• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

충격 및 폭발하중으로 인한 위험으로부터 구조물의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 필요성의 증대에 따라 고율변형을 받는 콘크리트의 거동은 중요한 연구주제가 되었다. 콘크리트의 고율변형 거동은 정적인 상태와는 다른 독특한 거동을 보이기 때문에 다양한 고율변형모델들이 제안되어 고율변형 상태를 수치해석하는데 사용되고 있다. 이러한 수치해석 과정에서 발생하는 문제가 요소의 크기에 따라 수치해석결과가 크게 변하는 요소의존성 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 파괴에너지이론에 기초하여 요소의존성을 최소화할 수 있는 기준식을 제안하고 HJC(Holmquist Johnson Cook)모델을 이용한 관통수치해석을 통해 기준식을 검증하였다. 그 결과 기준식을 통해 산정된 파괴변형률을 수치해석상에 적용해줌으로써 해석결과의 요소의존성이 감소하였고 해의 정확성 또한 향상되는 것을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 다양한 형상의 우주 물체와 우주 구조물 사이의 충돌 각도를 고려한 초고속 충돌(Hypervelocity impact) 시뮬레이션 연구를 수행하였다. 비선형 구조 동역학 전산 해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA의 완화 입자 유동법(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, SPH)을 사용하여 초고속 충돌 현상을 묘사하였으며, 금속 재료의 비선형 거동을 구현하기 위하여 Mie-Grüneisen의 상태 방정식과 Johnson-Cook의 재료 모델을 사용하였다. 구, 정육면체, 원기둥 및 원뿔 형상의 다양한 형상의 우주 물체를 이용하였으며, 우주 구조물은 알루미늄 평판(200 mm×200 mm×2 mm)으로 모델링되었다. 우주 물체가 우주 구조물 대비 4.119 km/s의 상대 속도로 충돌하는 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 동일 질량을 갖는 다양한 형상의 우주 물체와 우주 구조물 사이의 0°, 30° 및 45°의 충돌 각도를 고려하였을 시 초고속 충돌에 의하여 발생되는 파편운(debris cloud) 형상을 분석하였다. 동일한 운동 에너지를 갖는 우주 물체는 형상의 차이로 인해 모두 다른 파편운이 형성되었다. 더불어 충돌 각도의 증가에 따라 파편운의 크기가 줄어드는 경향을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.447-452
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• 2004

Vacuum interrupters in order to be used in various switch-gear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spread the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrodes of vacuum interrupters are made of sinter-forged Cu-Cr materials for good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Since the closing velocity is 1-2m/s and impact deformation of the electrode depends on the strain rate at that velocity, the dynamic behavior of the sinter-forged Cu-Cr is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at intermediate strain rate is obtained from the high speed tensile test machine test and at the high strain rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of the electrodes. The impact characteristics of a vacuum interrupter are investigated with computer simulations by changing the amount of chromium content.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2008

A finite element modeling approach has been described for the simulation and analysis of the micron-scaled solid particle impact behavior in kinetic spraying process, using an explicit code (ABAQUS 6.7-2). High-strain-rate plastic deformation and interface bonding features of the copper, nickel, aluminum, and titanium were investigated via FEM in conjunction with the Johnson-Cook plasticity model. Different aspects of adiabatic shear instabilities of the materials were characterized as a concept of thermal boost-up zone (TBZ), and also discussed based upon energy balance concept with respect to relative recovery energy (RRE) for the purpose of optimizing the bonding process.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.275-278
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• 2005

INCONEL 718, nickel based superalloy, has good formability, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at high temperature. Owing to theses attractive properties, it finds use in applications such as combustion system, turbine engines and nuclear reactors. In such applications, components are typically required to be tolerant of high stress impact loading. This may cause material degradation and lead to catastrophic failure during service operation. In order to design optimal structural parts made of INCONEL 718, accurate understanding of material's mechanical properties, dynamic behavior and fracture characteristic as a function of strain rates are required. This paper concerned with the dynamic material properties of the INCONEL 718 for the various strain rates. The dynamic response of the INCONEL 718 at intermediate strain rate is obtained from the high speed tensile test machine test and at the high strain rate is from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. Based on the experimental results, the effects of strain rate on dynamic flow stress, work hardening characteristics, strain rate sensitivity and elongation to the failure are evaluated. Experimental results from both quasi-static and high strain rate up to the 5000/sec are interpolated in order to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulate and design the structural parts made of INCONEL 718.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2005

INCONEL 718, nickel based superalloy, has good formability, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at high temperature. Owing to theses attractive properties, it is utilized in applications such as combustion system, turbine engines and nuclear reactors. In such applications, components are typically required to be tolerant of high stress impact loading. This may cause material degradation and lead to catastrophic failure during service operation. Accurate understanding of material's mechanical properties with various strain rates is required in order to guarantee the reliability of structural parts made of INCONEL 718. This paper is concerned with the dynamic material properties of the INCONEL 718 at various strain rates. The dynamic response of the INCONEL 718 at the intermediate strain rate is obtained from the high speed tensile test and at the high strain rate is from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. The effect of the strain rate on dynamic flow stress, work hardening characteristics, strain rate sensitivity and elongation to the failure is evaluated with the experimental results. Experimental results from both the quasi-static and the high strain rate up to 5000/sec are interpolated in order to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulate and design the structural parts made of rNCONEL 718.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2015

