• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2013

DD-plot은 분류문제를 풀기 위한 유용한 비모수적 방법이다. 우리는 이러한 DD-plot을 다변량공정에서 이상상태를 탐지하기 위한 그래픽 방법으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문을 통하여 이상상태를 탐지하기 위한 그래픽 방법으로서 동적 DD-plot과 동적 품질지수그림을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate how to effect the application of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium on the vegetation and dry matter yield in the mixed sward of orchardgrass and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis [L.] Scop.). The experimental sward wa5 consisted of eight plots of non-application, P, K, PK, N. NK, NP and NPK. These plots were sown with seeds mixture of orchardgrass 17.5 kglha and crabgrass 17.5 kg/ ha on 22 April 1975 in the forage experimental field of Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea, and were cut four times from 6 July to 18 November 1975. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In orchardgrass density measured after summering, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked only 3 1.0% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate while in crabgrass density measured at that time the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked as high as 112.5% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate. 2. Application of phosphate and potassium improved wintering record of orchardgrass. In orchardgrass density measured after wintering, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked only 9.7% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, and the plot of NP applied without K marked 63.6% of the plot of NP applied with K. 3. In surface coverage of orchardgrass, in midsummer any plot applied with nitrogen regardless of accompanying with or not with phosphate wa5 0%, but in autumn the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate was 56-58% and the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was 5%. While after wintering the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate was 28-37% though the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was only 0.3-0.6%; the application of phosphate improved summering and wintering record of orchardgrass. 4. Application of phosphate demonstrated remarkable effect on increasing dry matter yield in orchardgrass. In year total yield of orchardgrass, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked as low as 11.3% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, but in crabgrass the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was almost equal to the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate showing 97.5% of this plot. 5. Application of potassium was not effective on increasing dry matter yield of orchardgrass but its application was effective on increasing dry matter yield of crabgrass. In dry matter yield of orchardgrass significant difference was not found between NP plot and NPK plot, but in dry matter yield of crabgrass NPK plot recorded significantly higher yield compared with NP plot (p<0.05). 6. In botanical composition of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, crabgrass recorded 46.5-50.5% in early summer (July) but in midsummer (August) it dominated the plot recording 85.6-91.2%. 7. In botanical composition based on the year total yield, in the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate orchardgrass marked 21.7-26.2% and crabgrass recorded 73.8-78.370, but in the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate orchardgrass marked only 3.5% being overwhelmingly dominated by crabgrass which recorded 96.5%. 8. Application of nitrogen not accompanied with phosphate strengthened competitive power of the crabgrass unilaterally, making orchardgrass be oppressed fatally by the crabgrass.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 표본점(標本點)의 크기와 형태에 따른 작업(作業) 시간을 비교분석하고 효율성(效率性)을 검정(檢定)하여 적정 표본점 크기와 형태를 선택(選擇)하기 위한 것으로, 지형이 평탄(平坦)하고 임목생립(林木生立)이 고르게 분포된 2개 임분(林分)을 택하여 각각 198 plot, 306 plot를 조사하였다. 표본점 설치방법의 시간상 유리함을 알아보기 위하여 방형(方形)에서는 Blumeleiss-$Me{\beta}$ trommel을 이용하는 방법과 줄자를 이용하는 방법을 비교하였다. 1. 방형(方形)에서는 직접 4면 설치법이 대각선으로 설치하는 방법보다 시간적으로 유리하였다. 2. 원형(圓形)에 있어서는 Blumeleiss-$Me{\beta}$ trommel을 이용한 방법이 줄자를 이용하나 방법보다 유리(有利)하였다. 3. 원형(圓形) 표본점(標本點)이 방형(方形) 표본점(標本點)에 비해 시간적으로 유리하였다. 특히 작은 표본점에서는 원형이 방형에 비해 2배 정도 유리하였지만, 점차 면적이 커지면서 원형 표본점의 시간적(時間的) 유리성(有利性)이 줄어들었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of thinning and pruning on characteristics of forest stand, mesopore ratio and soil water content at the Pinus koraiensis stands in Gwangneung, Gyeonggido. The Pinus koraiensis had been planted in 1976 and thinning and pruning were carried out in 1996. A sample area survey was conducted at experimental plots (thinned and unthinned) in 1998 and 2005, and mesopore ratio and soil water content have been monitored from 2000 to present. Average tree height of the thinned plot increased from 10.9m to 13.2m and from 10.3m to 12.8m for the unthinned plot. Average D.B.H of the thinned plot increased from 15.9cm to 21.1cm and from 14.5cm to 16.7cm for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Crown density at the thinned plot increased from 81.5% to 95.0% and from 89.5% to 95.0% for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Mesopore ratio (pF2.7) of A layer soil at the thinned plot was 40.1% while that of the unthinned plot was 37.3%. Changes of mesopore ratio at unthinned plot were not associated with stand age, but those at thinned plot had increased and then decreased, showing declining of the practice effect. Average soil water content at the thinned plot were 23.7% and 22.4% for the unthinned plot. Soil watercontents at both plots have been increased with increase in stand age. But the difference of soil watercontent at each plot has been decreased, especially at the depth of 10cm.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

