• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1984

This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of nonpoint pollutant discharges and concentrations in runoff from the urban and agricultural areas in Korea. The analytical parameters used for this study were COD, BOD and SS. This study was conducted during the period from May to August 1981. Nonpoint pollutant mass loadings from the urban area were influenced by the rainfall intensity and the duration of rainfall, and etc. The concentrations of pollutants in the first flush was higher as the discharges increased. It was, however, found that the concentrations of pollutants in the heavy storm runoff were decreased due to the dilution effect. When other rainfall followed a peak rainfall, the concentrations of pollutants were lower than expected, because the first flush conveyed the most of pollutants deposited on the combined sewers. However the concentrations were increased in proportion to the increased flow when a rainfall of higher intensity than the first flush was continued. Yearly area yield rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 690.5(489.9~1,328) of COD, 319.7(226.8~614.8) of BOD, and 831.2(589.7~1,598) of SS. Pollutant sources in agricultural area were of the domestic waste water, manure composting stack, and agricultural solid wastes and etc. In the paddy field, yearly area yield rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 623.4(21.7~114) of COD, 18.65(9.53~34.5) of BOD, and 91.9(46.3~171.8) of SS. In the crop land, however, yearly rates in kg/ha were estimated to be 91.9(46.3~171.8) of COD, 23.09(11.7~42.5) of BOD, and 23.09(11.4~43.4) of SS. Pollutant sources in the feedlot area were originating from the feces of cattle, the cleaning water, the wastes spilled from manure composting stack during rain. Yearly area yield rate in kg/ha was estimated to be 3.804(2,489~6,658) of COD, 2.047(464~2,900) of BOD, and 1.149 (729~1,442) of SS. Pollutant discharges in the forest area were resulted from the organic layer like leaves and others deposited on the surface. Yearly area yield rate in kg/ha was estimated to be 9.86(5.45~18.56) of COD, 3.48(1.67~7.54) of BOD, and 4.64(9.74~10.35) of SS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1985

Field experiments were conducted in Suwon in 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the effects of compost application, nitrogen (N) rate and split application of N on growth, yield and N uptake of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) grown under clear polyethylene mulching condition. Urea was banded at N rates of 0 (only in 1983), 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg per 10a with or without compost application of 1500 kg per 10a at planting. In 1982, half of N was sidedressed at the 5-6 leaf stage in case of 15, and 20 kg N per 10a. Compost application increased ear size and ear weight per 10a (10%). The number of ears per 10a markedly increased with an increase in N rates up to 10 kg per 10a but was not significantly affected by further increased N rates. Ear weight per 10a increased linearly as N rate increased from 0 to 20 kg per 10a without compost but increased greatly up to 10 kg N per 10a with compost application. Dry matter yield increased greatly up to 15, 10 kg N per 10a with and without compost application, respectively. Nitrogen uptake increased linearly from 8.1 to 18.8 kg per 10a with an increase in N rates from 0 to 20 kg per 10a. The optimum N rate appeared to be 10 to 15 kg per 10a based on ear number, ear weight and dry weight per 10a. There was no significant difference between basal and split applications of N in terms of ear size, and number and weight of ears per 10a.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2011

This study was performed to acquire processing and reducing factors of difenoconazole during ginseng processing, and to establish the maximum residue limits of ginseng and its commodities. Difenoconazole was used in two fields (Wonju and Icheon) containing 6 year old ginseng plants. The amount of residue at Wonju and Icheon were

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1166-1173
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• 2010

Sixteen Mediterranean pluriparous buffaloes were subdivided into two uniform groups of eight animals. The average weight of the two groups at the start of the trial was 671.2 and 656.7 kg. The number of days from calving were 33.4 and 33.3, and the average milk production was 12.73 and 12.33 kg/d. The trial lasted for 114 days, and was divided into two sub-periods of 58 and 56 days. The two diets, administered ad libitum, had the same forage/concentrate ratio (53/47) but in their formulation the percentage of the two forages varied. Diet 1: alfalfa hay = 10%, maize silage = 43%, concentrate 1 = 47% (6.63 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 179.5 g/kg DM of crude protein). Diet 2: alfalfa hay = 20%, maize silage = 33%, concentrate 2 = 47%, (5.99 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 155.4 g/kg DM of crude protein). For the overall trial period (33-146 days in milk), the intake of dry matter was 17.23 kg/d for Group 1 and 17.29 kg/d for Group 2 and corresponded to 2.50 and 2.58% (p<0.01) of live weight. There was no significant difference between the average weight (689.7 and 669.4 kg) and the body condition score (6.49 and 6.42) of the two groups of buffaloes. Group 1 produced a greater quantity of milk (11.89 vs. 10.90 kg/d, p<0.10) of better quality both for its higher fat content (82.32 vs. 77.29 g/kg, p<0.10) and its protein content (47.36 and 46.38 g/kg). The milk produced by the buffaloes receiving Diet 1 had a better clotting ability, lower values of r (15.98 and 16.42 min) and K20 (1.66 and 1.75 min) and a higher value of A30 (54.45 and 52.73 mm). Taking into consideration the two sub-periods, milk production was significantly different only in the first sub-period (33-90 DIM), in favour of Group 1 (13.08 vs. 11.56 kg/d, p<0.05), while the positive effect of Diet 1 was cancelled out (10.71 and 10.24 kg/d) in the second part of the trial (91-146 DIM).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1996

