• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy on stress in adults. Methods : The study design was a double blind, randomized, single center clinical trial. A total of 30 volunteers who were highly stressed and were over 9 points on POMS(profile of mood states) participated in this study. Inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy were applicate for the experimental group and Jojoba oil inhalation and spa therapy was given for the control group. During the 2 weeks, the participants were treated about inhalation and spa therapy twice a week. The treatment sequence is spa therapy after inhalation therapy. Result : The improvement of stress was evaluated by POMS, HRV(Heart Rate Variability), EEG(Electroencephalography), PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), salivary cortisol. After treatment, POMS was significantly decreased between the experimental group and the control group. In other measurement(HRV, EEG, PSQI, salivary cortisol) except POMS, there were not significant. Overall, however, they showed a tendency to alleviate stress in the experimental group. Conclusions : We suggest that inhalation therapy using Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa blended oil and spa therapy might be effective on stress.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

This research applied Aromatherapy Foot Massage on Community elders and examined its effects on their chronic pain, sleep. The study subjects were 43 female elders in the community of including 22people for the experimental group and 21 for the control group. The aromatherapy was carried out 6times for 2weeks to the experimental group, 3times a week and 10minutes per session. The components of aroma essential oil included Chamomile roman, Lavender, Marjoram sweet, and Orange sweet that were diluted 20% into 100mL of Jojoba oil which was the carrier oil. The results, the experimental group that participated in the aromatherapy improved in chronic pain, quality of sleep, and the number of urination during sleep decreased compared to the control group. The research results demonstrated that due to the aroma foot massage, chronic pain decreased, sleep improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.3 s.3
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

This is a research on the effect of formula containing of vitamin A and vitamin E(Frie of oil, Wlter Bouhon GmBH, Germany) on the strech mark. The participants of this study were 20 women at the age of early 20s through middle 20s, who had strech marks that had been over 1 year at the minimum and at less than 5 years at the maximum. Formula containing of vitamin A and vitamin E was applied with typical massage to strech marks for 4 months and twice per day. Improvement resulting from the application was evaluated through observation with the naked eye, questionnaire survey, and the equipment used was DermaScan C Ver3(Cortex Technology, Denmark). The experiment showed that parts cared with formula containing of vitamin A and vitamin E had less strech marks than those control site(treated with jojoba oil).In around 2 months since the use of the formula containing of vitamin A and vitamin E, the tensile of the skin increased and deep wrinkles on the chapped surface became unclear, and in around 4 months the tensile force again decreased and the resilience of the skin increased, and the ultrasonic image showed the decrease of echo pore-zone, which indicates the degree of tissue damage. According to the result of the questionnaire survey, strech marks of less than red strech marks of primary stage were improved more quickly than white strech marks and all participants appeared to experience improvement. The result shows that if this formula is used continuously over 4 months, it reduces strech marks and increase the resilience of the skin. It is considered necessary to continue objective measuring and research concerning strech marks.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aroma hand massage and hand massage on sleep disturbance and depression in hospitalized elderly patients. The study was performed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by using questionnaires and the measured values from 1 June to 31 August, 2006. The subjects who were admitted to the B Medical Center Hospital in Busan. A total of 40 subjects were selected : 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The aroma hand massage was administered to the experimental group, and hand massage was given to the control group. The experimental group were applied the aroma hand massage executed by methods such as effleurage, circling, pressing, etc. to both hands using a solution diluting six drops of lavender oil, and bergamot oil, 3% in jojoba oil 20 cc. In the experimental group, aroma hand massage was given for 10 minutes, three times a week, during 2 weeks. The control group receiving the hand massage was given the massage for 10 minutes every two days for 2 weeks. The result of the study are as follows : 1) The first hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a higher degree of sleep score than the control group" was supported(F=31.798, p=p<0.001). 2) The second hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a lower degree of depression score than the control group" was supported(F=21.743, p<0.001). Aroma hand massage is an effective nursing intervention for decreased sleep disturbance and depression. Therefore, aroma hand massage by nursing intervention is strongly recommended for improving psychological and physiological functions in hospitalized elderly patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.44-52
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect on Brain Quotient from inhalation of blended oils. The subjects of the study were 64 people aged 20 to 59 years, with 32 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. Blended oil with six aromas (Lavender, Bergamot, Mandarin, Lemon, Cedarwood, Roman Chamomile) was given to the experimental group, and Jojoba oil was given to the control group, for 30 minutes. Before and after the experiment, BQ tests (SRQ, BRQ, ATQ, ACQ, EQ, ASQ, CQ, and BQ) from the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed using a brain-training machine (NeuroHarmony S). There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in three out of the eight tests analyzed ATQ (p<.05), ACQ (p<.05), BQ (p<.05). In other words, aromatherapy improves concentration and memory by increasing attention, and helps to maintain mental activity, thinking ability, and behavioral balance. BQ also represents a comprehensive brain function, and aromatherapy is a good way to maintain human mental and physical health.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1002-1012
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• 2005

