• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.447-452
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• 2012

Among the various elements affecting a customer's evaluation of automobile quality, buzz, squeak and rattle (BSR) are considered to be major factors. In most vehicle manufacturers, the BSR problems are solved by find-fix method with the vehicle road test, mainly due to various excitation sources, complex generation mechanism and subjective response. The aim of this paper is to develop the integrated experimental method to systematically tackle the BSR problems in early stage of the vehicle development cycle by resolving these difficulties. To achieve this aim, the developed experimental method ought to include the following requirements: to find and fix the BSR problem for modules instead of a full vehicle in order to tackle the problem in the early stage of the vehicle development cycle; to develop the exciter system including the zig and road-input-signal reproducing algorithm; to automatically localize the source region of BSR; to develop sound quality index that can be used to assess the subjective responses to BSR. Also, the BSR sound quality indexes based on the Zwicker's sound quality parameters using a multiple regression analysis. The four sound metrics from Zwicker's sound quality parameter are computed for the signals recorded for eight BSR noise source regions localized by using the acoustic-field visualized results. Then, the jury test of BSR noise are performed for participants. On a basis of the computed sound metrics and jury test result, sound quality index is developed to represent the harsh of BSR noise. It is expected that the developed BSR detection system and sound quality indexes can be used to reduce the automotive interior BSR noise in terms of subjective levels as well as objective levels.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2016

Household refrigerator radiates noise of which the pattern is dependent on the operating condition of its parts, such as compressor, flow fans, etc. Thus the refrigerator noise has a variety of frequency characteristics. Therefore, it is required to consider the noise characteristics for evaluating the noise quality and eventually developing the sound quality index of the refrigerator noise. In this study, five units of household refrigerator were selected to measure their noises that were used to generate sound sources for jury test of the study. The measured noises of five refrigerators were divided into ten kinds of sound source by considering operating condition and frequency characteristics. Additionally, the ten sources were each edited to have the same SPL of 30 dBA. Totally twenty kinds of sound sources (10-original SPL, 10-edited SPL 30 dBA) were evaluated by twenty-two subjects, and compared with their sound quality metrics. It was found that only the loudness of the metrics was meaningfully correlated with the subjective evaluation. The rests, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength, were not related. The conclusion of this study is that a new sophisticated index is necessary to be developed to qualitatively evaluate the household refrigerator noise.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-187
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• 2011

This paper investigates on the legal doctrine of "voluntary, knowing, and intelligent" (VKI Doctrine). The main points that were discussed include the history of the VKI doctrine and the US courts' attitudes toward the doctrine. It was also discussed how the VKI doctrine influenced the protection of consumer who agreed to arbitrate with businesses. The US courts' attitudes have shown to be split in application of the VKI doctrine to disputes in the enforceability of arbitration agreement between the consumers and the businesses. In order for the arbitration agreement to be invalidated, the state legislature cannot enact law that are directly targeted toward the validity of arbitration agreement. Rather the contract law in each of the state should be applied to the evaluation of the validity of an arbitration agreement. As the more and more consumers become familiar with the arbitration, the need for the VKI doctrine to protect the individual consumers in arbitration is expected to be diminished in future disputes.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2007

There are various sounds in the car as much as cars have many mechanical parts. These sounds make various psychological development. The international competition in car markets has continuously required the research about the sound quality of a car. The domestic car makers have also invested a lot of money for the research and development of sound quality. Car axle plays an important role in a vehicle and its NVH development is also important. By this time, NVH development of car axle is mainly based on the reduction of sound pressure level (dBA), which cannot gives, the satisfaction to the customers in view of the sound quality of a vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, a sound quality index evaluating the sound quality of axle noise based on human sensibility is developed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

Sound quality is becoming a major concern in optical disc drives (ODD). In order to improve the sound quality of slim type ODDs, we changed lead screw pitch and firmware algorithm in the seek mode. To evaluate the sound quality, the PCM (Paired Comparison Method) was adopted and the result was compared with the time-averaged loudness spectrum. Sound signals were also recorded and modified by increasing or decreasing selected frequency bands to verify their sensitivities to the sound quality. As a result of jury test, preferred frequency bands are associated with the time-averaged loudness spectrum.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.513-518
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• 2013

The purpose of vehicle horn sound is for warning to pedestrians. In the past, the main development factor is to match the regulation level. But nowadays perceived quality is more important than level itself. In this study, we measure variety horn sound and evaluate its signals through the jury evaluation aimed at making horn sound quality index. Each contribution of the noise path for sound quality is identified and the target values and methods for implementing the luxurious horn sound are suggested. Finally, we developed, horn component and improve horn mounting condition for luxurious horn sound.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집(수송기계편)
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• pp.186-189
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• 2005

