• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

Polishing a die that has free-form surfaces is a time-consuming and tedious job, and requires a considerable amount of high-precision skill. In order to reduce the polishing time and cope with the shortage of skilled workers, an automatic polishing robot system was developed. The polishing robot system is composed of two subsystems, a three-axis machining center and a two-axis polishing head. The machining center is controlled by a FANUC controller, and the polishing head by DSP controller. The system has five degrees of freedom and is able to keep the polishing tool normal to the die surface during operation. To easily operate the developed polishing robot system, this study developed an integrated operating program in the Windows environment. The program consists of five modules: a polishing data generation module, a code separation module, a polishing module, a graphic simulator module, and a teaching module. Also, the automatic teaching system was developed to easily obtain teaching data and it consists of a three dimensional joystick and a proximity sensor. Also, to evaluate the performance of the integrated operating program and the polishing robot system, polishing experiments of a die of shadow mask were carried out.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.45-71
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• 2022

This paper studies potentially relevant factors affecting changes in the number of self-employed in Korea during the period of 1986-2018. The number of self-employed had increased steadily until 2002 but started to decrease around that time and had continued to decline. The increasing trend in the number of self-employed during 1986-2001 is mostly explained by demographic changes, whereas the declining trend during 2002-2018 cannot be explained by demographic factors. In this study, I consider four institutional factors that potentially affect the decrease in the number of self-employed after 2002: i) a decrease in the job-separation rate of wage workers, ii) an increase in the income tax rate applied to the self-employed, iii) an increase in minimum wages, iv) an expansion of unemployment insurance benefits. Using a search and matching model with the self-employed, I quantify the effects of these four factors on the decrease in the number of self-employed during 2002-2018. Quantitative results show that the impact of the increase in the minimum wage is relatively large, whereas the effects of the other three factors are limited. The increase in the minimum wage accounts for approximately 17.5% (0.169 million) of the decrease in the number of self-employed during 2002-2018 (0.964 million).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2010

Lactic acid is widely used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an increasing demand for lactic acid as the raw material of poly lactic acid(PLA), which is a biodegradable polymer. Lactic acid production has been changing over from production by synthesis to production by fermentation, since the fermentation process is more nature friendly and economic. However, the fermentation method generates excess water and impurities with high boilers. The presence of high boilers and non volatility of lactic acid makes the separation of lactic acid very difficult job. Also, the purification-separation process requires the many investment costs and energy costs. Reactive distillation concept was also introduced for the process, giving higher selectivity and yield compared to the convention method. We introduce a new highly integrated process, reactive diving wall column, to reduce the capital and energy cost for producing a pure lactic acid. The reactive dividing wall column combines reactive distillation and dividing wall column. We compared capital and energy consumption required for the purification of lactic acid the between the proposed design structures. And we examined the effect of major process variables on the process performance and determined optimal process.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-205
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is about to consider the structure of dualistic recognition between "Gang-Ho"(ideal sanctuary) and real world in the "Songs of Fisherman" written by Lee Hyeon Bo. In order to do this job, I analized the arrangement of the contents and extract the exact in and outward meaning of elements and expressions; usage of them between lines of this Song. Based on these works, I tried to explain the confronted recognitions of the two worlds. At the first, about the arrangement and contents of this poem, It is consisted of 5 independent sub-poems and each of them are describing the value of fisherman's life(at the poem 가), separation from mundane world(나), satisfaction of fisherman's life(다), nature of "Gnag-Ho"(라), domiciliation in the place(마). It looks like that the writer intended to have the arrangement probability and likelihood connecting poems. Secondly, It contrast the nature of the "Gang-Ho" and real world. The sanctuary is a place of 'absence of worldly desire' and 'cordiality' that could afford one's harmonious life. On the other hand, the real world is a troublesome place which always conflicts political confrontations. For those reasons, the writer wants to satisfy with his living in "Gang-Ho" separating himself from the real world. Thirdly, The nature of "Gang-Ho" is 'absence of worldly desire' and 'cordiality' that one could be deserved his diligency becoming a part of the harmonious idealistic living place. Fourthly, on the character of story teller. Originally he is a incomer of "Gang-Ho" from real world. so that reason, he is showing dualism not to deny the loyalty oath to his king, while he intends to satisfy with the life in "Gang- Ho" separating himself from real world. As a gentry, at that time, the loyalty oath is inevitable one and that is found from writer's other works either. Fifthly, Characters of the different world recognition. The main reason of his intention to "Gang-Ho" roots on out of worldly confrontations, his separation from real world is on a joyous peaceful life just like in "Gang-Ho". this study believes the writer imply that 'absence of worldly desire' and 'cordiality' of "Gang-Ho", be a key role to resolve the confrontation of real world. Lee Hyeon Bo himself regards the two elements as a advisable attitude of life. At last, Seeing the writer's other work and literature's educational effect, this study defines that even if the poem outwardly express one's lyricism but inside it warns governors ruling attitude.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.191-214
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• 2005

