• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 1990

We have experienced 62 cases of modified Fontan operations in Seoul Nat’l University Hospital from Apr. 1986 to Jul. 1989, They were 38 males and 24 females, and their age was ranged from 16 months to 15.5 years of age. [mean age : 5.73$\pm$2.99 years] There were 16 operative deaths and 2 late deaths, therefore 29% of overall mortality. Their diagnoses were as follows; 28 single ventricle, 11 tricuspid atresia, 6 DORV with LV hypoplasia, 3 pulmonary atresia with hypoplastic RV, 3 TGA with hypoplastic RV, 3 cor\ulcornerGA with hypoplastic LV and PA, 6 AV canal defects with PA, and 2 others. Low cardiac output and pleural effusion were developed frequently, so we divide 40 patients into some groups to analyze the physiologic and anatomic causes of them. By the degree of the LCO, group A was no LCO[mean amount of inotropics used: 0-5 \ulcornerg/kg/min] with 17 cases, B mild LCO [5-10] with 11, C moderate to severe LCO but alive[>10] with 8, D severe LCO to death with 4 cases. For the pleural effusion, group 1 was to be removed the chest tube within 1 week with 8 cases, group II within 3 weeks with 21 cases, group III beyond 3 weeks with 12 cases. We considered their age, diagnosis, pulmonary artery size[PA index], pulmonary artery abnormality, palliative shunt, systemic ventricular type, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, as preoperative factors, and operative methods, and as postoperative factors, CVP, LAP, arrhythmia, thrombosis, atrioventricular valvular insufficiency, etc. In the view of LCO, pulmonary artery size and PCWP were statistically significant [P<0.05], and arrhythmia, A-V valve insufficiency were inclined to the group C and D Pleural effusion was influenced by the pulmonary artery size, pulmonary artery resistance, PCWP, and CVP significantly. [P<0.05] And arrhythmia, residual shunt, and A-V valvular insufficiency were inclined to group II and III, too. As a results, the followings are to be reminded as the important factors at the care of post-Fontan LCO, and persistent pleural effusion [1] pulmonary artery size, [2] pulmonary artery resistance, [3] PCWP, [4] CVP, [5] arrhythmia, [6] residual shunt, [7]A-V valvular insufficiency.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권2호통권20호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2007

Background and Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate that which symptoms are adequate indicator of the Dampness-Phlegm pattern in the stroke patients. Methods : In the time period Jul. 2005 to Sep. 2006, 136 patients with a first-ever stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital in Daejeon city, Wonkwang Oriental Medical Hospital in Iksan, JeonJu city were included. Patients were hospitalized within 3 months after the onset of stroke. Stroke patients had been interviewed by resident who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. Gi-deficiency patients was confirmed by medical specialist diagnosis, resident diagnosis, case report form analysis without a dissenting voice. Results : Dampness-Phlegm group included 37 case, Non Dampness-Phlegm group 45 case out of 136 patients. white tongue coating, slippery purse, yellowish complexion, enlarged tongue, swollen tongue were higher among Dampness-Phlegm group. Dampness-Phlegm and Non Dampness-Phlegm patients do not significantly differ in heavy sensation in the head, voice with sputum, teeth printed tongue, borborygmus, dizziness with nausea. Conclusions : This study was insufficiency because sample size is very small. More data from prospective cohort studies will help to Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for the Stroke.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

낙동강은 하구의 수문 개방 시 연간 수천 톤의 쓰레기가 남해로 유입되어 인근 연안을 이동하며 사회 경제적 피해를 유발하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 낙동강 유출 부유쓰레기의 거동 특성을 파악하기 위해 2012년 장마, 태풍 내습 시를 대상으로 피해지로 추정되는 거제도 북동측 해안 1개소에 대한 조사와 부이를 활용한 이동 경로 추적 시험을 수행하였다. 또한, 해양기상 환경에 대한 분석을 통해 부유쓰레기의 이동과 관련된 흐름을 파악하였다. 연구 결과 장마 시기인 7월 16일 초목류를 비롯한 총 40톤 정도의 쓰레기가 흥남해수욕장으로 유입되었다. 또한 9월 14일 태풍 '산바' 내습 시기에 투하된 위치 추적 부이는 가덕도 남쪽 해상을 지나 1 ~ 2일 후 거제도 해안가로 유입되는 결과를 보여주었다. 부유쓰레기와 위치 추적 부이가 거제도 북동측 해안가로 유입될 당시 거제 해역에서 북동풍계열의 풍향이 지배적이었으며 연안으로 유입되는 공통적인 해수 표층 흐름이 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2013

