• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.426.1-426.1
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• 2016

We report high work function Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) films as insertion layer as a function of O2 flow rate between transparent conducting oxides (TCO) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx:H) layer to improve open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) for high efficiency thin film solar cell. However, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells exhibit poor fill factors due to a Schottky barrier like impedance at the interface between a-SiOx:H windows and TCO. The impedance is caused by an increasing mismatch between the work function of TCO and that of p-type a-SiOx:H. In this study, we report on the silicon thin film solar cell by using as insertion layer of O2 reactive AZO films between TCO and p-type a-SiOx:H. Significant efficiency enhancement was demonstrated by using high work-function layers (4.95 eV at O2=2 sccm) for engineering the work function at the key interfaces to raise FF as well as Voc. Therefore, we can be obtained the conversion efficiency of 7 % at 13mA/cm2 of the current density (Jsc) and 63.35 % of FF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2015

Industrial crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with using a screen printing technology share the global market over 90% and they will continue to be the same for at least the next decade. It seems that the $2^{nd}$ generation and the $3^{rd}$ generation technologies have not yet demonstrated competitiveness in terms of performance and cost. In 2014, new world record efficiency 25.6% (Area-$143.7cm^2$, Voc-0.740V, $Jsc-41.8mA/cm^2$, FF-0.827) was announced from Panasonic and its cell structure is Back Contact $HIT^*$ c-Si solar cell. Here, amorphous silicon passivated contacts were newly applied to back contact solar cell. On the other hand, 24.9% $TOPCon^{**}$ cell was announced from Fraunhofer ISE and its key technology is an excellent passivation quality applying tunnel oxide (<2 nm) between metal and silicon or emitter and base. As a result, to realize high efficiency, high functional technologies are quite required to overcome a theoretical limitation of c-Si solar cell efficiency. In this presentation, Si solar cell technology summarized in the International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics ($^{***}ITRPV$ 2014) is introduced, and the present status of R&D associated with various c-Si solar cell technologies will be reviewed. In addition, national R&D projects of c-Si solar cells to be performed by Korea University are shown briefly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.249.2-249.2
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• 2015

Connecting two or more sub-cells is a simple and effective way of improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, and the theoretical efficiency of this tandem cell is known to reach 85~88% of the sum of the sub-cell's efficiencies. There are two ways of connecting sub-cells in the tandem structure, i.e. parallel and series connection. The parallel connection can increase the short circuit current (Jsc) and the series connection can increase the open circuit voltage (Voc). Although various tandem structures have been studied, the full use of incident light and optimization of cell efficiency is still limited. In this work, we designed series tandem solar cells consisting of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots/zinc oxide-based QDSC and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60-based small molecule OSCs. It is expected that the loss of the incident light is minimized because the absorption range of the PbS quantum dots and ZnPc is significantly different, and the Voc increases according to the Kirchhoff's law.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.168-171
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• 2005

Thickness optimization of heavily doped p-type seeding layer was studied to improve performance of thin film silicon solar cell. We used liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) to grow active layer of $25{\MU}m$ thickness on p+ seeding layer. The cells with p+ seeding layer of $10{\mu}m\;to\;50{\mu}m$ thickness were fabricated. The highest efficiency of a cell is $12.95\%$, with Voc=633mV, $Jsc=26.5mA/cm^2,\;FF=77.15\%$. The $P^+$ seeding layer of the cell is $20{\mu}m$, thick. As thicker seeding layer than $20{\mu}m$, the performance of the cell was degraded. The results demonstrate that the part of the recombination current is due to the heavily doped seeding layer. Thickness of heavily doped p-type seeding layer was optimized to $20{\mu}m$. The performance of solar cell is expected to improve with the incorporation of light trapping as texturing and AR coating.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.374-377
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• 2008

