• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2015

We applied KF on CIGS film to modify CIGS surface with a wider-bandgap surface layer. With the KF deposition the surface of CIGS film had fine particle on the CIGS surface at 350 and $300^{\circ}C$. No fine particle was detected at 500 and $250^{\circ}C$. With the KF treatment, the Ga and O content increased at the surface, while the In and Cu content decreased. The valence band maximum was lowered with KF treatment. The composition profile and band structure were positive side of applying KF on the CIGS surface. However, the efficiency decreased with the KF treatment due to high series resistance, probably due to too thick surface layer. A smaller amount of KF should be supplied and more systematic analysis is necessary to obtain a reproducible higher efficiency CIGS solar cells.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2016

길이가 다른 두 종류의 케나프 섬유(kenaf fiber, KF)가 적용된 고밀도폴리에틸렌(high density polyethylene, HDPE)/KF 복합체를 이축압출기를 이용하여 제조하였다. HDPE/KF 복합체의 발포를 위해 열팽창성 마이크로캡슐(thermal expandable microcapsule, EMC)이 이용되었다. 0.3과 3 mm 길이의 KF가 사용되었고, KF와 EMC의 함량은 각각 20 wt%와 5 wt%로 고정하였다. 화학처리된 KF의 FT-IR 결과 1700과 $1300cm^{-1}$ 근처에서의 피크 감소를 보여주는데, 이는 KF 성분 중 리그닌과 헤미셀룰로오스가 감소되기 때문으로 유추할 수 있다. 발포비중, 인장특성을 평가할 때 3 mm 섬유를 사용한 복합체의 물성이 양호하게 나타났지만, 섬유의 길이가 길수록 열분해에 의한 외관 불량 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있어 산업적 응용에 따라 적절한 섬유 길이의 선택이 요구된다. 화학 처리한 0.3 mm KF가 사용된 복합체의 인장강도가 소폭 증가하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

The high efficiency cell research processes through the KF post deposition treatment (PDT) of the $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2(CIGS)$ thin film has been very actively progress. In this study, it CIGS thin film deposition process when KF PDT 300 to the processing temperature, 350, $400^{\circ}C$ changed to soda-lime glass (SLG) efficiency of the CIGS thin film characteristics, and solar cell according to Na presence of diffusion from the substrate the effects were analyzed. As a result, the lower the temperature of KF PDT and serves to interrupt the flow of current K-CIGS layer is not removed from the reaction surface, FF and photocurrent is decreased significantly. Blocking of the Na diffusion from the glass substrate is significantly increased while the optical voltage, photocurrent and FF is a low temperature (300, $350^{\circ}C$) in the greatly reduced, and in $400^{\circ}C$ tend to reduce fine. It is the presence of Na in CIGS thin film by electron-induced degradation of the microstructure of CIGS thin film is expected to have a significant impact on increasing the hole recombination rate a reaction layer is formed of the K elements in the CIGS thin film surface.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2017

Oxide layers were formed by an environmentally friendly plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on AZ91 Mg alloy. PEO treatment also resulted in strong adhesion between the oxide layer and the substrate. The influence of the KF electrolytic solution and the structure, composition, microstructure, and micro-hardness properties of the oxide layer were investigated. It was found that the addition of KF instead of KOH to the $Na_2SiO_3$ electrolytic solution increased the electrical conductivity. The oxide layers were mainly composed of MgO and $Mg_2SiO_4$ phases. The oxide layers exhibited solidification particles and pancake-shaped oxide melting. The pore size and surface roughness of the oxide layer decreased considerably with an increase in the concentration of KF, while densification of the oxide layers increased. It is shown that the addition of KF to the basis electrolyte resulted in fabricating of an oxide layer with higher surface hardness and smoother surface roughness on Mg alloys by the PEO process. The uniform thickness of the oxide layer formed on the Mg alloy substrates was largely determined by the electrolytic solution with KF, which suggests that the composition of the electrolytic solution is one of the key factors controlling the uniform thickness of the oxide layer.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 발아력향상을 위해 담배품종 Nicotiana tabacum cv. KF109와 cv. KB108 종자에 종자전처리방법 중 하나인 solid matrix priming (SMP)처리를 하여 전처리효과를 알아보고 전처리과정 중 담배종자 발아시 에너지원으로 사용되는 지방산의 함량 변화를 조사한 결과 아래와 같다. 1. 발아시험결과 전처리에 의한 처리간 발아율 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 발아세, T50은 KF109의 경우 9일처리, KB108의 경우 7일처리에서 가장 높았다. 2. 종자내 지방산을 분석한 결과 처리기간동안 함량의 변화가 큰 지방산의 종류는 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid, $\alpha-linolenic$ acid였다. 3. 지방산 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있으나 각 지방산의 함량은 KF109의 경우 8일 또는 9일에서, KB108의 경우 6일 또는 7일까지 증가하였가 이후 감소하였다. 4. 특히 지방산 중 oleic acid+elaidic acid와 linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid 함량의 변화가 가장 컸으며 다른 지방산에 비하여 함량도 높았는데 KF109와 KB108품종의 경우 8일과 6일처리까지 각각 증가하여 최고에 이른 후 급격히 감소하는 결과를 보여 종자전처리 진행과정을 확인하는 데에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2018

In this study, CIGS absorber layers were deposited on low-alkali glass and sodalime glass substrates and potasium floride (KF) of various thicknesses was supplied at an elevated temperature after the CIGS growth. The effect of KF post-deposition treatment on the two types of substrates was extremely different. On the low-alkali substrate, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) was improved but the fill-factor (FF) degradation was severe, whereas the sodalime substrate showed Voc deterioration and FF improvement. In the case of supplying 20 nm of KF on both substrates, the efficiency gain of 0.3~1.1%p was obtained. With increasing the KF thickness, a small protrusion-like microstructure developed on the surface of the absorber layer, and the microstructures that were not removed in the subsequent process were found to be the main cause of the FF loss.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2015

