• CHINESE LITERATURE
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• v.99
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• pp.125-156
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• 2019

This text attempts two types of critical analysis. First is to explore Luxun's critical research attitude toward classical Chinese texts, studying how Luxun critically examines 'liyue (ceremony- music)'. With the way the 'madman' in 《A Madman's Diary》 handles China's old text as a hint, the attitude with which Luxun critically examines the editing and passing down of classical Chinese philology was studied. Luxun pays attention to the situation in which when classical literature is passed down and transmitted throughout history, the context of events are concealed and text is blockaded while text is edited and restructured. Also, Luxun critically examines how the ancient culture of 'liyue' operates on the constitution of Chinese culture, society, and politics, in addition to the process of passing down of texts, as well as how it has effect even in the present day. Classics are closely intertwined not only with issues of the past but with the conventions, moral emotions, and government of today. Second, based on Luxun's examination of 'liyue', the <sheng-wu-ai-le-lun> of the 《Jikangji》 which Luxun sympathized with all his life is criticized. This text, stating that 'There is no sadness or happiness in sound', deeply ponders upon the issue of 'liyue' essential to the logic of Chinese cultural composition, and deviates from the Confucian thoughts centered around social integrity and inspiration. Further, it stresses the autonomy of affective subject, and the process of deliberation by an entity toward harmony and commonness. By the work of examining Jikang through Luxun and Luxun through Jikang, the uncompleted work of classical criticism by Luxun is restructured, and the possibility of classical Chinese texts to relate to today's life is examined.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.698-707
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• 2023

Fish are an essential resource in human society, and while ecological research on them is challenging, it is absolutely necessary. Recent technologies enabled researchers to monitor underwater fish behavior. Acoustic signals, satellite-mediated location estimation, and light-based geolocation are powerful tools for tracking fish movements from freshwater to deep-sea habitats. These tools allow us to track various fish species and elucidate their ecology. Furthermore, based on these technologies, we can develop fisheries management plans and enhance aquaculture productivity. In this review, we also discuss challenges in improving current technologies and provide future recommendations for fish bio-logging studies.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.304-310
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• 2002

In a recent study by the same authors using a DMTA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer), it was found that the 4-aminobenzoic arid (ABA) molecules acted as either a neutralizing agent, or a plasticizer, or a filler, depending on the order of mixing of poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA), ABA, and NaOH. Subsequent to that study, we here pursued the same topic, i.e., the effect of the addition of CsOH (instead of NaOH) and ABA on the morphology of PSSA, but this time, by using a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. In line with the previous results, the present study with the SAXS technique verified that the order of mixing has a significant effect on the morphology of ionomers. In addition, with the SAXS data and the density values of the ionomers, we attempted to calculate both the number of sulfonate ionic groups per multiplet and the size of the multiplet of the ionomer.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.76-86
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• 2024

The bio-logging method could be a valuable approach to studying the underwater movement of marine fish. We investigated the horizontal and vertical movement patterns of two yellowtails Seriola quinqueradiata weighing 8.7 kg and 9.5 kg with a popup satellite archival tag from October 2020 to January 2021 in the East Sea of Korea. Our results showed that a yellowtail migrated northward in October and November, and then shifted southward in mid-December. The average swimming depth and temperature of the fish monitored over 82 days were 24.9 ± 9.3 m (average ± SD) and 16.5 ± 1.9℃, respectively, and the total traveled distance was 1,172.4 km. The fish swam significantly deeper during the daytime (33.70 ± 14.80 m) than at nighttime (20.65 ± 8.44 m) from November to December (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the horizontal migratory route of yellowtails in accordance with the East Korea Warm Current which is the main branch of Tsushima Warm Current in the fall and early winter seasons, and showed significant diel vertical movement patterns from November to December.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

1,4-Naphthoquinones are widely distributed in nature and many clinically important antitumor drugs containing a quinone moiety, such as anthracyclines, mitoxantrones and saintopin, show excellent anticancer activity. In this study, 2- or 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) and 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) derivatives were synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity against L1210 and P388 cancer cells was examined. Their antitumor activity was also assessed in mice bearing S-180 cells in the peritoneal cavity. In comparison with the DMNQ derivatives, the DHNQ derivatives exhibited more potent bioactivities than the DMNQ derivatives against both L1210 and P388 cells in vitro and S-180 cells in vivo. The $ED_{50}$ values of the DHNQ derivatives against P388 cells were in the range of 0.18-1.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ whereas those of the DMNQ derivatives were in the range of 0.26-40.41 ${\mu}g/mL$. The T/C ($\%$) values of the DHNQ derivatives, 8, 17, 18, 19, and 20, were found to be comparable to or even better than that of adriamycin. It was also observed that the 2-substituted derivatives (8, 19, 20) showed better antitumor activity than the 6-substituted derivatives (7, 17, 18) in the mice bearing S-180 cells in the peritoneal cavity.