Since human listening is very sensitive to sound, a subjective index of a sound quality is required. Therefore, in the analysis for each situation, the sound evaluation is composed with sound quality factor. Many researchers spends their effort to make a more reliable and more accurate of sound in term of sound quality index for various system noise. In this study a reliable index is constructed and analyzed using correlation analysis, regression analysis and weighting factor for each sound quality factor. We have made the sound quality index that agrees with more than human subjective sensitivity which apply to various sound quality metrics. Also we applied a 'grade' metric to jury for sound evaluation, analyzed relation between sound duality index and sound quality grade. Then we will judge the sound quality level according to the sound quality grade scheme.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.525-530
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• 2013

With the increasing the importance of emotional quality of vehicle, the sound quality of systems with electric motor components has become increasingly important. Electric motors are used for windows, seats, sun roof, mirrors, steering columns, windshield wiper, climate control blowers, etc. In this paper, a study was conducted to identify sound quality factors that contribute to customer's satisfaction and preference of the window lift system. Jury test for subjective evaluation was carried out and sound quality index was developed. Averaged sound pressure level and sharpness were significant factors when glass moves down. Also, maximum loudness at stop section and averaged loudness were significant factor when glass moves up. Noise source identification was carried out for the reduced the loudness and sharpness during glass transferred section and impulsive noise at stop section, Using the source identification result, several improvement points were applied. And finally, the degree of sound quality improvement was judged using sound quality index.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.177-204
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• 2015

우리나라 형법 제10조 제1항에서는 "심신장애로 인하여 사물을 변별할 능력이 없거나 의사를 결정할 능력이 없는 자의 행위는 벌하지 아니한다"라고 규정하고 있다. 따라서 정신장애자가 행위 시에 책임능력이 결여되었다고 판정되면 형사처벌을 할 수 없다. 정신장애자에 대한 책임능력의 판단 문제는 형법학과 정신의학이 교차하는 영역에 존재한다. 정신장애로 인한 책임능력의 존부에 대해서는 최종적으로 법원이 판단하게 되지만 생물학적 요소인 정신장애에 대한 판단은 정신의학적 지식이 필요하고 이에 의존하는 것이 당연하다. 특히 국민참여재판의 시행으로 정신장애자의 정신감정 절차와 내용에서 변화가 요구된다. 일반시민들로 구성된 배심원이 재판의 심리에 참가하게 되므로 배심원이 정신감정의 결과를 이해하고 판단할 수 있도록 더욱 정확한 정신감정과 결과를 제출하는 절차의 개선이 필요하다. 형사사법절차에서 정확한 정신감정결과를 담보하기 위해서는 형사사법과 사법정신의학에 관한 일정한 교육프로그램을 이수한 정신과 의사 또는 심리학자로 구성되는 인력-풀을 구축하고, 인력-풀에 소속된 감정인을 선정하여 정신감정을 실시하는 것이 바람직하다. 나아가 국민참여재판에서 일반시민으로 구성되는 배심원의 비전문성을 고려해야 하므로 알기 쉬운 정신감정서의 작성과 제출이 요구된다. 정신장애 여부에 관한 배심원의 공정한 평결을 위해서는 정신감정서의 신속한 제출과 중요한 내용을 요약한 정신감성서의 제출, 배심원이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 정신감정서의 작성이 필요하다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2012

This paper identifies a cause of pick up noise in a laser printer and a relationship between pick up noise and major components related to pick up noise. A pick up sound is affected by many components such as spring force, spring constant, and friction coefficient. Objective evaluation for the pick up sound is difficult because of back ground sound such as operating sound. Especially, a sound between a friction pad and a paper in the process of printing has become an essential issue in an aspect of quality evaluation. However the existing criteria for determining the above sound have solely relied on human's subjective judgments; which highlights the requirement to objectify these criteria. In this paper, the standard of existing pick up noise is established by finding the tonality, which is a psychoacoustic parameter, of noticeable limit sound level. Based on the findings of the method, the study has found factors which cause pick up noise and suggests the substitution of following components of printers such as spring constants, spring force, and the quality of friction pads. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed pick up noise index has usefulness to classify whether existence of pick up noise with an objective evaluation and not to occur the noise based on design optimized combination of laser printer components.