Recently, most enterprises are having a knowlege management boom. A number of books associated with the knowlege management are being published, countless public seminars are held, and many research councils have been organized studying it formally or informally as if not importing the system is like falling behind a fashion. However, there are not many cases that achieved success by constructing the system of knowledge management. Then, why the knowledge management is not so much effective despite so many voices wanting the change of management system and a lot of public lectures about it? I guess the reason is that most companies do not have concrete methodology. Seeing a result of a survey which reported that with spread of venture boom and successful examples being known widely, the outflow of precious human resources is accelerated and a large number of employees of conglomerates have already resigned or are considering separation from their positions, we can realize that are occurring a change which can be nearly called severance in an occupational view and an organization culture. The preference to a large enterprise or a public institution of labor is low today and the notion about a lifelong job is regarded as past remains. As for this, it could be said that the social atmosphere that pursued the stability of a job has been changed to the practical one that attaches importance to ability and pay. The way of thinking of employees has been changed while established organizations cannot satisfy their desire and this explains why important members of a company are flown out. The reason why superior human resources move to venture businesses is that they can do their likable work and also prove their ability as well as unconventional rewards. Although existing companies are trying to preserve important human resources through performance compensating stock option, temporary patching up of personnel management cannot retard the rushing wind of foundation and the outflow of labor. On the contrary, clumsy import of performance-based reward system not only fails to hire superior labor power but also can bring about a sense of incompatibility and conflicts among the remaining employees. Therefore, this thesis, focusing on how to choose, develop, and maintain the human resources, will suggest a future-aiming human resources management model of Korean enterprises after comparing and analyzing the actual condition of domestic companies and the trends of advanced corportaions.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Background: As of 2016, average Koreans sleep 7 hours and 42 minutes, the lowest figure among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) countries, and the number of people with sleep disorders reached 561,000. Accordingly, the government has promoted the provision of 'Multiple Sleep Test' to strengthen the diagnosis service for patients with 'sleep disorder' in july 2018. As a result, healthcare costs for patients with sleep disorder is on the rise every year. In this study, we utilized 'Appropriate Sleep' criteria of United States's National Sleep Foundation(NSF) then investigated Korean's sleep pertinence using ｢7th National Health and Nutrition Survey for 2016-2018」 by different occupational type, demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics, and health behaviors. Methods: We performed descriptive analysis to examine differences of sleep appropriateness by various sample characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine sleep appropriateness by occupational type and other variables. We also analyzed subgroup models to investigate. Results: As a result, a total of 1,948 (18.37%) study subjects experienced in-appropriate sleep. Results of the Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that blue color group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for experiencing in-appropriate sleep (OR=1.179). In addition, the odds ratio of experienced in-appropriate sleep among the elderly aged 70 and over was 2.698, and the odds ratio of the overstressed group was 1.299. Furthermore, sub-group analysis showed that blue color job of female(Or=1.334), high school or below(OR=1.404), divorce/death/separation(OR=2.039), 25%ile-50%lie income group(OR=1.411) more likely experienced in-appropriate sleep. Conclusion: Growing sleep disorder patients and related health care costs are expected. Government should apply detailed 'total periodic sleep disorder management policy' including pre-consultation, examination, diagnosis, treatment, post-consultation, self-management especially to vulnerable population that this study found.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.305-315
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• 1997

The propose of this study was to analyze the relationships among the levels of training & development evaluation (reaction, learning, transfer). The study has been conducted on 730 trainees who attended in the basic accounting program in L training and development institution through three incidents of tracked research such as reaction survey right after the conclusion of training, learning evaluation through test, and an evaluation of the transferability after 3 months of training. Questionnaires and test papers for analyses were used after their reliability, validity, difficulty, and discrimination have been verified on a pre-test. The research has been conducted for six months from 4 March 1996 to the end of August 1996, and data have been collected through direct research and survey through mail. The collected data have been worked on at SAS program for Windows with a statistical significance level of 5%. Statistical method that had been used was Pearson's correlation coefficient. The result and conclusion acquired from this study were as follows: Between reaction and learning, learning and transfer of training, only a weak positive correlation exists and explanation or prediction variance showing hierarchical relationship was quite weak with 1%. Thus, this research not only does not strongly support Kirkpatrick(1976)'s hierarchical model of $reaction{\rightarrow}learning{\rightarrow}transfer$, but also indicates that the separate measurement on each levels of training evaluation needs to be done. On the other hand, there was a relatively strong positive correlation between reaction and transfer of training. Based on the result, the conclusion, and the restriction perceived through this study, the following suggestions were made. 1. There is a need to empirically analyze and verify the hierarchy of all levels of training evaluation including the evaluation of the fourth level (result) such as organizational productivity, organizational satisfaction, and separation rate. 2. A great deal of efforts will be needed to systematically analyze what the relationships are among the methods measuring the level of evaluation of the training and development, and to apply this result to the training field.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.5 s.101
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• pp.719-728
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• 2005

