• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

The mortality rate of car-pedestrian accidents is quite high compared to the frequency of accident. Recently, governments and insurance companies tend to establish and implement new safety standards for pedestrian protection such as EURO-NCAP and K-NCAP. The performance for the pedestrian protection has been gradually improved, but it is still insufficient. Therefore, various studies for the pedestrian protection are being carried out. The car-pedestrian accident is simulated in order to study to the upper legform test of the EURO-NCAP protocol. A pedestrian dummy model is employed and the results are discussed.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

NCAP(New Car Assessment Program) makes vehicle manufacturer improve safety performance through free competition and customers guarantee vehicle selection by providing information of vehicle safety. That's why it is important not only to meet the regulation, but also to cope with NCAP. EuroNCAP(European New Car Assessment Program) side tests have conducted by using Progressive MDB and Euro SID II in order to reproduce crash test between two vehicles over 10 years. However various researches report that Progressive MDB and Euro SID II do not reflect evolving vehicle design, impact performance and biofidelity of human. Therefore EuroNCAP has the plan to conduct AE-MDB side crash test using WorldSID which is more evolved from 2015 by replacing Progressive MDB and EuroSID II. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new test closely. This paper is to find test set-up parameters which affect into dummy injury instead of restraint system and to research on its tendency. It is processed with mini and small car to know influence as changing vehicle size and also analyzed by DFSS(Design for six sigma) which is one of optimization tools. DFSS is vaildated by simulating CAE with L18 orthogonal array of 6 control factors adjustable as EuroNCAP requirement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

New car assessment program (NCAP) originated from USNCAP in 1979 has been implemented in several countries or markets, for instance USA, Europe, Korea, Japan, China and Australia. NCAP has contributed greatly to reduce accidental tolls. But recently, NCAP performance has no distinction between cars because manufacturer have been continuously developed to improve NCAP performance. Therefore, NHTSA announced new USNCAP protocol becoming effective from MY2011. NHTSA had carried out many NCAP tests based on the new test protocol and announced these test results. In this paper, USNCAP test results were reviewed by statistical method. This review was focused on passenger cars and frontal crash test results in order to investigate effect of changes in new NCAP protocol. There are two key changes, one is sited female dummy in passenger position, the other is enlarged to 4 scoring body regions in each dummy. Results of this review were summarized as followings. Performance in Passenger (12.5%) is lower than Driver's (50%) for number of 5 star vehicle. Neck injury criterion is dominant to NCAP star rating for both dummies in the mean sense. For standard deviation, chest deflection is showed largest value in driver dummy but neck injury criterion is showed for passenger's. DKAB and PKAB were equipped 28.1% and 6.2%, respectively. Consequently, the countermeasure for new USNCAP frontal crash test is essential to control well dummy kinematics with some safety features including KAB to reduce neck injuries.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2007

IEEE 1451 standard는 네트워크와 transducer간에 표준 interface를 정의한다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 1451 Standard 기반의 data acquisition system과 무선 smart sensor node를 구성하기 위한 구조적인 모델을 제안한다. 제안 된 Network Capable Application Processor(NCAP)은 data acquisition의 역할과 smart sensor node와 네트워크 사이에 가교 역할을 한다. 또한 무선 sensor node에게 영향을 주지 않으면서 재구성이 가능하고 DB를 이용하여 transducer의 정확한 정보를 얻는다. Smart sensor node는 그 자신에 관한 기본적인 정보를 디지털 형식으로 제공하는 능력을 가지고 있다. 이 디지털 형식은 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet(TEDS)라 하며 sensor node의 plug-and-play 기능을 가능하게 한다. IEEE 1451.4에서 정의하고 있는 TEDS와 Template를 무선 환경에서 적용하기 위해 형식을 간략화 하였으며 ad-hoc routing을 통해 전송이 이루어진다. 본 연구 시스템은 의료정보 서비스를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 체온과 ECG(Electrocardiogram) 센서를 사용하였다. Template 형식은 센서들의 data sheet를 통해 결정하였으며 센서의 특징을 정확히 표현하기 위해 재구성하였다. NCA의 DB는 다양한 센서 개발에 따라 새로운 Template 및 하부 항목의 등록이 가능하도록 구현하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2019

Since introducing the offset frontal impact test in EuroNCAP in 1997, the vehicle has been constantly changing according to its usage and purpose. As of 2019, many vehicles have been released to the public, which has led to a large structural mass difference between small, medium and large vehicles. Also, the geometry of the front of the vehicle is completely different for each vehicle and tends not to be perfectly aligned at frontal collisions. The difference in mass of each of these vehicles and less performing structures for offset crashes have led to dramatically worse outcome in a car to car offset frontal impact tests. Even though a decade later passenger cars have become much safer due to consumer test programs and regulatory requirements, the aggressiveness and compatibility that can cause damage to the opponent car in the event of car to car collision is not considered in the above-mentioned section, and therefore much improvement is needed. After many years of study to solve this problem, EuroNCAP has developed a new mode MPDB offset front test that considers the aggressiveness and compatibility that can affect the opponent cars that have collided. This paper introduces the development process of aggressiveness and compatibility evaluation method of MPDB in EuroNCAP which will be implemented from 2020. Several impact tests have been conducted at different test conditions to rate the vehicle structure performance only focused on aggressiveness and compatibility of MPDB.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.2005-2014
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• 2009