비정질 Si박막 태양전지의 후면 반사층을 위한 ZnO:Al TCO박막을 RF Magnetron Sputtering 방법으로 증착하였으며 이의 전기적, 광학적 특성 및 구조를 최적화하였다. Sputtering의 공정변수인 증착 RF 파워, 기판온도, 타겟-기판 거리, 증착압력을 변화시켜 ZnO:Al 단일막의 전기적, 광학적 특성을 최적화 하였고,이를 소면적 태양전지 셀 및 모듈에 적용하였다.그 중 증착 RF파워 및 압력이 단일막의 전기적,광학적 특성에 타겟-기판거리는 박막의 균일도에 큰 영향을 주었다. 압력에 따른 박막의 치밀도를 SE EMA방법으로 정량화하였고, 광학적, 전기적 특성과 연관하여 해석하였다. ZnO:Al 박막의 물성을 최적화하여 태양전지 셀에 적용한 결과 두께 80nm에서 가장 큰 Jsc의 증가를 보였고, 적용 전에 비해 약 18%의 광변환효율의 증가를 얻었다. 최적화된 태양전지 셀의 광변환효율은 9.9%, 모듈 효율은 7.4%였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1714-1715
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• 2011

In this work, highly conductive organic solvent-based polyaniline(PANI) was used as an anode in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) based on poly - (3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6] - phenyl - C60 - butyricacid methyl ester (P3HT : PCBM). The transmittance of the used PANI film were 87.67% and 86.57% at 550nm, and its sheet resistance were 454 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$ and 298 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$. We fabricated ITO-free OPV cells using PANI as an anode, which exhibited an external power conversion efficiency of 2.28% with a result of Jsc of 6.922mA/cm2, Voc of 0.6093V, and FF of 54.10% under an illumination of air mass(AM) 1.5G (100mW/$cm^2$). We used ink-jet printing to deposit buffer layer and active layer on a glass substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.620-625
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• 2012

The sol-gel method has been widely used to synthesize the $TiO_2$ for dye sensitized solar cells and has advantages of easily fabrication process, controlling the $TiO_2$ phase and getting transparent thin-film composed of the $TiO_2$. In this paper, we synthesized the crystalline $TiO_2$ by sol-gel method controlled by the quantity ratio of Nitric acid and Ammonium hydroxide additives. The best efficiency result was obtained by 0.05 M Ammonium hydroxide and that results of Voc, Jsc, FF, and efficiency were 0.68 V, 3.28 mA/$cm_2$, 58.14 and 5.21%, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.85-87
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• 2009

Despite the success of $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) based PV technology now emerging in several industrial initiatives, concerns about the cost of In and Ga are often expressed. It is believed that the cost of those elements will eventually limit the cost reduction of this technology. one candidate to replace CIGS is $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ (CZTSe), fabricated by co-evaporation technique. Effects of substrate temperature of $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ absorber layer on the performance of thin films solar cells were investigated. As substrate temperature increased, the grain size of $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ films increased presumably. At a optimal condition of substrate temperature is $320^{\circ}C$, the solar cell shows a conversion efficiency of 1.79% with $V_{OC}$ of 0.213V, JSC of $16.91mA/cm^2$ and FF of 49.7%.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2018

Purpose - This study aims to identify of prospective areas for the formation of information and high technology clusters, and propose the new distribution of Kazakhstan's regions according to the innovative development and the ability to perceive IT products. Research design, data, and methodology - The application of scientific methods in this research will allow to systematize the available data, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. In addition, the authors proposed methodological approaches, which have a three-tiered gradation: macro-level, meso-level and micro-level. Results - This study confirms the importance of using of proposed methods and its application for real data in order to the formation of IT and high technology clusters. Further, the obtained results allowed identifying of the distribution of Kazakhstan's regions by innovative development and specialization with using of HHI indexes. Conclusions - According to the results of this theoretical and empirical study proved that distribution of the regions of Kazakhstan and results of HHI indexes shows the power of the agglomeration effect. In addition, according to the conducted survey, we conclude that in Kazakhstan there are sufficient organizational and economic opportunities, trends and conditions for the formation of IT and high technology clusters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.109-109
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• 2006

Screen printing (SP) metal contact is typically applied to the solar cells for mass production. However, SP metal contact has low aspect ratio, low accuracy, hard control of the substrate penetration and unclean process. On the other hand, photo lithograpy (PL) metal contact can reduce defects by metal contact. In this investigation, PL metal contact was obtained the multi-layer structure of Ti/Pd/Ag by e-beam process. We applied SP metal contact and PL metal contact to single crystalline silicon solar cells, and demonstrated the difference of conversion efficiency. Because PL metal contact silicon solar cell has Jsc (short circuit current density) better than silicon solar cell applied SP metal contact.