• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1998

Two determinate soybean cultivars, 'Baegunkong' and 'Namhaekong', were planted on 8 Jone, 23 June, and 8 July 1996 at Cheju at planting densities of 33, 43, 53, 63 plants per $m^2$ to determine the optimum planting density of double crop soybean for recently recommended cultivars in Cheju area at various planting dates. The plant height, and the diameter and node number of main stems decreased as planting was delayed. The plant height increased but the stem diameter and node number decreased with increasing planting density. Pod number per plant was greater for Namhaekong than for Baegunkong and was not affected by planting date. Pod number per plant decreased but pod numbers per $\textrm{m}^2$ increased with increasing planting density. The number of seeds per pod was greater at the two later plantings and fewer at the highest planting density. 100-seed weight decreased with delaying planting. The seed weight was lighter at the highest planting density for Baegunkong but there was no difference for Namhaekong among the planting densities. The seed yield of Baegunkong was greater for 23 June and 8 July plantings (2,280 and 2,420 kg/ha) than for 8 June planting (1,450 kg/ha) while that of Namhaekong was greatest at 23 June planting (2,690 kg/ha) compared with 8 June and 8 July plantings (1,890 and 2,080 kg/ha). Across the planting dates and cultivars, seed yield increased from 1,860 to 2,290kg/ha as the planting density increased from 33 to 53 plants/$\textrm{m}^2$ and then leveled off with a further increase in planting density.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2001

A sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar was planted on 9 and 30 June 2000 at plant densities of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 plants $m^{-2}$ to determine the optimum plant density in Jeju region. There were no significant planting date x plant density interactions for most traits measured. Delaying planting from 9 to 30 June delayed 21 days in heading date, and significantly decreased plant height, the number of productive stems $m^{-2}$/, and lodging. Fresh stem yield tended to be higher at the 9 June planting date than at the 30 June planting date, but total sugar and ethanol yields were not significantly affected by planting date. Percentage of soluble solid was higher at the 30 June planting date compared with the 9 June planting date. Fresh stem, total sugar, and ethanol yields quadractically increased from 22.9 to 36.7 $t^{-1}$, from 1.66 to 2.54 $t^{-1}$, and from 945 to 1440 $L^{-1}$, respectively, with increasing plant density. The optimal plant densities for the maximum fresh stem, total sugar, and ethanol were estimated to be 10.7, 9.6, and 9.9 plants $m^{-2}$ respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2002

Seedling establishment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor in production system and cultural practices. The objective of this study was to identify the components of soybean seedling developments encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to emergence, early growth stage and dry matter accumulation. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted at Baegsan silty loam soil. Planting date was May 13, June 3, and June 24 in 2001. Sprinkler irrigation was accompanied with 30mm after seeding for three planting dates. Soybean seedlings were sampled at the growth stages from VE to V5. Days to emergence of soybean seedlings were taken 8 at May 13 and 5 at June 24 plantings. Emergence percentage was over 90 at three planting dates. May 13 planting took 33 days and June 24 planting was 25 days for reaching V5 growth stage. Cotyledon number was decreased after V2. Significant cultivar difference was found in cotyledon dry weight until V2 which differed in seed dry weights at the planting times. Leaf and total dry weights of soybean seedlings were not differed from V1 to V3 among planting dates and cultivars. Leaf water contents were generally ranged 78 to 85%. Branch was appeared from V4. Leaf/stem ratio among cultivars was similar at five growth stages and gradually increased from 2.1 at V1 to 2.8 at V5. The results based on this experiment indicated that seedling establishment of soybean was continued from VE to V3 growth stages affecting mainly by planting date and soil moisture.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of harvest index and the relationship between harvest index and yield determination factors by different planting times in the determinate soybean cultivars, Shinpaldal and Danbaeg. Optimum planting were 23 May in 1995 and 1996. Late planting were 13 June in 1995 and 6 June in 1996. Growth period from planting to physiological maturity (R7) was shortened as planting time was delayed in two cultivars due to shortening of reproductive growth period in Shinpaldal, and of vegetative growth period in Danbaeg. Stem weight was distinctly decreased in late planting compared to optimum planting, but seed weight of both cultivars was not different between planting times. Also, seed number per pod and harvest index were significantly increased in late planting and the high correlation was found between two factors. It was suggested that increase of harvest index in late planting would be related with high assimilate use efficiency due to increase of sink capacity. The results of correlation and principal component analysis for yield determination factors showed that main factor on yield determination was pod number per plant at R5 stage associated with dry matter accumulation during early reproductive growth period, seed number per pod and harvest index were the second factor, and one hundred seed weight was the third factor. The result of this experiment indicated that yield determination in soy-bean was dependent mainly on pod number per plant related to dry matter accumulation by early reproductive growth period, and the increase of seed number per pod and harvest index could compensate for yield decrease by shortening of vegetative growth period in late planting. Such result suggests that optimum planting date can be delayed from mid May to early June in improved soybean cultivars in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of $70cm(row\;widtb)\;{\times}\;10cm$ (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately $37\%\;and\;53\%$, respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about $30\%\;and\;37\%$, respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering $(r\;=\;0.87^{**})$ and pod formation $(r\;=\;0.91^{**})$ stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at $R2\~R3$ growth stages compared to $R3\~R4\;or\;R4\~R5$ growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate $(P_N)$ of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, $P_N$ of the $7^{th}$ leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2010

