• Title/Summary/Keyword: KAM

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Key Account Management: Towards a Multidimensional Definition

  • Ahmmed, Kawsar;Noor, Nor Azila Mohd.
    • Asian Journal of Business Environment
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.5-13
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this paper is to propose an integrative definition of key account management (KAM) at the organizational level through a content analysis of the existing definitions of KAM available in the business literatures. A representative pool of definitions of key account management was generated through literature review from twenty three journals that covers the divergence of name variety like global account management, strategic account management, national account management, international key account management, key client management, major account management, key customers management and key account management. Relating to the definition of key account management various attributes are identified through content analysis and according to the relevance, profile for each attributes are developed. On the basis of these attributes a diagrammatic and textual definition is proposed that covers the different standpoints and aspects of key account management approach and captures its essence as well. Eventually, several strategic implications are derived that create the field for further empirical investigation.

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Gene Cloning and Characterization of MdeA, a Novel Multidrug Efflux Pump in Streptococcus mutans

  • Kim, Do Kyun;Kim, Kyoung Hoon;Cho, Eun Ji;Joo, Seoung-Je;Chung, Jung-Min;Son, Byoung Yil;Yum, Jong Hwa;Kim, Young-Man;Kwon, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Byung-Woo;Kim, Tae Hoon;Lee, Eun-Woo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.430-435
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    • 2013
  • Multidrug resistance, especially multidrug efflux mechanisms that extrude structurally unrelated cytotoxic compounds from the cell by multidrug transporters, is a serious problem and one of the main reasons for the failure of therapeutic treatment of infections by pathogenic microorganisms as well as of cancer cells. Streptococcus mutans is considered one of the primary causative agents of dental caries and periodontal disease, which comprise the most common oral diseases. A fragment of chromosomal DNA from S. mutans KCTC3065 was cloned using Escherichia coli KAM32 as host cells lacking major multidrug efflux pumps. Although E. coli KAM32 cells were very sensitive to many antimicrobial agents, the transformed cells harboring a recombinant plasmid became resistant to several structurally unrelated antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline, kanamycin, rhodamin 6G, ampicillin, acriflavine, ethidium bromide, and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride. This suggested that the cloned DNA fragment carries a gene encoding a multidrug efflux pump. Among 49 of the multidrug-resistant transformants, we report the functional gene cloning and characterization of the function of one multidrug efflux pump, namely MdeA from S. mutans, which was expressed in E. coli KAM32. Judging from the structural and biochemical properties, we concluded that MdeA is the first cloned and characterized multidrug efflux pump using the proton motive force as the energy for efflux drugs.

A Study on Architectural Decorative Design of the Silla Buddhist Reliquaries in the $7{\sim}8th$ Centuries (7.8세기 신라 사리장엄에 표현된 건축의장 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Tae
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.3-11
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    • 2007
  • We study, in this paper, on the decorative design of the Treasure-architectural form for the Silla Buddhist reliquary and this research went through the observation on the Buddhist Reliquaries of the Song-Lim-Sa, the Eastern-Western three floor pagodas in the Kam-Eun-Sa, the three floor pagodas in the Bul-Guk-Sa and the reportedly discovered Nam-Won. The Buddhist reliquaries of these 5 Reliquaries, when compared with those of China and Japan in the same period, they worshiped the Buddhist reliquary as a Buddhist God itself and put them as a part of the architectural decoration, being installed in the construction forms. In the form and the composition of the architecture, we can see those having been designed with very detailed and brightly decorated form. The Buddhist reliquaries in the Song-Lim-Sa and Kam-Eun-Sa, the most important ones in this research, were in a royal palace shape having completely the altar part, interior space part, and the ceiling part, which inform us the whole structure of the architecture in details. In particular, for the case of Kam-Eun-Sa, the columns in the shape of bamboo trees, the expression of the gates, the terrace of double parts formed of word-shape Man, and the statue of a general with superhuman ability in the shrine explain us the description of the Gyun-Bo-Tap-Pum of Lotus Sutra. After all these researches, we conclude that the Buddhist reliquaries in form of the Treasure-architecture represented the architectural style of the same period as a form of industrial arts and we can see that they tried to use all of their highly skilled and talented methods to describe the Buddhist Pure Land.

A Study of Error Correction in Words Used in Chinese Novel Kam Pin Mui Presented in the Great Chinese-Korean Dictionary (『한한대사전(漢韓大辭典)』에 보이는 『금병매사화(金瓶梅詞話)』 관련 어휘 오류연구(誤謬硏究))

  • Choi, Tae-hoon
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.29
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    • pp.287-314
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    • 2012
  • This article examines the problems with some words used in "Chinese novel Kam Pin Mui"that are presented in"the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary". The author analyses the problems into three aspects: first, error correction in meaning interpretation; second, supplementary correction in meaning interpretation; and third, additional error correction. The main points of the study are presented in the following. First, in relation to the error correction in meaning interpretation, this study finds out that the explanations of "Liezi", "daxuanmo", "kedui", "shaojian" in the "Great Chinese-Korean dictionary"are incorrect. The cases involve the explanations that have no foundation, do not get to the points, and have narrow meaning interpretations compared with original meanings. Second, as for the supplementary correction, this study points out that the explanations of "yiri", "jiaosa", "buxi", "langhu" are not sufficient. Thus, this study claims that the following meanings for each case should be added, including "long time," "abdominal pains during pregnancy," "a type of folk performing arts without stages in local areas of China, and "to devour in greedy gulps." Third, with respect to the additional error correction, this study analyses "the typos of the examples," "the setup of inaccurate meaning items," "the front-to-back arrangement of the examples," and "inconsistency between meaning interpretations and examples" displayed in the dictionary. The error correction in the dictionary can be possible only if the findings from several other disciplines should be incorporated, involving cultural history, the history of literature, philology, grammatology, linguistics, etc. It seems impossible for a person to solve all the problems with the errors in the dictionary. Thus, it will be greatly helpful to the author and the people who prepare for the new edition of "the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary" if we can get continuous supports and comments from relating scholars of other disciplines. As a result, all these efforts will contribute to the academic progress for the relevant disciplines and these academic activities may develop a new area of the study.

A relative mod (H, K) nielsen number

  • Cho, Hyang-Kam;Woo, Moo-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.371-387
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    • 1995
  • Let X be a compact polyhedron, H a normal subgroup of the fundamental group $\pi_1(X)$ of X and $f : X \longrightarrow X$ a selfmap such that $f_piH \subset H$, where f_\pi : \pi_1(X) \longrightarrow \pi_1(X)$ is the induced homomorphism by f.

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