• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.303.2-303.2
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• 2014

The oxides of group IV transition metals such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium have many important current and future application, including protective coatings, sensors and dielectric layers in thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) devices. Recently, group IV transition metal oxide films have been intensively investigated as replacements for SiO2. Due to high permittivities (k~14-25) compared with SiO2 (k~3.9), large band-gaps, large band offsets and high thermodynamic stability on silicon. Herein, we report the synthesis of new group IV transition metal complexes as useful precursors to deposit their oxide thin films using chemical vapor deposition technique. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Newly synthesised compounds show high volatility and thermal stability, so we are trying to deposit metal oxide thin films using the complexes by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2005

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang (MS) and Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang plus Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (MS-C) on postpartum recovery and lactation. Materials and Methods : We used 18-week pregnant Spraque Dawley rats and administered the decoctions of MS and MS-C to rats once a day for 4 days or 8 days. Then we observed changes in the body weight of pup rats and complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, mammary gland tissue, level of serum prolactin, ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP of postpartum rats. Result : A significant increase in body weight was observed in MS-C treated pup rats compared with in MS treated group. The levels of WBC and platelet from MS group and MS-C group were decreased compared with the control group. The levels of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit from MS group and MS-C group showed statistically significant increases compared with the control group. The levels of protein, albumin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The levels of BUN, creatinine from MS group and MS-C group did not show statistically significant changes compared with the control group. The mammary gland tissues from MS group and MS-C group showed increased angiogenesis. The levels of serum prolactin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The expression of ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP genes from postpartum rats treated with MS and MS-C was increased. Conclusion : This study shows that MS and MS-C improved postpartum recovery and lactation in rats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a group integrated intervention program that simultaneously conducts cognitive activities, physical activities, emotional activities and social interactions by integrating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and integrated elderly play therapy based on the cognitive functions and depression of the elderly who live alone. This study follows a pre-test post-test design with a nonequivalent control group, to verify the effectiveness of a group integrated intervention. It applies a group integrated intervention program to 20 elderly people who live alone, aged 65 and above (10 in the experimental group, 10 in the control group), once a week for 90 minutes across eight weeks. The study went through MMSE-K, TMT-A and GDSSF-A to assess cognitive functions and the level of depression. The group integrated intervention increased the cognitive functions of the experimental group and decreased levels of depression. Therefore, this study verified that a group integrated intervention program of AAT and integrated play therapy of the elderly, is an effective for increasing cognitive functions and decreasing depression levels of the elderly who live alone. Based on these findings, the study suggests that there is a need to continuously expand group integrated intervention programs and provide relevant political support.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2010