To investigate the memory-enhancing effect of lactic acid bacteria, we selected the probiotic mixture KF, which consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 and Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 (1 × 10¹¹ CFU/g of each strain), and investigated its antilipidemic and memoryenhancing effects in aged Fischer 344 rats. KF (1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/rat/day), which was administered orally once a day (6 days per week) for 8 weeks, significantly inhibited age-dependent increases of blood triglyceride and reductions of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). KF restored agereduced spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze task to 94.4% of that seen in young rats (p < 0.05). KF treatment slightly, but not significantly, shortened the escape latency daily for 4 days. Oral administration of KF restored age-suppressed doublecortin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in aged rats. Orally administered KF suppressed the expression of p16, p53, and cyclooxygenase-2, the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, and the activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus of the brain. These findings suggest that KF may ameliorate age-dependent memory deficit and lipidemia by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2010

본 시험은 착즙부산물 발효사료가 육성돈의 영양소 소화율, 분뇨 배설량 그리고 질소 균형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 삼원교잡종 24두(개시체중 46.79 kg)를 공시하여 10일간의 적응기를 거쳐 7 일간 대사 케이지 ($0.5{\times}1.3m$)에서 소화시험을 수행하였다. 처리구는 1) 기초사료 (CON), 2) 발효사료(기초사료를 발효한 사료, F), 3) 케일박 발효사료 (KF), 4) 신선초박 발효사료 (AF), 5) 당근박 발효사료 (CF) 빛 6) 포도박 발효사료(GF)로 하여 총 6개 처리이었으며 처리당 4반복으로 하였다. 시험기간 동안 건물 소화율은 대조구, F, CF 처려구가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 조단백질소화율은 F 처리구가 AF 및 GF 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았고 (p<0.05), 조섬유 소화율은 GF 처리구가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 낮았다 (p<0.05). 조지방 소화율에서는 AF 및 CF 처리구가 KF를 제외한 처리구들보다 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 조회분 소화율은 CF 처리구가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 반면 칼숨과 인 소화율에서는 CF 및 GF 처리구가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 에너지 소화율에서는 대조구, F 및 CF 처리구가 KF, AF 및 GF 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 총 필수아미노산 소화율에서는 F 처리구가 AF, CF 및 GF 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), 비필수아미노산의 평균 소화율에서는 F 처리구가 AF, CF 및 GF 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 총 아미노산의 평균 소화율에서는 F 처리구가 AF 및 CF 처리구보다 높았으며 (p<0.05), GF 처리구가 가장 낮았다 (p<0.05). 분으로 배설된 질소 비율은 GF 처리구가 다른 처리구들보다 높았고(p<0.05), F 처리구가 낮았다 (p<0.05). 뇨로 배설된 질소 비율에서는 대조구와 GF 처리구가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 질소 축적비율에서는 대조구가 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), KF 처리구가 가장 낮았다 (p<0.05). 결론적으로 일반배합사료보다 착즙부산물 발효사료의 소화율이 감소하였는데 이것은 사료에 혼합된 착즙부산물 수준 30%가 높은 수준인 것으로 판단되어 추후 섬유소 수준을 낮추어 시험을 수행할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 특히, 포도박 발효사료 처리구에서 분 배설량이 많은 이유는 포도박 발효사료의 섬유소 함량이 대조구 및 발효사료 보다 높고 다른 착즙부산물에 비하여 소화되지 않는 포도씨가 다량 배설되었기 때문인 것 같다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the inhalation resistance(IR) and fiber structure of disposable masks when exposed to repeated heating and ultraviolet(UV) sterilization. The experiments consisted of a lab-scale and a field test. For the lab-scale test, KF94 and N95 masks were selected and a trial was composed of three repetitions of an 80-min sterilization. For the field test, a subject participated over four days, of which a KF94 was worn without sterilization, and the same trial was conducted during the next four days with daily sterilization. The results showed that the IR of the KF94 mask(9.5 Pa) gradually increased according to the sterilization up to the second repetition(15.6 Pa) but decreased at the third treatment(9.7 Pa). However, the N95 mask did not showany tendency of IR during the repetitions. Microscope photos showed several warped or blackened fibers in the stiffener layer after the repeated sterilization. After wearing a KF94 mask for four consecutive days, its IR decreased until the three days but increased the fourth day, whereas another KF94 mask with sterilization showed an increase in IR for the four days. In the microscope-photos after the consecutive four days, outside fibers and stiffener layers were warped or became less dense. In summary, the IR of the KF94 mask slightly increased through the three~four rounds of heating and UV sterilizations, but the fiber structures were not significantly deformed by the repeated sterilization. To reduce discarded mask waste, the repeated sterilization of masks can be recommended.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2003

In this work, Rayon-based activated carbon fiber(KF-1500) was treated by HN $O_3$ and $H_2$S $O_4$ with different conditions. Specific surface areas(SSA, $S_{BET}$) of the treated activated carbon fibers were decreased by acidic treatment but, total surface acidities and surface functional groups were increased. In spite of the decrease of SSA, propylamin(PPA) adsorption and removal ability by activated carbon fiber(ACF) were increased by nitric acid treatment compared with the raw-ACF(KF-1500) and coconut based activated carbon. However, acidic treated activated carbon fibers were available to removal for various amines and contaminants by adsorption.n.