• Strategy21
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• s.32
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• pp.71-96
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• 2013

Not much research has focused on the combat history of the Manchu invasion of Korea. In particular, the role of the navy has not been properly examined. However, the naval forces of the Joseon Dynasty were critical to the military strategies adopted by the leaders of Joseon and the courts of the Ming and Later Jin dynasties. Therefore, by investigating the role of Joseon's navy, we can establish a better understanding of the dynamic situation in East Asia during this period. This paper traces the specific naval strategies of Joseon and also looks at the parts played by the Ming and Later Jin dynasties, based on their historical records. The main part of this paper consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 will uncover the reputation and the actual military strategies of Joseon's naval forces during this period. Chapter 2 will discuss the military strategies devised by the Ming and Later Jin courts as a reaction to each other and to Joseon's naval power. Last, Chapter 3 will examine how the naval forces of Joseon and Qing collided at Ganghwa Island in January 1637 and afterward Qing's requisition of Joseon's navy in its fight against the Ming. In conclusion, when Joseon's naval forces were strong enough to protect Joseon, they maintained the military status quo in East Asia. However, when their strength was superseded by that of the Later Jin's naval forces in a very short time, Joseon was forced to experience the worst humiliation in its history and East Asia to undergo a violent upheaval, the replacement of Ming by the Manchu/Qing dynasty.

• The Journal of Korean-Japanese National Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.1-43
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• 2011

This article introduces Abe Mituie's activities related to Korean and Japanese Buddhism and two newly discovered materials. He worked as a brain of Japanese cultural rule over Joseon Korea while holding various positions such as the president of KyeongSung Il Bo, the vice president of Kokmin Newspaper and the director of Central Joseon Association. Abe was responsible for Enkak Temple, the head temple of Japanese Rinzai section, and was one of the layman followers of Syak Soen who worked for the spread of modern Japanese Buddhism to Europe and America. He was a respectful Buddhist layman so as to teach Zen Buddhism for young Buddhist monks in Japan. After he started to assume charge in the Kyeong Sung Il Bo, he was also very active in movements in relation to Joseon Buddhism to the extent that he was found to be deeply involved in Joseon Buddhism sections. On the other hand, he concluded Joseon culture to be 'devastated.' He asserted that it was necessary to develop spiritual culture and revive Buddhism in order to resolve the devastation in the Joseon. In addition, he thought that Joseon Buddhism was ruined due to the misgovernment of the Joseon Dynasty, but had its own as great tradition as Japanese Buddhism. Therefore, in his opinion, there was a need to do research on Joseon Buddhism and find some way out of the contemporary difficulties. In order to save the situation, he made efforts to protect and revive Joseon Buddhism while paying continuous visits to Joseon Buddhist temples, supporting the publication of Buddhist canons and proposing to have a regular meeting of 'The Invitation of 30 Head Temples.' From his visit to Youngju Temple and his consistent relationship with Kang Daeryeon, it can be assumed that he was involved in reorganizing power structure in Joseon Buddhism and establishing various institutions. He emphasized the strict adherence of individuals and communities to rules in his lecture for students at Jung Ang Hak Rim. It was a way to revive Joseon Buddhism by creating a new social image of Joseon Buddhism. He continued to work for the restoration of Joseon Buddhism even after he retired from Kyeong Sung Il Bo and returned to Japan. He introduced the originality of Joseon Buddhism history to Japan and sent Japanese monks to Korea in order to do research and contribute to exchange between Korean and Japanese Buddhism. All things taken together, it is evident that Abe Mitzihe regarded Joseon as backward or stagnant from a perspective of evolutionist or orientalist, and was a Japanese elite to believe that it was just for Japan to control Korea. However, he was different from other Japanese elites in that he did not considered Joseon Buddhism merely as the object of propagation. He thought that Joseon Buddhism possessed its own great tradition and culture, but was ruined because of the misadministration of the Joseon Royal House. Therefore, in his opinion, Joseon Buddhism should be recovered by means of some supports, and its revival would lead to the restoration of Joseon culture as a whole, which would be realized by Japanese rule over Korea and Japanese elites' generous assistance.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.197-216
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• 2014