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the highest morbidity and mortality diseases and is a state of increased oxidative stress. This study was carried out to evaluate anti-oxidant activities of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 week-old, were divided into 3 groups at 12hours after STZ induction; Diabetic control group (DW per os DC group), Glibencliamide group (5 mg/kg glibenclimide per os, GLI group) and Hovenia dulcis group (100 mg/kg Hovenia dulcis Thunberg water extract per os HDT group). Normal control group (NC group) was just injected with DW instead of STZ. On day 5, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities of HDT group were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared with DC group and glutathione peroxidase activities of HDT group was more increased than DC group but there was no significant difference.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of emitted-qi therapy(EQT) and cold water therapy(CWT) on the inhibition of the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss in burned rats. The white blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin values in blood, and the total protein, albumin, globulin, $Na^+,\;Cl^-,\;K^+\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ values in serum were measured. The results were obtained as follows; 1. White blood cell count in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 2. Hematocrit value in bolld was significantly increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 3. Hemoglobin value in blood was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 4. Total protein value in serum was significantly increased in CWT group compared with control group. 5. Albumin value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 6. Globulin value in serum tended to be increase in EQT and CWT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 7. A/G ratio in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with contort group. 8. $Na^+$, value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with ontrol group. 9. $K^+$, value in serum tended to be increased in EQT group compared with control group, but it was not significant. 10. $Cl^-$ value in serum was significantly increased in EQT and CWT group compared with control group. 11. $Ca^{2+}$ value in serum tended to be increased in EQT and CWT compared with control group, but it was not significant. According to the above results, the EQT and CWT inhibited the blood loss, the protein loss and the electrolyte loss. Therefore, it is considered that the EQT and CWT can be applied to the burn therapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was performed for find out temporal spatial parameter of the gait according to age. Method : Four groups of healthy people were allocated randomly in this study : group I(little child, 15), group II(child, 18) and group III(young people, 17), group(elder people, 16). This study was performed from 01 December to 31 December in 2007. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The swing phase was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in swing phase(p<.05). 2. The stance phase was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in stance phase(p<.05). 3. The single support time was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in single support time(p<.05). 4. The double support time was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in double support time(p<.05). 5. The gait velocity was the fastest group II, group I was the slowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in gait velocity(p<.05). 6. The toe in/out was very increased group IV, group I was very decreased. Each groups, there was significant difference in toe in/out(p<.05). 7. The cadence was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in cadence(p<.05). 8. The step length was the longest group III, group I was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in step length(p<.05). 9. The step length asymmetry ratio was the highest group IV, group III was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in step length asymmetry ratio(p>.05). 10. The single support time asymmetry ratio was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in single support time asymmetry ratio (p>.05). 11. The FAP was the highest group III, group I was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in FAP(p<.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.362-371
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between composite resin and glass ionomer cement according to surface treatment methods of glass ionomer cement. Sixty round acrylic cylinders were fabricated. And then, a round undercut cavity(8 mm diameter, 2.5mm depth) was prepared in the center of the every acrylic cylinder. After all cavities were restored by using light-cured glass ionomer cement. A total of sixty acrylic cylinders restored with glass ionomer cement were divided into 4 groups according to surface treatment methods of glass ionomer cement. The surface treatment of each group were as follows : control group : no treatment Group 1 : acid etching Group 2 : sandblasting Group 3 : air-podwer abrasive polishing The composite resin was bonded to glass ionomer cement of each specimens. And the shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min and 500kg in full scale. The results were as follows : 1. The sandblasting group(group 2) had the highest shear bond strength with $272.50{\pm}24.96\;kg/cm_2$ and the acid etching group(group 1) had the lowest shear bond strength with $192.89{\pm}29.32kg/cm_2$. 2. The no treated group(control group) had higher shear bond strength than acid etching group(group 1) (p<0.05). 3. The sandblasting group(group 2), air-powder abrasive polishing group(group 3) and no treated group(control group) had higher shear bond strength than the acid etching group(group 1) (p<0.05). 4. The sandblasting group(group 2) and air-powder abrasive polishing group(group 3) had higher shear bond strength than the no treatment group(control group), but there was not significant(p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of weaning age on intake, performance, nutrition metabolism and serum parameters of beef calves. Methods: Sixty Droughtmaster crossbred calves were assigned to 5 groups with 12 calves in each group. The calves in control group remained with the dams till the 22-week age, while the calves weaned at 28 d (4 wk), 42 d (6 wk), 56 d (8 wk), and 70 d (10 wk) of age were sent to group 4 wk, group 6 wk, group 8 wk, and group 10 wk, respectively, and then were fed on milk replacer till the 22-week age. Feed intake and body weight and size were record and blood metabolites were measured. And 24 calves of them (6 in each group) were picked randomly for digestion and metabolism trail. Feed, feces and urine sample were taken and measured. Results: Dry matter intake of calves in group 4 wk was significantly lower than those in the remaining groups from wk 17 to 22 (p<0.05). Feed efficiency of the calves was higher in groups 4 wk and 6 wk than those in groups 8 wk and 10 wk from 11 to 13 wk (p<0.05), and calves had higher feed efficiency in group 4 wk, group 6 wk, and group 8 wk than those in group 10 wk from wk 14 to wk 22. Calves in group 4 wk and 6 wk had lower body weight than group 8 wk and group 10 wk and control group at 10-week age (p<0.05) and 13-week age (p<0.05), and calves in group 6 wk had no significant difference in body weight with control group, group 8 wk and 10 wk (p>0.05) but was higher than that of group 4 wk (p<0.05). Calves in group 6 wk had higher final body weight and total gain than group 4 wk, but no difference of total gain with that of groups 8 wk, 10 wk, and control group. And weaning calves at 6-week age brought higher feed efficiency and average daily gain from wk 14 to wk 22, and higher dry matter and organic matter digestibility at 21 wk. Conclusion: It is concluded that the weaning of calves at 6 weeks of age gave positive results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Although various analgesics have been administrated for postoperative pain control, postoperative pain has not been adequately controlled . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and patient's satisfaction of $Myprodol^{(R)}$(combination analgesics with codeine, ibuprofen, paracetamol) compared to Acetamionphen and placebo drug after periodontal surgery and dental implant surgery. We studied 98 cases of outpatients which were composed of 67 cases of flap operation(which separated to 3 groups: Placebo group(n=25), $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group(n=22), Acetaminophen group(n=20)) and 21 cases of dental implant surgery(which separated to 3 groups : Placebo group(n=10), $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group(n=12), Acetaminophen group(n=9)). We evaluated the postoperative pain(Pain 1), Pain after first drug administraion(Pain 2), the degrees of pain reduction(pain 3), patient's satisfaction for drug, and side-effects. We obtained following results; 1. In Pain 1, making a comparison among groups, there was no significant difference in both cases of flap operation-group and dental implant surgery-group 2. In Pain 2, establishing a comparison among groups, there was no significant difference in flap operation-group, but significant difference was seen between placebo group and $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group in cases of dental implant surgery group(P<0.05). 3. In Pain 3, making a comparison among groups, $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group showed significant differences compared to placebo group and Acetaminophen group in both cases of flap operation group and dental implant surgery group(P<0.05). 4. In patient's satisfactory score, making a comparison among groups, there were significant differences between placebo group and $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group in cases of flap operation group and between $Myprodol^{(R)}$ group and Acetaminophen group in cases of dental implant surgery group(P<0.05). 5. Making a comparison in side-dffect, no significant differrence was seen. Our conclusion is that $Myprodol^{(R)}$ is a effective oral analgesics to the patients who underwent periodontal surgery or implant surgery for it's synergism among three dugs.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권3_4호
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• pp.765-767
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• 2022

The inverse Galois problem concerns whether or not every finite group appears as the Galois group of some Galois extension of the rational numbers. This problem, first posed in the early 19th century, is unsolved. In other words, we consider a pair - the group G and the field K. The question is whether there is an extension field L of K such that G is the Galois group of L. In this paper we present the proof that any group G is a Galois group of any field extension. In other words, we only consider the group G. And we present the solution to the inverse Galois problem.