This survey was conducted to investigate the chemical properties of soils cultivated medicinal plants. The soils were collected at 254 sites(Angelica gigas : 81, Astragalus membranceus : 38, Platycodn glandiflorum : 36, Paeonia albiflora : 34, Codonopsis lanoceolata : 32, Ligusticum chuanxiong : 17. Bupleurum falcatum : 16, respectively) throughout the country by 0-15cm depth. The chemical properties of soils were pH 5.6, O.M 3.0%. Av.$P_2O_5$ : 405 mg/kg, Ex.K : $0.67cmol^+/kg$, Ex.Ca : $6.3cmol^+/kg$, Ex.mg : $1.6cmol^+/kg$. The percentage distribution of pH on the basis of soil sample numbers were much more at the 5.1-6.0 range than any other ranges, especially those of below pH 6.0 were 83-91% for Angelica gigas, Platycodn glandiflorum and Codonopsis lanoceolata. The distribution of OM and Av.$P_2O_5$ in soils were much at the 2.1-4.0% and above 500mg/kg ranges, respectively. And the content of those in soils cultivated with Platycodn glandiflorum were lower than any other medicinal plants. The distribution of exchangeable cations in soils were much at the 0.2-0.8, 2.1-4.0 and $0.5-2.0cmol^+/kg$ of Ex.K. Ca and mg. respectively, and the contents were higher in soils cultivated Astragalus membranceus. and lower in soils cultivated Platycodn glandiflorum and Codonopsis lanoceolata than any other samples.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1969

Discussions on the adequacy of present level of supply of fertilizers on the basis of the results obtained from experiments conducted on farmers' fields. 1. No differences have been found between present supply and optimum doses of nitrogen and phosphorus for rice except potash of which present amount of supply is 2.26kg/10a which is lower than the optimum dose by 1.90kg/10a. About 1.2% increase in the yield of paddy may be expected by increasing the level of potash to 4.2kg/10a. 2. Increasing the present supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash by 3.4, 4.7 and 3.3kg/10a, respectively for barley is required in order to increase its yield by 8.6%. 3. About 17% increase in the yield of wheat may be expected by increasing the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash by 3.4, 3.9 and 6.4kg/10a. 4. An additional quantity of 7.5kg/10a of nitrogen, 6.4kg/10a of phosphorus and 7.5kg of potash on corn may incrase its yield by 45% 5. 8% increase in the yield of sweet-potato is expected when 3.8, 1.8 and 15.1kg/10a of additional nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, respecitvely is applied to the crop. 6. 21% increase in the yield of potato may arise with 0.6, 3.3 and 3.6kg/10a additional nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, respectively. 7. 15% increase in the yield of soybean may result with the application of 2.8, 1.9 and 2.9kg/10a additional nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, respectively. 8. The present quantity of fertilizer supply, it is necessary hereafter to supply fertilizer with attentions on such crops as corn, sweet-potato and white-potato etc. Needs to be revised in view of such crops as corn, sweet-potato and white-potato.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.357-371
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• 2017

In this study we evaluated the availability of hairy vetch in citrus (Citrus unshiu Marc.) orchards of volcanic ash soils. The responses to increasing seeding rates and various growing conditions such as altitude, accumulated temperature, and soil chemical properties etc, were analyzed by means of the seedling establishment rate, weed occurrence ratio, and shoot biomass yield of hairy vetch. Field experiments were conducted at five citrus orchards by altitude from Sep. 2015 to Apr. 2016 in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Hairy vetch used in the study was 'Cheongpyungbora', developed by National Institute of Crop Science. Seeding rates of hairy vetch consisted of 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Results showed that the seedling establishment rates of hairy vetch were quite similar regardless of seeding rates in all fields and weed occurrence ratio at 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates were 11.8, 3.8, and 5.1% (dry wt.), respectively. Both 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates, the weed occurrences were decreased by 96.2% and 94.9%. The nitrogen production of hairy vetch at 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates were 254, 316, and $315kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively. Both 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates, The nitrogen production were increased by 24%, compared to $30kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rate. In these results we were considered that the cost-efficient seeding rate of vetch was $60kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in citrus orchards. Also, this study showed that the shoot biomass of hairy vetch and various cultivative factors were related and The nitrogen production of hairy vetch had a little bit of positive correlation (R=0.2714) with accumulated temperature and considerable correlations with some items (EC ($R=0.4520^{**}$) and exchangeable K ($R=0.4078^{**}$)) of soil chemical properties. Therefore, we were considered that hairy vetch can be used as a leguminous cover crop in citrus orchards, the calculation formula (Y=4.4097X + 33.594 (R=0.9547)) can be suggested for nitrogen yield of hairy vetch by using the shoot fresh weight (X).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.199-199
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• 1996