The frequency of a power system should be kept within limits to produce high-quality electricity. For a power system with a high penetration of wind generators (WGs), difficulties might arise in maintaining the frequency, because modern variable speed WGs operate based on the maximum power point tracking control scheme. On the other hand, the wind speed that arrives at a downstream WG is decreased after having passed one WG due to the wake effect. The rotor speed of each WG may be different from others. This paper proposes an algorithm for assigning the droop of each WG in a wind power plant (WPP) based on the rotor speed for the virtual inertial control considering the wake effect. It assumes that each WG in the WPP has two auxiliary loops for the virtual inertial control, i.e. the frequency deviation loop and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) loop. To release more kinetic energy, the proposed algorithm assigns the droop of each WG, which is the gain of the frequency deviation loop, depending on the rotor speed of each WG, while the gains for the ROCOF loop of all WGs are set to be equal. The performance of the algorithm is investigated for a model system with five synchronous generators and a WPP, which consists of 15 doubly-fed induction generators, by varying the wind direction as well as the wind speed. The results clearly indicate that the algorithm successfully reduces the frequency nadir as a WG with high wind speed releases more kinetic energy for the virtual inertial control. The algorithm might help maximize the contribution of the WPP to the frequency support.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2008

제주도의 물관리나 지하수 함양량 산정에 있어서 직접유출량 평가는 유용하게 사용되어 진다. 외도천 유역의 상류지역인 천아계곡과 하류지점에서의 장기 수위관측자료를 이용하여 유출빈도를 분석한 결과, 년간 발생하는 유출 발생빈도는 천아계곡에서는 약 21회, 외도천 하류에서 약 12회였다. 유출지속시간을 고려하면 년간 유출을 관측할 수 있는 기간이 천아계곡에서는 21일, 외도천 하류에서는 12일 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 교차상관분석에 의하여 강우에 대한 수위반응은 약 4시간인 것으로 분석되었으며, 유출이 발생했을 때 천아계곡으로부터 외도천 하류지점까지 수위 전파시간은 약 2시간이었다. 외도천 하류지점에서 유량측정결과, 상시 유출량은 평균 0.39 $m^3$/sec였으며, 기저유출과(직접) 유출량을 평가하기 위해 수위-유량곡선을 개발하였고, 개발된 수위-유량곡선을 이용하여 수위를 시간에 따른 총유출량으로 산정하였다. 수치필터링기법에 의한 총유출량을 기저유출량과 직접유출량으로 분리 낸 결과, 년간 총 하천유량 중 31.8${\sim}$36.5% 정도를 직접유출이 기여하고 있으며 63.5${\sim}$68.2% 정도는 기저 유출이 기여하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5621-5627
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• 2014

라섹 수술 방법을 결정하기 위한 기준을 상세화하고자 고식적인 라섹 수술 전과 후의 고위수차에 영향을 미치는 결정변수들을 분석하였다. 2011년 11월부터 2012년 7월까지 고식적 라섹 수술을 한 대상자 중 수술한지 2개월 후 고위수차검사가 가능한 51명(102안)을 대상으로 하였다. 고위수차는 수술 전 $0.341{\mu}m$에서 수술 후 $0.538{\mu}m$로 증가하였다. 선형회귀분석에서 수술 후의 고위수차 변동에 영향을 미치는 수술 전의 굴절성분은 설명력 크기순으로 각막난시 $J_0$ 성분이 0.400, 굴절성난시 $J_0$ 성분이 0.389, 각막난시량이 0.282, 구면렌즈대응치가 0.239, 굴절성난시량이 0.213, 동공크기가 0.194였다. 다중회귀분석에서 수술 후의 고위수차와 통계적으로 의미가 있는 변수는 각막난시 $J_0$ 성분, 동공크기, 구면렌즈대응치였다. 따라서 개인에게 적합한 수술 방법 결정을 위해서는 고위수차와 더불어 파워벡터분석에 의한 각막난시도 함께 고려하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2013