Evaluation of the elevated temperature flow stress for thermoplastic fiber metal laminates(TFMLs) sheet, comprised of two aluminum sheets in the exterior layers and a self-reinforced polypropylene(SRPP) in the interior layer, was conducted. The flow stress as a function of temperature should be evaluated prior to the actual forming of these materials. The flow stress can be obtained experimentally by uniaxial tensile tests or analytically by deriving a flow stress model. However, the flow stress curve of TFMLs cannot be predicted properly by existing flow stress models because the deformation with temperature of these types of materials is different from that of a generic pure metallic material. Therefore, the flow stress model, which includes the effect of the temperature, should be carefully identified. In the current study, the flow stress of TFMLs were first predicted by using existing flow stress models such as Hollomon, Ludwik, and Johnson-Cook models. It is noted that these existing models could not effectively predict the flow stress. Flow stress models such as the modified Hollomon and modified Ludwik model were proposed with respect to temperatures of $23^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$. Then the stress-strain curves, which were predicted using the proposed flow stress models, were compared to the stress-strain curves obtained from experiments. It is confirmed that the proposed flow stress models can predict properly the temperature dependent flow stress of TFMLs.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.682-690
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• 2002

The formation of adiabatic shearband in tungsten heavy alloys(WHA) was studied in this investigation. Five prismatic specimens were loaded by high velocity impacts and treated as plane strain problems. To find out the effect of particle's volume ratio, specimens containing 81%, 93% and 97% volume percents of tungsten particles were used. Also the effects of particle's geometry and size on the formation of shearband were studied for 81% volume percent alloys by small size particle model, large size particle model and undulated particle models, and the results were discussed.be used to diagnose the causes of necking and fracture in industrial practice and to investigate whether these defects were caused by material property variation, changes in lubrication, or incorrect press settings. In non-axisymmetric deep drawing, three modes of forming regimes are found: draw, stretch, plane strain. The stretch mode for non-axisymmetric deep drawing could be defined when the major and minor strains are positive. The draw mode could be defined when the major strain is positive and minor strain is negative, and plane strain mode could be defined when the major strain is positive and minor strain is zero. Through experiments the draw mode was shown on the wall and flange are one of a drawn cup, while the plane strain and the stretch mode were on the punch head and the punch corner area respectively, We observed that the punch load of elliptical deep drawing was decreased according to increase of die corner radius and the thickness deformation of minor side was more large than major side.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.576-585
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• 2002

A three-dimensional Lagrangian explicit time-integration finite element code for analyzing the dynamic impact phenomena was developed. It uses four node tetrahedral elements. In order to consider the effects of strain rate hardening, strain hardening and thermal softening, which are frequently observed in high-velocity deformation phenomena, Johnson-Cook model is used as constitutive model. For more accurate and robust contact force computation, the defense node contact algorithm was adopted and implemented. In order to evaluate the performance of the newly developed three-dimensional hydrocode NET3D, numerical simulations of the oblique impact of mild steel plate by mild steel sphere were carried out. Ballistic limit about various oblique angle between 0 degree and 80 degree was estimated through a series of simulations with different initial velocities of sphere. Element eroding by equivalent plastic strain was applied to mild steel spheres and targets. Ballistic limits and fracture characteristics obtained from simulation were compared with experimental results conducted by Finnegan et al. From numerical studies, the following conclusions were reached. (1) Simulations could successfully reproduce the key features observed in experiment such as tensile failure termed "disking"at normal impacts and outwards bending of partially formed plus segments termed "hinge-mode"at oblique impacts. (2) Simulation results fur 60 degrees oblique impact at 0.70 km/s and 0.91 km/s were compared with experimental results and Eulerian hydrocode CTH simulation results. The Lagrangian code NET3D is superior to Eulerian code CTH in the computational accuracy. Agreement with the experimentally obtained final deformed cross-sections of the projectile is excellent. (3) Agreement with the experimental ballistic limit data, particularly at the high-obliquity impacts, is reasonably good. (4) The simulation result is not very sensitive to eroding condition but slightly influenced by friction coefficient.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1793-1799
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• 2003

An optimal design of a multi-layered plate structure to endure high-velocity impact has been suggested by using size optimization after numerical simulations. The NET2D, a Lagrangian explicit time-integration finite element code for analyzing high-velocity impact, was used to find the parameters for the optimization. Three different materials such as mild steel, aluminum for a multi-layered plate structure and die steel for the pellet, were assumed. In order to consider the effects of strain rate hardening, strain hardening and thermal softening, Johnson-Cook model and Phenomenological Material Model were used as constitutive models for the simulation. It was carried out with several different gaps and thickness of layers to figure out the trend in terms of those parameters' changes under the constraint, which is against complete penetration. Also, the measuring domain has been shrunk with several elements to reduce the analyzing time. The response surface method based on the design of experiments was used as optimization algorithms. The optimized thickness of each layer in which perforation does not occur has been obtained at a constant velocity and a designated total thickness. The result is quite acceptable satisfying both the minimized deformation energy and the weight criteria. Furthermore, a conceptual idea for topology optimization was suggested for the future work.