2-dimensional electrophoresis(2DE) is a separation technique to identify proteins contained in a sample. However, the image is very sensitive to its experimental conditions as well as the quality of scanning. In order to adjust the possible variation of spots in a particular image, a user should manually annotate landmark spots on each gel image to analyze the spots of different images together. However, this operation is an error-prone and tedious job. This thesis develops an automated method of extracting the landmark spots of an image based on landmark profile. The landmark profile is created by clustering the previously identified landmarks of sample images of the same type. The profile contains the various properties of clusters identified for each landmark. When the landmarks of a new image need to be fount all the candidate spots of each landmark are first identified by examining the properties of its clusters. Subsequently, all the landmark spots of the new image are collectively found by the well-known optimization algorithm $A^*$. The performance of this method is illustrated by various experiments on real 2DE images of mouse's brain-tissues.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2015

A systemic review on the factors affecting food catering hygiene was conducted to provide information for risk management of food catering in Korea. In total 47 keywords relating to food catering and food hygiene were searched for published journals in the DBpia for the last decade (2005-2014). As a result, 1,178 published papers were searched and 142 articles were collected by the expert review. To find the major factors affecting food catering and microbial safety, an analysis based on organization and stakeholder were conducted. School catering (64 papers) was a major target rather than industry (5 pagers) or hospitals (3 papers) in the selected articles. The factors affecting school catering were "system/facility/equipment (15 papers)", "hygiene education (12 papers)", "production/delivery company (6 papers)", food materials (4 papers)" and "any combination of the above factors (9 papers)". The major problems are follow. 1) The problems of "system/facility/equipment" were improper space division/separation, lack of mass cooking utensil, lack of hygiene control equipment, difficulty in temperature and humidity control, and lack of cooperation in the HACCP team (dietitian's position), poor hygienic classroom in the case of class dining (students'), hard workload/intensity of labor, poor condition of cook's safety (cook's) and lack of parents' monitoring activity (parents'). 2) The problem of "hygiene education' were related to formal and perfunctory hygiene education, lack of HACCP education, lack of compliance of hygiene practice (cook's), lack of personal hygiene education and little effect of education (students'). 3) The problems of "production/delivery company" were related to hygiene of delivery truck and temperature control, hygiene of employee in the supplying company and control of non-accredited HACCP company. 4) The area of "food materials" cited were distrust of safety regarding to raw materials, fresh cut produces, and pre-treated food materials. 5) In addition, job stability/the salary can affect the occupational satisfaction and job commitment. And job stress can affect the performance and the hygiene practice. It is necessary for the government to allocate budget for facility and equipment, conduct field survey, improve hygiene training program and inspection, prepare certification system, improve working condition of employees, and introducing hygiene and layout consulting by experts. The results from this study can be used to prepare education programs and develop technology for improving food catering hygiene and providing information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.334-350
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• 2010

This study aims at investigating the possible effects on the tax accounting practices stemming from adopting the IFRS in financial reporting process. It also seeks for policy implications to help alleviate practical conflicts likely to arise from the inconsistencies between the existing tax law and the tax related IFRS provisions. The results of the survey analysis are summarized as follows: firstly, majority opinion is opposed to the fair value based revaluation of property assets as well as the application of immediate recognition of foreign currency translation gains/losses. It favors the existing provision on asset securitization which adopts sales transaction view. Secondly, most of the respondents oppose the proposed amendments which allows dual classification of lease contracts on the ground. Third, functional currency appears acceptable on a conceptual level, even though a deep concern is expressed regarding the practical feasibility of computing taxable income using financial statements translated on the basis of functional currency on a practical viewpoint. Fourth, many respondents support the existing convention of recognizing depreciation expenses for taxation purposes and are in favor of the separation of accounting and tax books on a long-term basis. Fifth, the majority opinion approves the maintenance of existing tax reconciliation system and the recognition of expenses related with the doubtful accounts on reporting basis. Finally, a concern is raised with regard to the added burden of practical job loads needed to comply with the proposed amendments.