• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2023

Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) that provides approach procedure with vertical guidance-I (APV-I) level corrections and integrity information to Korea territory. KASS is used to monitor navigation performance in real-time, and this paper introduces the design, implementation, and verification process of mission monitoring (MIMO) in KASS. MIMO was developed in compliance with the Minimum Operational Performance Standards of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics for Global Positioning System (GPS)/SBAS airborne equipment. In this study, the MIMO system was verified by comparing and analyzing the outputs of reference tools. Additionally, the definition and derivation method of accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability subject to MIMO were examined. The internal and external interfaces and functions were then designed and implemented. The GPS data pre-processing was minimized during the implementation to evaluate the navigation performance experienced by general users. Subsequently, tests and verification methods were used to compare the obtained results based on reference tools. The test was performed using the KASS dataset, which included GPS and SBAS observations. The decoding performance of the developed MIMO was identical to that of the reference tools. Additionally, the navigation performance was verified by confirming the similarity in trends. As MIMO is a component of KASS used for real-time monitoring of the navigation performance of SBAS, the KASS operator can identify whether an abnormality exists in the navigation performance in real-time. Moreover, the preliminary identification of the abnormal point during the post-processing of data can improve operational efficiency.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-200
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• 2023

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is the first satellite navigation enhancement system in Korea developed in compliance with international standards. Technologies accumulated during the development process should be spread to industries such as academia and serve as the basis for developing the domestic satellite navigation field. This paper introduces the development process from design to implementation, testing, and verification of KASS control systems (KCS). First, development standards, milestones, requirements, and interface standards are presented as KCS development methods, and major functional design, physical design, and hardware/software implementation are described based on the allocated requirements. Subsequently, the verification environment, procedures, and results of the development product are covered and the developed operational and maintenance procedures are described. In addition, based on the experience gained through the development, suggestions were made for beneficial technology development and organization when promoting satellite navigation projects in the future. Since this work has important historical value for the development of domestic satellite navigation, it is expected that the development results will be shared with academia and industry in the future and be used as basic data for similar development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.439-445
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a dynamic stand yield model to estimate the baseline carbon stock, which is essentially required for a forest carbon offset project based on forest management. For developing the yield model, the data was acquired from the databases of the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory. The model was validated by comparing its estimations with field measurements that were conducted from 4 study sites (14 plots with thinning treatments) located in Hong-chun, Hoeng-sung, Yang-yang Daechi and Yang-yang Jungja. The difference between the estimations and the field measurements was less than 5%. Using the dynamic stand yield model, we estimated the changes in stand yield volume and carbon stocks for each species according to the baseline scenarios. As the results, we found that baseline carbon stock was the highest at Quercus acutissima stand (83.01tC/ha), while the lowest at Pinus rigida stand (32.17tC/ha) and Pinus densiflora stand of central region (39.09tC/ha). Hence, a project provider could get more carbon emission credits from an improved forest management project when considering the project with Pinus rigida stand or Pinus densiflora stand (central region). The baseline carbon stock and the dynamic stand yield model developed from this study would be useful for designing carbon offset projects based on improved forest management.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.52-67
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of educational science magic program on creative problem solving ability, inquiry skill, and scientific attitude in elementary school science. For this, two classes of 3th grade were chosen in the J elementary school located in Suwon city as the experimental class(30 students) and the comparative class(30 students). The two groups were selected through a diagnostic examining program. Instruction using educational science magic program was applied to the experimental class. The results of this study were as follows. 1. the creative problem solving ability of the experimental class has statistically meaningful differences and improved, compared with the comparative class(p<.05). 2. the scientific inquiry skill was improved, but it has no meaningful difference statistically. However, science tasks applied educational science magic program had valuable significance to ability of measure(p<.05). 3. the scientific attitude score also was improved, but it has no meaningful difference statistically. However, science tasks applied educational science magic program had valuable significance to endurance(p<.05). 4. the results of survey showed that educational science magic program influence students' interests and concerns in science, class participation, pleasure in class, and comprehension of what is said in class positively. Therefore, a educational science magic program applied in this study might be useful to improve the creative problem solving ability, interests and concerns in science, class participation, pleasure in class, and comprehension of what is said in class.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

This study has a purpose of base study for ascertaining landscape architect's role of Reung Chambong through analyzing old literature include Kyungkukdae-Jeon, Sokdae-Jeon, Daejeonhoitong, Joseonwangjo-Sillok, Eugye, Reung-Ji, Ilsung-Rok, Reung Chambong's diary. Reung Chambong was a government post in the Joseon dynasty, who managed Royal Tombs of Joseon Dynasty that has promoted as a World Heritage of UNESCO. the conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, Reung Chambong was comprised of two Jong 9 pum Chanmbong members. a position of Reung Chambong was a Eumjik appointed Saengwon, Jinsa, Yuhak completed Sammang. the standards of appointment is a experienced person and too young. it became means for accessing a government post because it had a symbolic representation of Royal Tombs guardian. Second, The management system of Reung Chambong was approved on the basis of ranking. however, due to geographical reasons, they had much authority and various mission than is possible. for example, construction supervisor of the Reung and Bongsim, manager of the Reungsuhogun and filling out Reungji. they performed an important role in management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty. Third, One of tasks related in landscape architecture, a Bongshim reported Sukmul(stonework), Sacho, Jungja-Gak of Reungsang to Yejo periodically. formational system and method of Bongshim are provided in the Kyungkukdae-Jeon and Sokdae-Jeon detailedly. Fourth, Tree management and construction supervisor of Reungsang, positions among tasks related in landscape architecture, required basic understanding and management ability of botany, various eye for spatial perception includes civil and architectural projects. also, as a site management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty, Reung Chambong was empowered tacit authorization and responsibility in mobility preoccupancy of vertical relationship with local officials and handling by-product of site. there is a close correspondence with landscape architect of today. A follow-up research is required to ascertain landscape architect historical values of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty and Reung Chambong's role as a site management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty through historical seeking and research old literature on Reung Chambong's role related in landscape architect.