본 연구는 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성 및 수량을 비교 분석할 뿐 아니라 논과 밭의 생육특성 및 수량도 비교 분석하고자 수행하였다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 출사일수는 4월 22일 파종기에 81일, 5월 20일 파종기에 70일, 6월10일 파종기에 62일로 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라출사일수는 짧아졌다. 논과 밭 간의 출사일수는 차이가 없었다. 논에서의 간장은 4월 22일 파종기와 5월 20일 파종기 간 차이는 없었으나 6월 10일 파종기에 간장이 급격히 줄어드는 결과를 나타내었다. 논과 밭 간의 간장은 차이가 없었다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 도복은 차이가 없었으나, 논과 밭 간의 도복은 차이가 있었다. 논에서 파종기에 따른 후기녹체성의 차이는 없었으며 논과 밭 간의 차이도 없었다. 논에서 파종기에 따른 암이삭 비율이 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 암이삭 비율이 낮아지는 경향이었다. 논과 밭 간의 암이삭 비율 차이는 없었다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생초수량은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 15%, 32% 감소하였다. 논과 밭 간의 생체수량은 차이가 없었다. 건물수량은 5월 20일 파종기가 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 9% 증가하였으나, 6월 10일 파종기는 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 24% 감소 하였다. 논의 건물수량이 밭에 비해 9% 감소하였다. TDN 수량은 5월 20일 파종기가 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 5% 증가하였으나, 6월 10일 파종기는 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 28% 감소하였다. 그리고 논의 TDN 수량은 밭에 비해 11% 감소하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2013

본 연구는 부산지역의 비가림하우스에서 오크라의 정식시기와 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 오크라의 품종은 '적오크라', '그린소드', '마루미짱', '베타화이브', '아카마루미짱' 등 5개 품종을 이용하여 6월과 7월에 정식을 실시하였다. 오크라의 초장과 절간장은 품종간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 6월에 정식한 처리구에서 오크라의 초장과 절간장은 '아카마루미짱' 품종에서 가장 길었으며, '베타화이브' 품종에서 가장 짧았다. 반면, 7월에 정식한 처리구에서는 품종 간에 생육의 차이가 없었다. 오크라 과실의 수량은 정식시기에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 오크라의 녹색 과실의 수량은 6월 정식에서 '베타화이브' 품종이 4,286kg/10a으로 가장 많았다. 또한, 녹색 오크라 품종은 6월 정식의 경우 '그린소드' 품종과 '베타화이브' 품종에서 수량성이 좋았으며, '마루미짱' 품종은 수량성이 낮았다. 따라서, 부산지역 비가림재배에서 정식시기는 6월 초순에 정식하는 것이 적합하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

경장이 뚜렷이 다른 검정콩 2계통에 대하여 트렉터 부착 세조파기를 이용한 조파시 재배시기 및 파종밀도 차이가 생육 및 수량특성에 미치는 영향을 검토코자 하였다. 공시품종은 중경종인 검정콩 001와 단경종인 수원 157호이었고, 파종은 5월 21일과 6월 19일에 트렉터 부착 세조파기를 이용하여 조파하였다. 파종밀도는 m$^2$당 8.3본(60$\times$20cm), 11.0본(60$\times$15cm), 16. 7본(60$\times$l0cm), 22. 0본(60$\times$7.5cm), 33.0본(60$\times$5cm)등 5처리를 두었다. 1. 수량 구성요소와 수량에서 중경종인 검정콩001는 적만파간 파종밀도 반응이 비슷한 경향이었으나 단경종인 수원157호는 적만파간 파종밀도 반응이 다르게 나타났다. 2. 생육, 수량구성요소 및 수량에서 파종기와 품종, 파종기와 파종밀도와의 상호작용은 대부분의 형질에서 유의성이 인정되었으나 품종과 파종밀도와의 상호작용은 유의성이 없었다. 3. 도복과 수량에서 검정콩001는 만파적응성이 $\lrcorner$높았고, 수원157호는 적파적응성이 높았다. 4. 재배시기와 파종밀도 차이에 따른 변이가 높은 형질은 경장, 분지수, 개체당 입수, 수량 등이였고 변이가 낮은 형질은 주경절수, 협당립수, 100립중 등이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2008

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Gamgug) has been examined to study their flowering habits, yields and bioactive compounds under different planting densities and mowing dates. The planting density experiment revealed a significantly increasing stem diameter, number of flowers and branches with decreasing plant density in the $100\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ and $130\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ treatments as compared to $70\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ treatments, but not plant height, leaf and flower width. On the other hand, the mowing date experiment showed that growth characteristics of plants were similar to the control plants (not mowing) and June 20 treatment, but July 20 treatments had significantly smaller than the control. The weights (g $plant^{-1}$) of dry flowers were affected by the planting density and mowing date. The flower yield of $586\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ obtained at $100\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ density was 11% and 22% higher than that of $120\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ and $70\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ treatments, respectively. The yield of dry flowers in the control and June 20 mowing date ranged $495-508\;kg\;ha^{-1}$, which is 40-42% higher than the yield in the July 20 treatments. The amount of essential oil (g $plant^{-1}$) in medically valuable flowerheads of C. indicum L. was statistically different between mowing dates but not among planting densities. The study showed that planting density and the mowing date could increase yields of flowerheads. An optimum planting density of $100\;cm{\times}30\;cm$ and mowing date of on or before June 20 is recommended for C. indicum L.