5-Substituted 4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine were synthesized by interaction of 4­oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide with some aldehydes to give the corresponding Schiff-bases, which after cyclization gave corresponding thiazolidinones. For some of the thiazolidinones, Mannich bases reaction was carried out. All the derivatives were tested for their possible inhibitory effect on Schistosoma mansoni cercarial elastase (CE). Only, N'-(4-methylbenzyledine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2 ,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonylhydrazide was found to have potent inhibitory effect on the CE activity with $IC_{50} = 264{\mu}M.$ Upon its use as a paint for mice tails before infection with S. mansoni cercariae, the compound formulated in jojoba oil caused a significant reduction ($93\%$; P-value = 0.0002) in the worm burden. IgG & IgM in mice sera were measured by using several S. mansoni antigens by ELISA. Sera from treated infected mice (TIM) 2, 4, and 6 weeks (W) post infection (PI) showed 1.2 folds lower, 1.2 folds higher, 1.7 folds lower IgM reactivity against soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP), respectively, when compared with sera collected from infected untreated mice (IUM). Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.3, 1.6, and 1.7 folds higher IgG reactivity, respectively against CAP than the IgG reactivity from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4 and 6WPI showed 1.5, 1.2 folds lower and 1.4 folds higher IgM reactivity, respectively against soluble worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) when compared with sera collected from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI showed 1.4, 1 folds lower and 1 fold higher IgG reactivity, respectivley to SWAP when compared with sera from IUM. Sera from TIM 2, 4, and 6WPI had generaly lower IgM and IgG reactivities against soluble egg antigen (SEA) when compared with sera from IUM.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1225-1236
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aromatherapy, showing how the composition handling of aromatherapy and abdominal massage treatment reaches body ingredient transformation. The subjects for this research were total 18 middle-aged females in Seoul; aroma massage group of 7 females, aroma inhalation and water bathe group of 5 females, abdominal massage group of 6 females by jojoba oil without any medical effect. This clinic trial was held from July 1, 2008 to Aug.14, 2008. I held this clinic trial under the same condition after and before this clinic. A standard tape and OLYMPIA 3.5 of S hospital were used at the body measuring for subjects after and before clinic trials. I got Average and standard deviation by data analysis by SPSS Win. Ver.14.0. I did paired t-test for the comparison of before and after, and repeated measure ANOVA for between two groups or among three groups'. The verification was held Duncan Test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Body mass quotient (F=2.86, p= .063) and Body region (F=1.34, p= .279) among three groups showed no meaningful difference, but weight meaningful difference and aroma massage group showed the greatest difference of body measure change quantity. 2. In change quantity of abdomen girth, Waist circumference and WHR, abdomen girth (F=4.56, p= .012) and Waist circumference (F=4.37, p= .031) showed a meaningful statistical difference. The result of subsequent inspection showed that there was a meaningful difference among three groups and aroma massage group was best. 3. In Cell quantity, Body region quantity and Muscle volume, Body region quantity (F=2.76, p= .182) and Muscle volume (F=3.12, p= .054) showed no difference, but Cell quantity (F=3.79, p= .040) showed a meaningful difference. In the comparison of three groups there was no difference, but aromatherapy group showed more change quantity than any other group. According to the result of this study, the composition handling of aromatherapy and body massage was effective in the decrease of Abdominal fatness and Waist circumference, Weight and the increase of Cell quantity. so I suggest that woman use this therapy in the program of obesity management for her health improvement.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was designed to identify the possibility of aroma oils as the complementary medical goods specially for the effects of aromatheraphy on xerosis cutis. Materials and Methods : The participants were 23 adult patients and all participants of this study use aroma oils which is known to effect on xerosis cutis. The subjects consist of voluntary patients with xerosis cutis in Seong-So Hospital in Andong Kyoungbuk, Korea. From April 1st to April 30th, 2004 for 4 weeks, the subjects massaged aroma oils on itching parts or the whole body. Aroma oils were Lavender, Losemary, Jasmine and blended drop by drop per 10ml jojoba oil which used a carrier oil. Skin pH was measured with a skin pH meter(Model : HI98110, Se-Chang instruments, made in Portuga. After 4weeks using aroma oils, the participants answered questions about the feeling of satisfaction with aroma oils. Results : Changes in the physiological indices. The mean deviation of skin pH was $5.58{\pm}0.47$ points before using aroma oils and $5.53{\pm}0.45$ points after 2 weeks, no statistical significance was found(p=0.221). MD was $5.36{\pm}0.41$ points after 4 weeks using aroma oils, which was statistically significant decrease of 0.22 points(p=0.001) Changes on the Pruritus Score Scale. A modified scale of the Pruritus Score Scale(Duo, 1987) was used to measure the severity, location, frequency, and the inconveniences of daily life due to prurius. The maximum scale of severity was 4 points, the full marks of location was 2 points, the full marks of frequency was 3 points, the full marks of inconveniences of daily life due to pruritus was 3 points. The scores ranged from 0 to 12, with 12 indicating the most severe pruritus. There was no statistical difference in severity and frequency score at 4 weeks later(severity p=0.097, frequency p=0.633). A statistically significant difference was found in the score of location and the inconveniences of daily life due to pruritus(each p=0.003). Conclusion : Generally speaking, the patient suffering from renal itch is the higher than normal in skin pH levels. that means to show alkaline condition of skin surface. In some case in this study, skin pH levels was rather lower than normal levels when measured actually patients suffering from renal itch by skin pH meter. But in this study post-test skin pH levels decreased, showing the contribution of aromathrapy to acidic condition of skin surface in suffering from renal itch. It seems to be some help to cure a pruritus and also have no ill effects on aroma oils.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2002