This paper examines A. G. Frank's views about 15th-19th Korea (Joseon Dynasty) in his Reorient. A. G. Frank recognized that Korea might have played a great role in the international relations of East Asia, but he did not write systematically about it and he did not treat Korea as an independent player in the history of East Asia. I think the greatest limitation to his re-interpretation of East Asia is in that he depends too much on China's and Japan's perspective. In order to overcome Frank's shortcomings regarding the history of Korea, first I examine what Frank recognized about the Joseon dynasty between 1400 and 1800. Next I compare Joseon's development to that of China and Japan between 1400 and 1800. Frank compared Europe and East Asia (mainly China and Japan) from three aspects of quantities (population, production, productivity, and trade), qualities (science and technology), and mechanism (economic and financial institutions). With this research we insist that Joseon should not be dismissed in 15th-19th East Asia. The reasons are as follows. First, Joseon between 1400 and 1800 had developed economically as much as China and Japan. Second, Joseon had played a great role in connecting China and Japan and had a positive influence on the development of Japan. So we need to reappraise Reorient's view about East Asia. Only when role of Joseon can be correctly estimated, the dynamics and diversity of East Asia can be properly understood.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-143
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• 2006

Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun(萬病回春) is a representative writing of Gong Zhongxian. It was generally used by Koreans in Joseon(朝鮮) era and issued many times in the latter period of Joseon dynasty. We investigated the Jeung-Bo-Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun (增補萬病回春, An enlarged edition of the Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun), which is published in the 17th century, coming to a conclusion like the followings. 1. In Joseon(朝鮮), there was the J eung-Bo-Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun which was made through revision and enlargement of the Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun written by Gong Zhongxian of China. 2. There are two versions of the Jeung-Bo-Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun pressed in Joseon, which are written by Kim Yuk(金堉) in 1656 and by Kim Seok-ju(金錫胄) in 1679. 3. The representative medical books of Joseon such as Eui-Rim-Chual-Yo-Sok-J ip (醫林撮要續集), Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam (東醫寶鑑), J e-Jung-Sin-Pyeon(濟衆新編) contained quotations from the J eung-Bo-Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun(增補萬病回春), not from the Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun (萬病回春). 4. The Jeung-Bo-Man-Byeong-Hoi-Chun(增補萬病回春) contained not only the essence of the Chinese medicine but also new medical systems reflecting actual circumstances of Joseon at that time. So, it can be recognized as the foundation of the Joseon medicine in the latter period of the dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.75-94
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• 2019

The Joseon Tongsinsa Festival has been held annually in May in Busan. It reenacts the procession of the Joseon Tongsinsa that the Joseon Government delegated to Japan four times in the 18th century. In the most important situation during the meandering period, three envoys (Jeongsa, Busa, Jongsagwan) who led the Joseon Tongsinsa, wore Jobok, but at the Joseon Tongsinsa Festival, the three envoys are wearing Jobok, which are not historically accurate. The Jobok called Geumgwan Jobok and were comprised of Yanggwan, Eui, Sang, Jungdan, Peasul, Su, Pumdae, Daedae, Paeok, Hall, Mal, and Hwa. These were ranked from first class to ninth class by personal ornamentation such as Yanggwan, Su, Pumdae, Paeok. So, this study is focused on ascertaining the Jobok of the 18th century for the three envoys who were ranked third grade. This study is based on literature, artifacts, and portraits that can depict the 18th century Jobok including all components. It was based on The 7th Korean Human Body Survey Final Report (2015) in order to produce all components of the Jobok of the modern males in their 50s who are playing the role of the three envoys in the Joseon Tongsinsa Festival.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.73-113
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• 2022

In this paper we survey on the geometric development in the history of Joseon mathematics. We have relatively many research papers on the history of equations in Joseon but the history of geometry is limited to that of trigonometry (gugosul). We survey on the results on the whole geometry including the introduction of western geometry in Joseon. Joseon mathematics developed differently during several different periods. We investigate how geometric theories developed during those periods and the meaning behind them. We do not claim that our survey is anywhere close to a complete one. This is rather a preliminary attempt to collect research results to plan our research following those of our predecessors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.707-709
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• 2022