PDLC 필름을 제작하는 데는 여러 방법들이 있으나 그중 하나로서 에멀젼 기술에 기반을 둔 NCAP필름 제조방법이 있다. 이러한 에멀젼 기술은 물에 부분적으로 용해될 수 있는 PVA, PVP와 같은 고분자로 NCAP를 제조할 수 있고, 또한 안정제 없이도 안정한 액정 에멀젼을 형성할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물에 녹는 것과 물에 녹지 않는 부분을 가지고 있는 분자로 구성된 공중합체에 대하여 에멀젼의 안정성과 계면장력, 표면장력이 공중합체의 구성, 농도, 소수성 체인 등에 의존한다는 것도 연구하였다. Acrylamide-styrene(AA-ST)계 공중합체는 같은 농도조건에서 사용한 다른 공중합체보다 낮은 계면장력을 나타낸다. 낮은 계면장력 때문에 AA-ST 공중합체는 액정분자들과 좋은 친화성을 갖는다. 또한 액정표면에 쉽게 흡수되는 분자들이 액정 에멀젼 시스템을 더 안정화하다는 것과 형태학적 분석을 통한 액정의 안정성도 논의하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1515-1522
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• 2011

본 논문은 자동차 보행자보호 안전 항목 중 범퍼부에 해당하는 Lower Legform Impactor 충격에 대한 비선형 유한요소해석 결과와 보행자보호 충격 시험 결과와의 비교 및 정도 향상을 위한 해석적인 기법을 제시하였다. 유럽에서는 현재 법규로 평가되고 있는 범퍼부 보행자보호는 국내에서도 2013년부터 법규로 적용되어진다. 본 연구는 범퍼부 Lower Legform Impactor 충격을 위한 해석 시험의 상관성 확보를 위하여 굽힘각 저감용 스티프너의 단품 압축 시험을 통해 얻어진 힘 대 변위 커브의 분석을 통하여 해석 정도 확보를 위한 최적 모델링 방법을 찾아내고, 변위 측정 센서를 부착한 실차 시험과 해석 결과와의 변위값 및 거동간의 편차를 비교 분석하여 범퍼 보행자보호 해석의 정도성 확보를 위한 해석 기법을 제시하였다.

• Advances in Automotive Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of sitting position of the driver on the whiplash neck injury have been analyzed experimentally by using hybrid III series 50 percentile male crash test dummy. A testing platform consisting of vehicle ground, driver foot rest, driver seat and a 3-point seatbelt has been prepared. This testing platform and the instrumented crash test dummy are prepared for tests according to the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol. The prepared test set-up has been exposed to 3 different acceleration-time loading curves defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol by performing sled tests. 9 different sled tests have been performed with the combinations of 3 different seating positions of the crash test dummy and 3 different acceleration-time loading curves. The sensor data obtained from the crash test dummy and high-speed videos taken are analyzed according to the injury assessments criteria defined in the Euro NCAP whiplash testing protocol and the criticality of the whiplash injury is defined. It is seen that the backset distance of the driver head with the headrest and the height difference of the top of the head of the driver with the headrest have a great importance on whiplash injuries.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

A new dummy has improved biofidelity from Fair to Good compare with EuroSID2re which is currently used for regulation tests and NCAP tests. Some instrumentation of each body region has been changed to measure the assessment of injury risk. The objective of this study is to find out the injury characteristic of each dummy and to calculate the relation between external force and injury for each dummy with pendulum tests. Finally, this study suggests the optimized external force to meet consumer tests. A new dummy named WorldSID for side impact will be introduced into EuroNCAP tests after 2015. Korea government is also planning to adopt WorldSID at KNCAP tests from 2017 and Global Technical Regulation (GTR) will also adopt WorldSID to oblique side pole crash.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

본 논문은 유선으로 연결된 다양한 센서들의 제어와 센서들 간의 호환성을 보장하는 IEEE 1451.2 표준을 적용한 센서 네트워크 시스템 구현에 대한 연구이다. 제안된 시스템은 IEEE 1451.0에서 기술된 네트워크 수용 가능한 응용 프로세서(NCAP-Network Capable Application Processor)와 IEEE 1451.2에서 기술된 변환기 독립 인터페이스(TII-Transducer Independent Interface), 변환기 전자 데이터 시트(TEDS-Transducer Electronic Data Sheet)와 아날로그 디지털 변환기를 포함한 송수신기 부분으로 구성된다. 본 시스템은 추후 반도체 집적회로 설계에 용이할 수 있돌고 시스템의 소형화와 최적화를 목표로 구현되었다. 네트워크 수용 가능한 응용 프로세서는 개인용 컴퓨터상에서 C언어로 구현하였고 변환기 독립 인터페이스는 개인용 컴퓨터의 병렬포트와 FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) 응용보드의 확장포트를 이용하였고, 송수신기는 FPGA 응용보드를 이용하여 Verilog로 구현하였다. 표준에 근거한 실험을 수행하여 제안된 구조의 검증을 수행하였다.