The realtime monitoring of radon ($^{222}Rn$) concentrations has been carried out from Gosan site, Jeju Island for three years of 2006~2008, in order to evaluate the background level and timely variational characteristics of atmospheric radon. The mean concentration of radon measured during the studying period was $2965mBq/m^3$ with its annual mean values in the range of $2768{\sim}3124mBq/m^3$. The relative ordering of the seasonal mean concentrations was seemed to vary such as winter ($3578mBq/m^3$) > fall ($3351mBq/m^3$) > spring ($2832mBq/m^3$) > summer ($2073mBq/m^3$). The monthly mean concentrations were in the order of Jan>Feb>Oct>Nov>Dec>Mar> Sep>Apr>May>Jun>Aug>Jul, so that the highest January value ($3713mBq/m^3$) exceeded almost twice as the July minimum ($1946mBq/m^3$). The hourly concentrations in a day showed the highest level ($3356mBq/m^3$) at around 7 a.m., increasing during nighttime, while reaching the lowest ($2574mBq/m^3$) at around 3 p.m. From the backward trajectory analysis for a continental fetch of radon, the high concentrations (10%) of radon matched with the air mass moving from the Asia continent to Jeju area. In contrast, the low concentrations (10%) of radon were generally correlated with the air mass of the North Pacific Ocean. In comparison by sectional inflow pathways of air mass, the radon concentrations were relatively high from the north China and the Korean peninsula.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to understand the differences between Sasang constitutional types and to identify the physical symptoms presentation specific to each Sasang constitutional type. 2. Methods: In this descriptive study, 2,629 subjects (1,061 Taeeum-type, 683 Soeum-type, 885 Soyang-type) were surveyed between Nov 1, 2007 and Jul 31, 2010. The subjective symptoms experienced by the subjects were collected using a Physical Symptoms questionnaire, and the subjects were interviewed by Sasang specialists who determined the subjects' constitutional type. The data (in crude number and percentage) was analyzed on the general characteristics, Sasang constitutional type, and physical symptoms using the SPSS 17.0 software. The symptomatic presentation in men and women were analyzed on Sasang constitutional distribution using the chi-square test. 3. Results: 1) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type were as follows: 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'lingering fatigue after sleep', 'headache', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration' and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type; and 'excessive forgetfulness' in the Soyang type. 2) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in men were as follows: 'Unilateral or bilateral headaches, 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'common cold symptoms presenting as rhinorrhea or nasal congestion', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 3) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in women were as follows: 'common cold symptoms presenting as headaches', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'pain in knees', 'redness of eyes', 'dryness of mouth', 'common cold symptoms presenting as coughing', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration', 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 4. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical symptoms present in constitutional type-specific patterns. Understanding of the personal Sasang constitutional type and systematic, personalized healthcare based on constitutional typology is anticipated to contribute to improved health management strategy.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.130-145
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this work is the approaching of properties-flavours theory and the making of morphological standard in Artemisiae herba. Methods : The properties-flavours theory were attempted with bibliographic method and various climate-information. The external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Conclusions : The following is a list the conclusion of the approaching of properties-flavours theory and how to make the standard of morphological standard in artemisiae herba. 1. The significant analysis for the artemisiae herba as the properties-flavours theory, is a follow-up survey of the effect written in the official oriental medicine book 2. The other analytic methods according to the gathering time, processing or storing system or especially nature or growth environment(altitude, temperature,. the mean moisture, and the agronomical survey) by way of the explanation of properties-flavours theory appears so many insufficiency at the many cases. 3. In the case of artemisiae herba., there are 2 cases(Artemisia capillaris $T_{HUNB}$ and A. iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$) in current and recently A. aruwa L. is substituted for artemisiae herba in circulation. 4. The external and internal characteristics according to the shape of original plant or herbal states, entirely correspond to all the official oriental medicine boo 5. According to the place of productiot the difference appeals. (1) A. capillatis $T_{HUNB}$. has leaves like a fine thread, and A. iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$ has big and wide leaves, and shows some reddish color, and A. aruwa L. has narrow leaves, its section lines long vertically. (2) In the internal shapes, as the A. capillatis $T_{HUNB}$. leaves', upper epidermal cell wall shows relatively straight form, its all upper- lower epidemical cell wall has a stoma, and calcium rosette crystal is relatively few. As iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$, all upper- lower epidermal cell wall is wavelike concave, and hypodermics has many stoma and many calcium rosette crystal. (3) In the internal shapes of A. aruwa L. the shape of leaves' epidermal cell is irregular and has so many non-glandular hair nad glandular hair on its surface.