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is a librarian that compiled the history of the Joseon Dynasty for 472 years, from Taejo to Cheoljong. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, National Treasure No. 151, are important documented heritages, but they are difficult to analyze due to their vast content. Therefore, rather than analyzing all the contents of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is necessary to extract and analyze important words. In this paper, we propose a method of extracting words from the main body of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty through web crawling and analyzing the translated texts of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty based on the data sorted according to the frequency of words. In this study, only the part of King Sejong of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty was extracted and the importance was analyzed according to the frequency of words.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The late Goryeo and Early Joseon period marks the development of Hyang-yak medicine in medical history in Korea. There have been not a few outcomes in organizing Hyang-yak medicine through the hitherto research works, but there has hardly any attempt to view the medicine in the late Goryeo and Early Joseon period from a different standpoint besides Hyang-yak. This writer, in the middle of doing research on 'Book for Alimentotherapy' named "Sikuisikgam", came to know that not a few parts of this book were quoted in a large volume of "Biebaekyobang" in the late Goryeo, "Hyangyakjipseongbang" which compiled the early Joseon Hyangyak medicine, "Uibangyuchi" which wrapped up the medical knowledge in East Asia before the early Ming Dynasty, and "Sikryochangyo" which was a representative book for alimentotherapy in the early period of Joseon Dynasty. The reason that the representative medical books written in the period of Late Goryeo and Early Joseon thought much of the knowledge contained in "Sikuisikgam" is that they showed a great concern for prevention and treatment of diseases through alimentotherapy. When we say that Hyangyak medicine, which has provided the Late Goryeo and Early Joseon medicine, bases its standard on 'Regionality' and 'Properties of Medicinal ingredients', then alimentotherapy puts its focus on a 'Remedial method' itself. As for food, they might have given priority to the food that was easy to get nearby, so there is no way for alimentotherapy but to have the realm which is overlapped with Hyangyak medicine in some measure, That's the very reason why alimentotherapy has remained inseparate from Hyangyak medicine. Through 'Alimentotherapy' and Late Goryeo and Early Joseon medical books, this writer thinks that it might be possible for us to take a view of the Late Goryeo and Early Joseon not only from the perspective of Hyangyak medicine but also from a new perspective of so-called alimentotherapy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 2017

Previous paleoparasitological studies of Joseon specimens established that the prevalence of Taenia infection was not much different from that of the early 20th century Korean population. As many of taeniases originally diagnosed as Taenia saginata in South Korea were revealed to be actually Taenia asiatica, which share a common intermediate host with T. solium (the pig), Joseon people must have ingested raw pork frequently. However, the current examination of extant Joseon documents revealed that the population ate significant amounts of beef even if the beef ban was enforced; and pork was not consumed as much as we thought. Considering the meat consumption pattern at that time, Joseon people should have been infected by T. saginata more frequently than T. asiatica. This may suggest a low prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes in cattle compared to that of T. asiatica metacestodes in pigs, possibly due to the traditional way of rearing pigs (using human feces). This letter gives us a chance to reconsider the existing preconception about parasitic infections in Korean history though we are still hard to accurately estimate the historical patterns of taeniases at this stage.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2015

This study is a review on the relationship between furniture purchasers and producers in the Joseon period. Understanding the relationships in our traditional spirit and the Joseon furniture that reflects a aesthetic sense is a meaningful work. Joseon was to build an ideal country which put emphasis on the order and harmony through Theory of 'Yeak' as the confucianism nation. Human aesthetics, which emphasis on the spiritual value by confirmity to nature and forcus on the relaxed, deficient personality rather than completeness was established as the central formative consciousness of the Joseon Dynasty. The nature of things in the confucian scholar prior to the representations of things is expressed in the form of master craftsman's skill and soul. Formative consciousness of the confucian scholar is to realize ideals by communciation and interchange with master craftsman's soul in the form of the Joseon furniture. The beauty of restraint and brevity in the Joseon Dynasty furniture includes meanings and procedures of art work. It implies an orderer's purpose of production and a producer's products. Understanding the spirit of times in the production becomes the cornerstone capable of getting closer to the furniture ultimate proper function. These problems have a very close relationship with the problems of modern people's commnuication. We expect an even higher growth of the furniture by achieving more improved communication based on the consumer's great insight and the producer's passion.