We explore the structure and usefulness of CERES plot as a basic tool for dealing with curvature as a function of the new predictor in nonlinear regression. If a predictor has a nonlinear effect and there are nonlinear relationships among the predictors the partial residual plot and augmented partial residual plot are not able to display the correct functional form of the predictor. Unlike these plots the CERES plot can show the correct from. In situations where nonlinearity exists in two predictors we extend the idea of CERES plot to three dimensions, This is illustrated by simulated data.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2001

This study the effects of the application of organic farming materials on the soil Physicochemistry property and plant growth, yield and components of Tomato were compared with conventional culture. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows : 1. The effect of soil chemical properties after application organic farming materials, The amounts of pH and O.M. in N, P, K treated plot were few of change, To the contrary, fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot were some increase, Amount of $P_2$$O_{5}$, Ca and K increase in comparison with the N, P, K treated plot. 2. Changes of soil microbial after application organic farming materials, The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in N, P, K treated plot were appeared definite direction. to the contrary, The number of bacteria and actimycetes in fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot showed the increased tendency, The number of fungi showed the decreased tendency. 3. Effect of organic farming materials application on the growth and yield of tomato was superior in order of microorganisms fermentation compost plot〉 chemical fertilizers plot〉 fermentation compost plot. especially, chicken manure ＋ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest. 4. Effect of organic farming materials application on the components of tomato were not different.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

In this study, one of the measures for the promotion of the growth of trees planted in poor drainage areas, which functionality pipe supplying oxygen in the soil, and promotes drainage, barren soil and poor drainage areas in planting design was to provide the basic data to compare the impact on the application of functionality pipe. The Zelkova serrata testing materials were selected, planted a total of 12 by three to four individual experiments were conducted. Growth measurements of the items Plot A > Plot C > Plot D > Plot B were excellent in the order of height, number of leaves, leaf width, and chlorophyll content, Plot A > Plot C > Plot D > Plot B was in good order of the growth of the length of the root-collar diameter, Plot C > Plot A > Plot B > Plot D in order rate of variation was good. This has adverse effects on plant growth, poor drainage planting base represents, promote drainage and oxygen supply technique can be applied good to the planting from Zelkova serrata growth based drainage is poor and barren presented as part of research to be done in the future include a means for promoting the growth of plants in soil, the planting design.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

