 발현에 있어서 $E_2$는 없어서는 안 되는 필수요소이지만 $E_2$ 자체만으로는 충분한 Vg 유전자를 발현하지 못하고 GH 또는 웅성호르몬 등의 도움이 필요하다. 또한 MT 또는 GH는 ER 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치지 못하며 다른 경로를 통해 Vg 유전자 발현에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-172
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• 2013

The pyrimidine nucleoside uridine has recently been reported to have a protective effect on cultured human corneal epithelial cells, in an animal model of dry eye and in patients. In this study, we investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of uridine in rabbits, following topical ocular (8 mg/eye), oral (450 mg/kg) and intravenous (100 mg/kg) administration. Blood and urine samples were serially taken, and uridine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. No symptoms were noted in the animals after uridine treatment. Uridine was not detected in either plasma or urine after topical ocular administration, indicating no systemic exposure to uridine with this treatment route. Following a single intravenous dose, the plasma concentration of uridine showed a bi-exponential decay, with a rapid decline over 10 min, followed by a slow decay with a terminal half-life of $0.36{\pm}0.05$ h. Clearance and volume of distribution were $1.8{\pm}0.6$ L/h/kg and $0.58{\pm}0.32$ L/kg, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) was $59.7{\pm}18.2{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$, and urinary excretion up to 12 hr was ~7.7% of the dose. Plasma uridine reached a peak of $25.8{\pm}4.1{\mu}g/ml$ at $2.3{\pm}0.8$ hr after oral administration. The AUC was $79.0{\pm}13.9{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$, representing ~29.4% of absolute bioavailability. About 1% of the oral dose was excreted in the urine. These results should prove useful in the design of future clinical and nonclinical studies conducted with uridine.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

본 연구는 메밀 알곡에 비해 유효성분이 많음에도 불구하고 식품학적 가치가 떨어져 폐기되고 있는 메밀껍질을 기능성 식품소재로 활용하기 위해 메밀껍질을 효소로 분해하여 수용성 식품섬유를 생산하고자 하였다. 메밀껍질을 효소를 이용하여 72시간 분해하여 수용성 식품섬유의 수율을 측정한 결과, 72시간 효소분해 후 셀룰로스 및 헤미셀룰로스 분획으로부터 얻은 수용성 식품섬유는 각각 60.5 g/kg, 123.7 g/kg이었으며, 총 수용성 식품섬유의 수율은 129.8 g/kg이었다. 겔 크로마토그래피에 의한 수용성 식품섬유의 분자량 추이를 측정한 결과, 분해 시간이 증가함에 따라 저분자의 피크가 크게 증가하여 효소 반응 시간이 증가할수록 분해가 진행되었다. 효소분해되지 않은 메밀껍질의 수용성 식품섬유에 비해 효소분해에 의해 생산된 식품섬유소의 산화방지 활성이 높게 나타났으며, 대조군에 비해 높은 포도당 및 담즙산 흡수 지연효과를 보였다. 따라서 메밀껍질로부터 생산된 수용성 식품섬유소는 산화방지를 비롯한 포도당 및 콜레스테롤의 흡수저하 효과를 가진 건강기능식품 소재로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Sericulturists in the vicinity of Bangalore city irrigate their mulberry gardens with Vrishabhavathy stream water, which is polluted with domestic and industrial wastes from the city. To investigate the effect of pollutants on silkworm crops, a detailed field survey was conducted to study the cocoon yield pattern of the crops raised on mulberry irrigated with wastewater as against irrigation by bore/open wells. The villages along the stream were grouped into five test batches at about a distance of $5{\sim}8$ km from each other. The seasonal yield data with relevant information were collected through questionnaires from 117 rearers using stream water and 35 rearers using bore/open wells, the latter serving as control group. The average yield for 100 layings was 46 to 57 kg in the control group whereas in test groups, it ranged between 34 to 51 kg in the first test group and 22 to 38 kg in the rest. The difference in yield was $9{\sim}19$ kg depending on the season between control and test batches. In summer, this difference was higher, with high co-efficient of variation in test groups ($33{\sim}52$%). Further, water, soil and leaf samples were collected from selected rearers and were analyzed for zinc, copper, iron, lead and nickel. Results indicated significantly higher contents of these metals in samples from gardens using wastewater when compared control samples. Significantly (p<0.05 & p<0.01)) higher levels of zinc ($24{\sim}122$ ppm) and iron ($208{\sim}683$ ppm) were noticed in mulberry leaves during summer followed by winter and rainy season. The significance of high content of heavy metals in mulberry leaves and cocoon yield pattern of this area in relation to the quality of irrigation water is discussed.