급성 간질환모델에 대한 인진호 추출분획의 간장 약효검색, 방법 1. $CCl_4$ 간장해 : SD계 수컷 흰쥐에 $CCl_4$와 olive oil 혼합액(1:4v/v%)을 체중100g당 0.2$m\ell$씩 복강내 투여하였으며, 시험약물은 $CCl_4$ 혼합액 투여 4시간전 및 6시간후에 경구로 2회 투여하였다. 48시간후에 부검하여 혈청을 얻어 간기능검사 항목인 ALT 및 AST 활성을 측정하였다. 2. D-Galactosamine 간염 : SD계 수컷 흰쥐에 D-GalactosamineㆍHCl을 650mg/kg씩 복강내 투여하였으며, 시험약물은 $CCl_4$ 간장해시험과 동일하게 2회 경구투여하였다. D-Galactosamine 투여 24시간 후에 부검하여 혈청을 얻어 간기능검사 항목인 ALT 및 AST 활성을 측정하였다. 3. 담즙울체모델 : SD계 수컷 흰쥐에 ANIT 100mg을 olive oil 1$m\ell$에 현탁시켜 80$m\ell$/kg b.wt. 용량으로 1회 경구투여하였으며, 시험약물은 ANIT 투여전 2시간, 투여 후 6, 22, 28시간 간격으로 4회 경구투여하였다. ANIT 투여 47시간 후에 1시간 동안 담즙을 채취하였고, ANIT 투여 48시간째 채혈하여 혈청내 총빌리루빈치를 측정하였으며 담즙배출량, 담즙중 담즙산량도 측정하였다. 4. 약물투여 음성대조 : 1% CMC-Na 용액(10$m\ell$/kg b.wt.) 양성대조 : Silymarin(25mg/kg), UDCA(25mg/kg), DDB(37.5mg/kg) 인진호추출분획 : 인진호 원료의 수침액인 BE분획의 수득률을 기준으로 하여, KP(180mg/kg), PS-1 및 PS-2(300mg/kg), EE(500mg/kg), HH(640mg/kg), BE(1500mg/kg)

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.53
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

This study was peformed to survey and evaluate contents of Pb and Cd in colored plastic kitchenwares by Korea Food Sanitation Act. The tested samples were 160 products(32 PE, 65 PP, 10 PS, 18 ABS and 35 MF) in a local market. The Pb and Cd contents range in the samples were $ND\~357.1mg/kg\;and\;ND\~376.6mg/kg$. Pb contents in 6 samples(1 PE, 1 PP, 2 PS and 2 MF) and Cd contents of 2 samples(1 PE and 1 ABS) were above the legal limits. Among the illegal smples, Pb contents were 140.8mg/kg, 283.4mg/kg, 134.0mg/kg, 329.2mg/kg, 357.1mg/kg and 218.3mg/kg, respectively and Cd contents were 123.1mg/kg and 376.6mg/kg. Pb and Cd in various food simulants were not detected in migration test for illegal samples. Simulants were tested at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;60^{\circ}C$ for n-heptane and $4\%$ acetic acid, and $60^{\circ}C\;and\;95^{\circ}C$ for water.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1978

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ethanol extracts of acorn (QAEE) on arterial blood Pressure and respiration, to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of QAEE,. add to determine lethal dosages of QAEE in rabbits and dogs. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After administration of 20 mg/Kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg of QAEE into rabbits the maximum depressor responses observed were respectively $16.3{\pm}1.4\;mmHg$, $28.7{\pm}2.0\;mmHg$ and $45.6{\pm}3.1\;mmHg$, while mean depressor responses following administration of 40mg/kg, 60mg/kg and 80mg/kg of QAEE into dogs were $32.2{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$, $39.5{\pm}1.5\;mmHg$, and $47.0{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$ respectively 2) Genenally depressor responses increased in proportion to dosage of QAEE administered whereas at same dosage of QAEE depressor responses were greater in rabbit than in dog. 3) It is suggested that depressor activity of QAEE resides mostly in its activity to activate vagus nerves and partly in Its activity to block beta-rceptors. 4) The lethal dosages of QAEE were 50 mg/kg to 60mg/kg for rabbi hue 90mg/kg to 100 mg/kg for dogs. 5) After QAEE administration respiratory rates were generally increased in the rabbit and the dog.