본 연구는 담수직파재배에서 완효성질소비료인 Latex coated urea(LCU)와 Meister10(MS10)의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 포장시험으로 조생종인 중화벼를 공시품종으로하여 무질소구, 요소구, LCU구, MS구로 처리하여 벼의 생육, 수량 및 수량구성요소, 질소흡수량 및 이용율, 시험전후 토양의 화학적특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 초장과 분얼수는 요소구보다 LCU구와 MS10구가 높았고, MS10구는 LCU구보다 초장은 비슷했으나, 분얼수가 높았다. 입모수는 요소구, LCU구, MS10구간에 차이가 없었다. 간장은 요소구 보다 LCU구와 MS10구가 높았고, 수장은 요소구, LCU구 및 MS10구간에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. $m^2$당 수수는 MS10구가 가장 높았으나, LCU구와 요소구간에는 비슷하였다. 수량은 MS10구가 LCU구와 요소구보다 유의성있게 높았다. 수확기 질소흡수량과 질소이용율은 MS10구>LCU구>요소구 순이었다. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 시험전 토양에서보다 질소함량에는 변화가 없었으나, pH, 인산 및 가리 함량이 다소 낮아졌다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1999

소나무 천연집단의 변이를 연구하기 위해 1994년 9월(月) 25~27일(日)과 10월(月)1~3일(日)강원도 지역의 13개 소나무 천연집단 [춘천시 효자동(plot 1), 인제군 신남면(plot 2), 인제군 북면(plot 3), 양양군 서면 A(plot 4), 양양군 서면 B(plot 5), 양양군 손양면(plot 6), 고성군 토성면(plot 7), 원주시 신림면(plot 8), 횡성군 둔내면(plot 9), 평창군 진부면(plot 10), 강릉시 소금강 입구(plot 11), 울진군 서면(plot 12), 평창군 미탄면 (plot 13)]을 선발하고 각 집단 별로 20개체를 대상으로 하여 침엽 및 구과의 형태적 특성에 대한 변이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 침엽의 특성에서 침엽의 길이는 69.3~91.9mm이고, 0.5cm당 거치수는 25.1~28.7개 이고, 기공 열의 수는 배축변에서 4.1~6.2줄이고 향축면에서 2.9~4.6줄이었으며 집단간 및 집단내 개체간에 모두 고도의 유의성이 나타났다. 2. 구과의 특성에서 구과의 길이는 31.1~43.7mm이고, 직경은 20.0~24.1mm이었으며 집단간 및 집단내 개체간에 모두 고도의 유의성이 나타났다. 3. 배축면과 향축면의 기공열의 수는 정의 상관을 보였고, 구과의 길이와 직경간에도 높은 정의 상관이 있었으며, 거치수는 각 특성들과 부의 상관을 보였다. 4. 해안선으로부터의 거리는 침엽의 길이와 거치수와 정의 상관을 보였고, 두 면의 기공열의 수 및 구과 길이와는 부의 상관을 나타냈다. 해발고는 거치수와 정의 상관을 보였으나 두 면의 기공열의 수 및 구과 길이와는 부의 상관을 나타냈고, 침엽의 길이 및 구과 직경과는 어떠한 경향도 인정되지 않았다. 5. 평균연결법에 의한 군집 분석 결과, 거리지수 1.0에서 2개의 무리로 나누는 것이 가능하였는데, I 그룹에 plot 1, 8, 12와 13이 속하였고 II 그룹에 plot 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10과 11이 속하였다. 거리지수 0.8 에서는 II 그룹을 다시 plot 2, 3, 9와 11의 군집과 plot 4, 5, 6, 7과 10의 군집으로 나눌 수 있었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.911-921
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• 2008

유전자발현 자료로터 유용한 생물학적 정보를 얻기 위해 여러 시각화 방법이 개발되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 평행좌표 플롯(parallel coordinate plot: PCP)을 이용하여 유전자발현 패턴을 찾아내어 표현하고자 하였다. 평행좌표 플롯의 두 변형인 ePCP(enhanced parallel coordinate plot)와 APCP(Andrews' type parallel coordinate plot)를 림포마(lymphoma) 자료에 적용하여 62개 샘플을 의미있게 배열하고 300개 유전자를 평활 곡선으로 표현하였다.