Mechanical and physical properties of various parts of jujube (Zizyphus jojoba Miller) such as fruits, leaves, secondary branches, and leafy stems were measured and analyzed. The physical dimensions of the fruits were measured using a digital caliper, and the detachment force of the fruit and leafy stems was measured using a force gauge. The physical characteristics of the secondary branches such as the modulus of elasticity and the torsional rigidity were tested using a universal testing machine (UTM). The physical characteristics of leafy stems such as length and weight were also measured using a digital caliper and a digital scale, respectively. The detachment force of leafy stems and the area of the leaf also measured. The terminal velocities of the jujube fruits, leaves, and leafy stems were measured using a custom made terminal velocity experiment system. Diameter of the major and minor axis of the jujube fruit, weight of the fruit, and detachment force of the fruit stem was average of 32.02 mm, 23.92 mm. 10.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ ㎥, 8.99 g, and 5.43 N. respectively. The detachment forces of the jujube fruits increased and the force-to-weight ratio of the jujube fruits decreased as the weight of the jujube fruits increased. The modulus of elasticity of the secondary branches of the jujube was average of 7.01 ${\times}$ 10$\^$8/ N/㎡ and decreased as diameter of the secondary branches increased. The average torsional rigidity of the secondary jujube branches was 5.2 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-/ N/㎡, and the torsional rigidity decreased as the secondary branch diameter increased. The distribution of the torsional rigidity data associated with the diameter of the branches, however. widely scattered and it was difficult to find any relationship between the diameter of the branches and the torsional rigidity of tile branches. The weight of the leafy stems, number of loaves attached to the leafy stems, diameter of the stem side of the leafy stems, diameter of the leafy stem end was average or 0.7 g, 6.6 ea, 12.2 cm, 4.5 mm, and 2.7 mm, respectively. The major and minor axis of the .jujube loaves, area of leaves, weight of the leaves. and detachment force of the leaves was average of 5.7 cm, 3.3 cm, 12.98 cm$^2$, 0.20 g, and 4.39 N, respectively. The terminal velocity of the .jujube fruits increased as the weight of the fruits increased. The terminal velocity of the leafy stems, however, did not show a relationship with the weight of the leafy stems and the number of leaves attached to the leafy stem. The terminal velocity, however, slightly increased as the length of the leafy stems increased.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

The antioxidative activity was measured on the substances of water and ethanol soluble extract from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Lycium chinensis Miller, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Angelica gigas Nakai, Zizyphus jojoba Miller, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Cnidium officinale Makino by four different in vitro experimental models of DPPH (a,a'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) method, superoxide dismutase like activity, thiocyanate method, and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. The Lycium chinensis Miller contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds. The electron donating ability of water extract from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum were higher than those of the others. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of water extract from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge was the highest among those of all the others. The water extract from Zizyphus jujuba Miller showed the highest antioxidative activity determined by TBARS method. Compared to the control, the inducing period associated with the oxidation degree was delayed up to 8 days in both the water extract from Chrysanthemum, Lycium chinensis Miller, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and the in ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum and Glycyrrhiz uralensis Fischer. These results support that water and ethanol extracts from 8 kinds of medicinal herbs contain antioxidative compounds.